what引导名性从句的五种用法

1、what引导名词性从句的五种用法(高考语法要点)注意：请你在 wha导的从句下面划线，并指出其充当的成分。一、用法归纳1. 表示“的东西或事情相当于the things that ：例如：They ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary.玛丽的职务是秘书。2. 表示“的人或的样子” 相当于the per son that。女口 :He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is

2、 what is generally called a traitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的3. 表示“的数量或数目”相当于the amount/number that。如：:Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是 10 年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberati

3、on.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的时间”相当于 the time that例如：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5. 表示“的地方” 相当于the place that 。如：This is what they call Salt Lake C

4、ity.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。二、用法说明(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：先行词(小注)：是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它 的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是岀现在定语从句

5、之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。正: You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.误： You can have everything what you like.(2) 有时 what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名

6、词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：误： I gave him what book I had.What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词= 所有的都，what little+虽少但全部。 如：I spent what time I had with her.我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。I spent what little time I had with her.我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。专项练习题1. caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ( 98 )A. What B. That

7、C. How D. Where2. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the money exactly _he wants.B. which C. that D. what3. Tom is greatly different from he was when he was young.B. what C. where D. thatancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related tow

8、as eaten.A. Which B. it C. what D. thatis to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard6. Do you know A. what is this used for B. what this is used forC. which this is used D. that this is used for7. Tom liked to

9、eat was different from .A. That -that you had expectedB. What -that you had expectedC. That what you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected8. He said that he was fond of .A. what beautiful is B. beautiful is what C. what is beautiful D. what it is beautiful9. The poor young man is ready to accept

10、 help he can get.A. whateverB. howeverD. whenever10. We gave him help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. This11. Now we can see problem the population is .A. a what serious B. such serious a C. how serious a D. so a seriousknow little about the young lady exceptyou told me.D. 不填know nothing about

11、her exceptshe is from Canada.14. -Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer-I think warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.B. which C. how D. where15. Thinking you know in fact you dont is a terrible mistake.A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what; that16.

12、Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. as B. which D. what17. People are trying hard to protect and record is left of the Aboriginal(土着居民的)A. which B. what C. that D. all18. The way he did it was different we were used to.A. in that B. in what C. f

13、rom what D. from which不可数名词 =language.19. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. thatD. How20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved.little she earns B. how

14、 little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. After five hours drive, they reachedthey thought was the place they d been dreaming of .A. that B. what C. which D. where22. I justdon t understandthat prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.A .why it do

15、es B. what it does C. why it is D. what it is23. Loulan city is not at alla traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.A. what B. that C .which D. where24. I think that this meal was well worthwas charged for it.A. that B. which C. what D. how many25. Yesterday he sold out all his stam

16、ps athe thought was a reasonable price.A. that B. what C. which D. as26. What is learned in books can not have the same deep effect on a child s character is learned throughexperience.A. what B. as C. as what D. when whatwhat为什么不能引导定语从句that可以引导定语从句，而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱，它在定语从句中要充当成分，通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。同时that也

17、可以引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中that不充当成分。但What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句，在句中相当于 what =all that ,what 在名词性从句中充当成分 常常作主语、宾语和表语。简单说，what引导的从句是名词性质的，而 that引导的定语从句是形容词性质的。所以， what不可能引 导定语从句。|Eg: 17).AllI want to know is what he meant .?A. that B. which C. what D. whatever评析：答案是 A.本题是that引导的定语从句。而 what不可以引导定语从句。What=all tha

18、t . 又因为先行词是all ，故其后不可以接 which引导的定语从句。而 .Whatever=anything that /no matter what从 意义和语法都不符合。所以只能选A,that.18)impressed me most wassuch a little boy could play the violin so well.A. That ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. What ; what评析：答案是B.第一空是what引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。第二空是that引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不省略，不作

19、成分，也没词义。？定于从句，已经清楚的指明对象，所以也就不需要用what来引导.定于从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定于从句：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系畐U词有：whe n, where, why 等！With 复合结构的用法小结 （ 高考语法要点 ）with 结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一 重要的语法知识。一、 with 结构的 构成With 结构构成方式如下：1. with或 without- 名词 / 代词 +形容词；2. with 或 without-3. wi

20、th 或 without-4. with 或 without-名词/ 代词+副词；名词/ 代词+介词短语； 名词 / 代词 + 动词不定式；5. with或 without- 名词 / 代词 + 分词（现在分词和过去分词）6 with 或 without- 名词 / 代词 +名词下面分别举例：1、She came into the room， with her nose red because of cold.（ with+ 名词 +形容词作伴随状语）2、With the meal over， we all went home.（ with+ 名词 +副词，作时间状语）3、The master

21、 was walking up and downwith the ruler under his arm（ with+ 名词 +介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroomwith a book in his hand.（with+ 名词 +介词短语，伴随状语。 ）4、He lay in the dark empty house， with not a man， woman or child to say he was kind to me.（ with+ 名词 +不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without m

22、e to help him.（ without+ 代词 + 不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleepwith the light burning.（ with+ 名词 +现在分词 ，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard ， shewent out to get something to eat.（ without+ 代词 +过去分词，作为原因状语）6 He died with his son yet a school boy . 他去世时他的儿子还是一个学童呢（ with 或 without- 名词 / 代词 + 名词）7 -Yo

23、u should have prepared your speech for the meeting , Mrs Smith .-Yes, I know .But how could I （ prepared your speech for the meeting ） with the meeting date fixed so soon（. With+ 名词/代词 +过去分词）（ 2005东北三校联考）二、 with 结构的用法 在句子中 with 结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句） 。With 结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： （ 翻译下列三个句子 ）

24、like eating the mooncakes with eggs.space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、 with 结构的特点1. with 结构由介词 with 或 without+ 复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而 在逻辑上，却

25、具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of , we felt quite relieved. （欣慰）（He was taken good care of. ） She fell asleep with the light burning. （The light was burning. ） With her hair gone , there could be no use for them.Her hair was gone. ）2. 在 with 结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词例如 He

26、 could not finish it without me to help him.巩固练习 11. BBC English broadcasts programmes for China explanation in Chinese.A. in2. The young woman a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.A. with C. onD. like3. Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.A. asB. with C. for D.

27、on4. so many homework to do, Mary won t have time to play with her friends this morning.A. Without B. With C. ByD. Because5. the door is open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.A If B. As C. WithD. Because of6. his mother was out, he had to stay at home alone.A. As C. if D. With7. all th

28、ings are considered, her proposal is of greater than hisA. LikeC. If D. Without8. time permits, we will visit the Summer Palace.A. ByB. On C. With巩固练习 21. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it.（ 2007 安徽）A. finishedB. finishing C. having finished D. was finished2. Now that we ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions （2009 全国卷 1）A. takingB. take C. takenD. to take3. You have no idea how she finished the relay race, her foot was wounded so much.A. forB. as C. with D. while4. Come on,