英语句子分类讲解与专项练习

1、句子 the sentences知识要点：句子按使用的目的可分为四类：1 、陈述句2 、疑问句3、祈使句4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1 、简单句2 、并列句3、复合句一、句子的种类（ kinds of sentences ）1 、陈述句：（ 1 ）肯定句： we love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。2）否定句：they don t go to work on sundays. 他们星期日不上班。说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。2、疑问句：（ 1 ）一般疑问句：are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？yes, i am. 是的，我是工人。haven t

2、you seen the film? no, i haven t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词 be 开始的问句。回答要用 yes 或 no。（ 2 ）特殊疑问句：who is the man? 这人是谁？when do you watch tv? 你什么时间看电视？what are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？说明： 以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序 （或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）（ 3 ）选择疑问句：do you want tea or coffee? either will do.你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。

3、does he learn japanese or french? he learns french.他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。（ 4 ）反意疑问句：they are going to the airpor t, aren t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？you haven t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。he seldom went to bed at ten

4、, did he?他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？he knows little russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。3. 祈使句：a 陈述句：be sure to get there at eight.八点钟一定要到那儿。b 否定句：don t worry. i ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。4. 感叹句：感叹句通常有what, how 引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感

5、情。what 修饰名词， how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。how +形容词+ a + 名词 + 陈述语序。例如： how clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！how播容词或副词+陈述语序。例如： how lovely the baby is!小毛头真可爱！what + 名词 + 陈述语序。例如： what noise they are making! 他们真吵！what +a/an+ 形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：what a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！what+ 形容词 +复数名词

6、 +陈述语序。例如： what wonderful ideas （ we have ） ! 我们的主意真棒！what+ 形容词 +不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：what cold weather it is! 多冷的天！what a clever boy he is! 的省略形式为： what a clever boy!what + n. ：what great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！what a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！ how + adj. ： how brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！ ho

7、w + adv. ：how hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！how time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！how + adj. + a （an） + n.how nice a boy （he is） ！ =what a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。二、句子的类型（ types of sentences ）1 、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+一个谓语，例：the girl plays the piano every day.那女孩每天弹钢琴。两个主语+一

8、个谓语，例：tom and i are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。一个主语+两个谓语，例：he opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：mr and mrs smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends.史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：hello! 喂！help! help! 救命啊！救命！many thanks. 万分感谢。2 、简单句的基本句型（ the basic se

9、ntence patterns ） 句型结构：（ 1 ）主语+不及物动词：s + vi. ，例：birds fly. 鸟飞they disappeared. 他们消失了。（ 2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语： s + v + p ，例：she is a university student.她是一名大学生。he has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。（ 3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语： s + vt + o ，例：he likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。we help each other. 我们互相帮助。（ 4 ）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：

10、s + vt + o + o ，例：i told my friend the good news.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。they sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。（ 5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语： s + vt + o + c ，例：they named the boy jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。i want everything ready by eight o clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。注： s = subject （主语） vi=intransitive verbs （不及物动词） vt=transitive verb

11、 （及物动 词）p=predicative（表语）o=object （宾语）c=complement补语重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：（ 1 ）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not 或 no （= not a /any） 构成的，除not 和 no 外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely,rarely 等。（ 2 ）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。否定的主语：nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。

12、none of the students like the novel.no student here studies russian. 否定的宾语：we saw nothing in the darkness.he will borrow the book from nobody.没有学生喜欢这本小说。 这里没有一个学生学俄语。在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。you must remember not to be late for class.否定的状语：they came here not by bike but on foot.他从谁那都借不来这本书。你必须记住上课不准迟到。他不是骑车来的而是

13、走着来的。we could find him nowhere.我们什么地方也找不到他。(3)不定代词 all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。all the trees here are not apple trees. ( = not all the trees here are apple trees.)这里的树并非都是苹果树。(有的是苹果树，有的不是。)both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = not both of the sisters are nurses.)这姐儿俩并不都是护士。everybody

