商务翻译(2)--文体意识--continued

1、-continuedAlternative policies were adopted but resulted in very limited success. They included the increase of short-term interest rates to discourage short-term capital outflows, the decrease of the long-term interest rates to stimulate domestic production, interventions in foreign exchange market

2、s, and a number of direct controls over capital outflows. 尽管采取了多种政策但收效极其有限。这些政策包括提高短期利率以阻止短期资金的外流，降低长期利率以刺激国内生产，干预外汇市场，以及一系列直接控制资金外流的措施。 capital flight 资本外逃 Hot moneyWays and Means Committee 岁出岁入委员会The United States House Committee on Ways and Means is a committee in the United States House of Repre

3、sentatives similar to that same committee in the United Kingdom House of Commons. Unlike its UK counterpart, the US committee still meets and has jurisdiction over all taxation, tariffs, and other revenue-raising measures, as well as Social Security, Medicare, and a number of other programs. Hot mon

4、ey is a term that is most commonly used in financial markets to refer to the flow of funds (or capital) from one country to another in order to earn a short-term profit on interest rate differences and/or anticipated exchange rate shifts. These speculative capital flows are called hot money because

5、they can move very quickly in and out of markets, potentially leading to market instability热钱，又称游资（refugee capital）Hot money - WikipediaIn economics, hot money refers to funds which flow into a country to take advantage of a favorable interest rate, and therefore obtain higher returns. They influenc

6、e the balance of payments and strengthen the exchange rate of the recipient country while weakening the currency of the country losing the money. These funds are held in currency markets by speculators as opposed to national banks or domestic investors. As such, they are highly volatile and will be

7、shifted to another foreign exchange market when relative interest rates make this more profitable.自2010年2月起，国家外汇管理局（State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE)请看新华社的报道An investigation into this years speculative hot money inflows uncovered 190 cases involving 7.35 billion U.S. dollars of funds,

8、a senior official of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) said.In an undated interview with The Peoples Daily posted on the newspapers website Monday, Deng Xianhong, deputy director of the SAFE, said the foreign exchange regulator did not find evidence of large amounts of hot money fl

9、owing into China.The SAFE investigation began in February.The latest figure was unchanged from the May 25 figure.Most of the speculative and arbitrage capital from overseas wound up in the equity and property markets, Deng told the newspaper without giving further details.Excerpt from China uncovers

10、 US$7.35 bln of hot money inflows （来源：中国网学英语频道）凯恩斯（John Maynard Keynes）(1)交易动机（Transaction motive） (2)预防动机(Precautionary motive） (3)投机动机(Speculative motive） Your letter of credit is to allow 2% more or less in drawings. 贵方信用证支取时允许百分之二的上下浮动。After the WWII some countries in Europe agreed to make their

11、 currencies freely convertible into gold for international payments only, thus forming a gold standard that was entirely external. 二战后，有些欧洲国家同意其货币可以自由兑换黄金，但只限于国际支付款。这样就形成了完全对外的金本位。 Payment will be made upon receipt of the goods with a discount of 5% for cash payment.收货付款，现金支付九五折。而复数形式payments表示“支付的款

12、项”，如：You agree to repay this loan by 10 weekly payments of 10. 你同意每周支付10英镑，十周还清此贷款。 In this case, foreigners net imports from Britain are not being financed entirely by British loans. 既然这样，外国人从英国的净进口就不可能全部用英国的贷款来支付。Buyer must be responsible for all movements of the goods from inland point of loading

13、, and pay all transportation costs.买方应负责将货物从内陆装货地开始的所有运输活动，并支付一切运输费用。 复数表示债券或股票 securities 为“有价证券”的统称；shares （Br. E）和stocks (Am. E)都表示“股票的量”、“股份额”； ways-and-means advances (英格兰银行的)短期贷款；yearlings 一年定期债券；gains 涨价的股票；interests 利益，股份；floaters政府不记名债券；Kaffirs（英伦敦证券交易所的）南非金矿股票（不可数）；funds英国指只付利息的长期公债, 当作公共有

14、价证券使用，（The stock of the British permanent national debt, considered as public securities.）与 the连用。 有少数由形容词转换来的名词形式表示数量。movable 活动的，变动的 movables 动产；overhead在头上的，高架的 overheads 企业管理费用，相当于overhead costs/expenses 管理费用；invisible无形的 invisibles = invisible imports and exports无形出口商品与无形进口商品；visibles = visible

15、 imports and visible exports 有形进出口商品; receivable可接受的 receivables 应收账款；outstanding未付清的，已发行的 outstandings 未偿付的贷款，未清算的账目，股东持有的股票; valuable 有价值的，贵重的 valuables贵重物品。 receivables turnover 应收账款周转率cash and receivables 现金及应收账款Banks originated as places in which people took their valuables for safe-keeping, bu

