[初二英语]八年级英语下册 现在完成时讲解和练习 人教新目标版

1、现在完成时练习现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一

2、段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。3结构1） 陈述句结构：主语have( has)（not）+过去分词其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2） 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )主语过去分词其它？3） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has) +主语+ 过去分词其它？eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasnt finished

3、 his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet. （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强

4、调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the

5、Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you m

6、et him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？ （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here

7、 begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to k

8、now know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果

9、或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They ha

10、ve been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿

11、。现在完成时练习Exercises7A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never

12、 _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。Where is Jack? He _ his country.John _ England since he came back.How long _ have _ this village?The Smiths _ Beijing for years._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.

13、I _ this school since three years ago.C）选择填空 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before ,_he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, _she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.How long _he_ the l

14、ibrary book .(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He _to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( )6.They_China for two years (A)ha

15、ve been to (B)have been in(c)have gone to (D)have come toExercises10A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA

16、 since _ _.I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be outHe came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become beI became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teache

17、r for _ _.The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw. be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep be

18、asleep finish/end be over marry be marriedI got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.The

19、y married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be onI began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know knowThey b

20、orrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/t

21、he Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the armyHe joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother

22、 _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.C）选择填空( )2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died( )3.I have _this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He _his home for te

23、n years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from( )5.He _a league member for three years (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( )7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever si

24、nce he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away Exercises 11 选择填空( )1. Have you finished your homeworkYes, I _it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2. _you ever _to NanjingYes, I _there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went(C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo,

25、has , been( )3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _here for two years(A)didmeet, havent seen (B)didmeet, havent seen(C)didmeet, dont see (D)wouldmeet, hadnt seen( )4.when_ you to Beijing?( )3.He _finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have( )1.Have you _traveled on the train.

26、Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.Have you finished your homework Not_ .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We havent finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.Have you_ learned English?Yes, Ive _learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)alr

27、eady. ever( )5.Have you finished your homework _?Yes, Ive _done that (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )6.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yetExercises4 A）用since和for填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month4) _

28、 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here 4B）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from

29、the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.( )1.Ive been like this ever since _ (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since( )3. I havent heard from him _last week.(A)since

30、(B) for (C)ago (D)before( )4.His father joined the party_(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)three years ago (D)in two years time 51. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , _? A. so they B. dont they C.

31、have they D. havent they3. I like Hainan. I _there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months. A. did; buy B.

32、have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ f

33、or more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句）? 10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) _ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)12. This factory opened twenty years ago.

34、(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _ for twenty years.13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上） _ two years_ the Green family moved to France.15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）现在完成时与中考题选择填空。 1I_ a letter from h

35、im since he left（天津市） Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have to Dazhu with my friends（重庆市） Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone 3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing（沈阳市） Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5Youv