14、 can t do it. (= not everybody can do it.)并不是人人都能做这件事。【专项训练】：二陈述句和疑问句：1、they _a. willhappy when they hear theb. will benews.c.wered. don t2、“is your uncle a driver?3、a.c.weno, but my aunt is no, he doesn tb.d.yes, but my anut isyes, he does4、a. don thesatisfied with their work.b. are not coffee at a

15、ll. hec.wontea.d. weren t beingb.d.a. doesn t like, prefersc. would like, not prefers likes, doesn t prefer prefers, is not fond of5、6、shea. seesmy grandmame only twice since last year.b. was seeingc.in the country. now shehas seend. have seen in the city.a. used to live, livesc. uses to live, is li

16、vingb. used to living, livedd. was used to live, lives7、youmake such mistakes again.8、a. should neverc. would always not “can you drive a car?9、a. yes, and jim can t tooc. no, but jim can, too“are you going to the super market?a. i cycle therec. to the work10、in england teawith milk or11、a. usually

17、drinksc. usually is drunk“is she going to the post office?a. she doesn tc. to the shops12、tomlike reading at all. he13、a. doesn t, is whenb. doesn 1 home from work?b.d.d.d.should not always would not foreverb. yes, but jim can t no, but jim can t no, . ”b. i walk therei ve already been theresugar in

18、 it.b. is usually drunkd. drank usuallya k ino, t, wereb. she goes by biked. she s on the bikeinterested in playing basketball.c. is, doesd. was, isa. do your parents comeb. does your parents comec. have your parentsd. our parents come14、which of the studentsthe examination?a. not passb. didn t pass

19、c. passd. didn t passed15、theytrouble lifting the heavy box.a. didn t have manyb. hadn t a lot ofc. didn t have muchd. haven t a great deal of16-did you have breakfast this morning? “ ” .a. yes, i hadb. yes, i didc. no, i hadn td. no, i didn t have.17、colour is the cover of the dictionary? a. whatb.

20、 whichc. howd. whose18、“does he brush hi s teeth a day? twice.”a. what timeb. how longc. whend. how many times19、there are many pictures on the wall.do you like best?a. whatb. which onec. which of the pictured. which one picture20、since when her?a. did you knowb. have you knownc. do you knowd. you k

21、now21、“that ten pound note belongs to me. .a. yes, it isb. yes, it belongsc. no it doesn td. no, it isn t22、“would you rather wait or come back later?”.a. id rather come backb. yes, i d rather notwaitc. no, i d rather waitd. to come back23、“shoes do you take? size 42.”a. which numberb. what numberc.

22、 what sized. what24、“is the weather like today?it s windy.”a. whatb. howc. what kindd. which25、would you read my composition and correct the mistakes,?a. if haveb. if anyc. if everd. if not26、is the distance between these two villages?a. how farb. whatc. how longd. how much27、do you go to the cinema

23、? twice a month.a. how many timeb. how muchc. how longd. how often28、howit in english?a. you sayb. do you speak c . do you sayd. to speak29、is the population of the city?a. how muchb. how manyc. howd. what30、did she get this information?a. whom b. whoc. whered. what31、does your watch cost? two hundr

24、ed yuan.a. how many b. what pricec. whatd. how expensive32、aboutdo you want to know more?a. whom b. whoc. whichd. what33-we haven t heard from jane for a long time.what do you suppose to her.a. was happeningb. to happenc. has happenedd. having happened34-have you heard the news about jim?no. what?a.

25、 is itb. it isc. are they d. they are35-would you rather go there by train or by air?a. yes, i wouldb. no, i wouldntc. yes, by aird. by air36、 i go oryou go yourself?a. will willb. shall - shallc. shall willd. will shall37、 do you think the question easy or not?a. yes, i dob. no, i don tc. it is eas

26、yd. yes, it s easy38、shall we stay at home or to the park?a. to gob. goingc. god. will go39、 writer is better known in china, charles dickens or mark twain?a. whichever b. whetherc. whatd. which40-was the nanjing-changjiang bridge open to traffic?it was open to traffic in 1968.a. whatb. what time c.