16、t today the great banks of the world have many functions in addition to acting as guardians of valuable private possessions. 银行在其起源时曾是为人们安全保管贵重物品的地方，但如今，除了担当贵重私有财产卫士的角色以外，世界大银行还有很多的功能。 The largest single issue in the preparation, presentation, and verification of documentation by sellers, buyers, an

17、d banks is consistency among documents.（Hinkelman, 2009: 13）原译：在准备、提交和审查单据时，最大的问题是单据的一致性。全句译文：卖方、买方及银行在制单、交单和验单中最大的问题在于单证的一致性。STOWAGE INSTRUCTIONS These are specific instructions given by the consignor in a letter or on a shipping line or freight forwarders pre-printed form regarding how or where a

18、shipment should be stowed during transport. For example, a shipper may require that the shipment be placed below deck and amidships for greater protection from the elements and movement of the ship. （Hinkelman, 2009: 39）原译：装载或理舱须知，理舱须知 Buyers or their chartering agent shall advise the Seller by fax

19、10 days prior to the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of shipment of the contract number, name of the carrying vessel, approximate loading capacity, lay days and port of loading. 原译：买方或其租船代理人须于载货轮抵达装运港10天前以传真方式通知卖方合同号、船名、大约受载重量、预计抵达日期及装运港名改译：在承运船抵达装货港10天前，买方或其船代须将合同号、承运船名、船舶的近似载重量、船舶在港时间和装

20、货港以传真的方式告知卖方。 There is a tendency for an organization of this type to be rather romantic; this place isnt romantic it actually makes money. He is impressed equally by the open information policy, which circulates details of all meetings to employees, and the rapid growth. 原译：这样的公司常常是很浪漫的，但这个地方并不浪漫，实

21、际上它是赚钱的。公司的信息公开政策同样给他以很深的印象，所有公司的会议的细节及迅速发展状况都传达给雇员。 There is a tendency for an organization of this type to be rather romantic; this place isnt romantic it actually makes money. He is impressed equally by the open information policy, which circulates details of all meetings to employees, and the ra

22、pid growth.改译：这种类型的公司常有浮夸的倾向，而这家公司并非如此实际上，它是盈利的。公司的信息公开政策以及迅速成长的态势在相同程度上给他以深刻的印象，信息公开政策是指所有会议的具体内容都传达到全体员工。 romantic浪漫的，谈情说爱的，多情的，风流的，香艳的； 空想的，虚构的，怪诞的，想入非非的，不实际的，难实行的（计划等）； 传奇（式）的，小说般的，情节离奇的； 浪漫主义的(观点等)不现实的，不切实际的，空想的 If you say that someone has a romantic view or idea of something, you are critical

23、of them because their view of it is unrealistic and they think that thing is better or more exciting than it really is. He has a romantic view of rural society.他对农村的看法不切实际。I dont have any romantic notions about having a baby. Its a really tough job.我对生孩子并没有抱任何幻想。这的确是件很不容易的事情。 The higher IMF estimate

24、s may be better yardsticks of economic progress. 原译：国际货币基金组织的较高的估计可能是衡量经济进步的比较科学的标准改译：国际货币基金组织的预算可以作为衡量（或判断）世界经济发展更为合适的标准。A given currency could, therefore, never rise above nor fall bellow fixed points which are called intervention points. 原译：因此，一种货币上升时既不得高于固定点，下降时也不能低于它。这个固定点就称之为“干预点改译：因此，某种货币升值时不

25、得高于上限定点，贬值时亦不得低于下限定点。这两个定点就称作为干预点币值波动的上下限。Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange. 原译：当人们开始通过交换来满足欲望和需求的时候就出现了营销。Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 原译：

26、商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余改译：商务是指生产、配送、销售并创造利润的所有关联活动。 Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed, but today it has a more technical definition, which is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and service for a profit. 原译：传统上，商务仅指人们所

27、需要的物品的交换或贸易。但是，今天商务有更为科学的定义，它是指为了利润而进行货物和劳务的生产、配送和销售的一种活动。 改译：传统意义上的商务是指为了获得人们需求的物品而进行的交易活动。但是现在商务有了更为科学的定义：商务是为了获取利润而进行的商品的生产、配送和销售活动以及提供服务业务。 商务专业知识的意识国际商务英语实用性的特点使得国际商务英语的翻译者明白，为了提高翻译质量，他必须对众多的国际商务业务有所了解，并且精通其中一门专业.In the event credit does not become more available in the near future, as owners debt obligations come to maturity (especially in high leverage