27、 how long d. when二、感叹句、祈使句41、from beijing to london!42、a. how long way it isb. what a long way it isc. what a long way is itd. how long a way is itoh, john, you gave us!43、a. how a pleasant surpriseb. how pleasant surprisec. what a pleasant surprised. what pleasant surpriseterrible weather we ve bee

28、n having these days!44、a. how ab. what ac. howd. whatgirl she is!45、a. what bright ab. how a brightc. how bright and. what a brightwe have today?46、a. how fine dayb. what fine dayc. how a fine dayd. what a fine dayhowflowers are!47、a. beautifulb. beautifullyc. beautiful thed.how!48、a. does time flyb

29、. times flyc. time flieswhatwork he does!49、a. harderb. hardc. hardlyd. hardestcareful our monitor is!50、a. how ab. howc. what ad. whatadvice he gave us!51、a. what ab. how good c . what goodd. howpicture it is!52、a. what wonderfulb. how a wonderfulc. what wonderful ad. how wonderful ai wish to pay a

30、 visit to hongkong!53、a. how dob. what doc. whatd. howhardworking students they are!54、a. whatb. what ac. what and. howlong time it lasted!55、a. whatb. what ac. howd. how adown the radio. the baby s sleeping in the next room.a. turningb. to turnc. turnd. turnedbeautiful thatd. flies time56、let s foo

31、tball in the street.a. not to playb. not playc. don t playd. not playing57、careful when you cross the street.a. don t beb. do bec. beingd. do58、 the childall day long!a. let, not to cryb. not let, cryc. don t let, to cryd. don t let, cry59、 afraid of make mistakes!a. don t beb. not to bec. not being

32、60、 me again before coming.a. callingb. to callc. do callingd.三、反意疑问句61、you d like some coffee,?a. weren t you b . wouldn t youc. hadn t youcalld.d. be notshouldn t you62、i don t think he will come to the meeting,a. will heb. won t hec. do id.?am i63、harry and his brother promised to work harder,a.

33、do theyb. don t theyc. did theyd.didn.t they64、his father knows little about it,he?a. doesb. doesn tc. is hed. isn 65、we all like reading story books,?a. do web. do youc. don t wetd.don t you66、my sister seldom goes to the theatreshe?a. doesn tb. doesc. isd. isn t67、your father promised to buy a com

34、puter for you,a. often, didb. never, didn tc. already, didhe?d. never, did68、be sure to write to us,?a. will youb. aren t youc. would youd.can you69、don t smoke in the meetingroom, you?a.do youb. will youc.wouldd.70、 it s fine today. let s go fishing,?a.will web. shall wec.do wed.candont we71、mary h

35、as few friend in japan,she?a. hasb. don tc. doesn td.hasn t72、there is a beautiful lake in this city,a.isn t itb. isn t therec .is it73、 there is nothing wrong with my bike,?a.is itb. isn t therec .isn t it74、he comes late sometimes, ?a. isn t heb. comes hec. doesn t he?d.d. hasn t itd. is thereis h

36、e75 you are not a new comer, are you?. i came here only yesterday.a. no, i amb. yes, i amc. no, i m notd .yes, i m not.76、she could hardly believe it,?a. couldn t sheb. could shec. didn t shed. did she77、you needn t go, ?a.can youb. must youc.need youd.may you78、you must work hard from now on, ?a.ca

37、n youb. won t youc.mustn t youd.needn t you79、after walking so long a way, you must have been tired,you?a. wereb. havec. haven t d. mustn t80、he must have left home yesterday, he?a. hasn t b. didn tc. mustn td. needn t81、you don t think i m going out in such wet weather,?a. am ib. do youc. don t you

38、d.do i82、you d better call in a doctor for your mother, a. hadb. wouldc. hadn t83、you need to come earlier,you?a. don t youb. needn tc. don t84、you dare not go alone,you?a.don tb.doc.dare85、he shouldn t drink so much,he?a.shouldb.oughtc.would86、nothing can stop us doing that,?a.can web.cant wec.can

39、t it87、i m late for the meeting,?a.amh t ib.aren t ic.don t i88、nobody but i knows japanese in my class,a.does heb.doesnt he c.do they89、none of the workers attended the party,a.did theyb.did hec.didn t heyou?d. wouldn td. won td. daren td. willd. can itd. aren t you ?d. don t they ?d. didn t they90、everythi