广播电视大学《混凝土结构设计原理》期末复习计算题考试资料参考小抄

1、电大混凝土结构设计原理期末复习计算题考试资料小抄1已知钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁，采用20号混凝土(r。- llmpa)和级钢筋(rg=1.解：(1)计算混凝土受压区高度z由则有效高度由得1钢筋混凝土梁截面尺寸6200ram，h=450ram，混凝土c30，钢筋采用hrb335级，环境类别为一类。梁承担的弯矩设计值受拉钢筋较多，需布置两排，取，求：所需的纵向受力钢筋的值。已知：解：)解：(1)计算受压钢筋为使总用钢量最小，取(2)计算受拉钢筋2钢筋混凝土矩形截面简支梁，截面尺寸为混凝土强度等级为c25，箍筋为hrb335仅配箍筋试求出该梁斜截面所能承受的均布荷载设计值q。已知：解：(1)计算简支梁所

2、能承担的剪力(2)该梁斜截面所能承受的均布荷载设计值q则1已知钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁，采用25号混凝土和级钢筋1承受计算弯矩，选用梁断面为，试用基本公式求所需的钢筋面积a9提示解：(1)计算混凝土受压区高度z由则有效高度由得(大于梁高，舍)解方程得(2)计算受拉钢筋截面面积ag由2轴心受压构件截面尺寸，计算长度采用30号混凝土，纵向钢筋采用级钢筋，箍筋采用i钢筋，作用轴向设计压力试求纵向受压钢筋。；工作条件系数；混凝土安全系数提示解：(1)计算钢筋混凝土构件的纵向弯曲系数计算，查表得(2)计算纵筋面积(3)配筋率验算可以故受压纵筋最小配筋率，满足要求。1已知钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁，承受计算弯矩采用

3、20号混凝土，级钢筋梁截面尺寸求钢筋面积(已知且解：2轴心受压构件截面尺寸，计算长度，采用30号混凝土，纵向钢筋采用ll级钢筋，箍筋采用l钢筋，作用轴向设计压力试求纵向受压钢筋。工作条件系数混凝土安全系数解：1已知钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁，采用25号混凝土和级钢筋340mpa)承受计算弯矩选用梁断面为试用基本公式求所需的钢筋面积(已知且分)解：(1)计算混凝土受压区高度2 。由则有效高度由得解方程得分)(2)计算受拉钢筋截面面积由分)2轴心受压构件截面尺寸计算长度采用30号混凝土，纵向钢筋采用级钢筋，箍筋采用i钢筋，作用轴向设计压力试求纵向受压钢筋。工作条件系数混凝土安全系数分)解：(1)计算钢筋

4、混凝土构件的纵向弯曲系数够计算查表得(2)计算纵筋面积(3分)分)(3)配筋率验算可以故受压纵筋最小配筋率，满足要求。(2分)1已知钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁，采用20号混凝土(r。一llmpa)和级钢筋(r9一340mpa)承受计算弯矩mi-90knin，选用梁截面为20cmx 50cm。试用基本公式求所需的钢筋面积ag(设a=40mm，毛。=055，7。一丫。一125，p。；。=010)。 1解： (1)计算混凝土受压区高度x由a=40mm 则有效高度ho=500-40=460mm由得解方程(2)计算受拉钢筋截面面积ag由agrg=r。6z 2一连接的构造如图所示，两块a板用对接焊缝与立柱焊连，

5、8板与a板用8个高强螺栓连接。构件钢材为a3钢，其容许应力为d一140mpa，o。一145mpa，r一85mpa。设对接焊缝的强度与母材相同，不设引弧板。试求焊缝连接所能承受的荷载p。2解： 扣除两端的缺陷，焊缝的有效截面如右图所示。受力分析：剪力qpkn焊缝的有效截面求p由得由得故焊缝所能承受的荷载请您删除一下内容，o(_)o谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an american invention.

6、 from high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the national collegiate athletic association (ncaa) annual tournament and the national basketball association (nba) and womens national basketball associati

7、on (wnba) playoffs. and it has also made american heroes out of its player and coach legends like michael jordan, larry bird, earvin magic johnson, sheryl swoopes, and other great players. at the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. the space is a rectangular, indoor court. the

8、principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. the ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g)

9、. for players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measures 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. the covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers

10、only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. orange is the regulation color. at all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. the ball

11、 must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of the ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. the factory must test the balls, and the air pr

12、essure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. during the intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. on decemb

13、er 1, 1891, in springfield, massachusetts, james naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the international training school of the young mens christian association (ymca), which later became spr

14、ingfield college. naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. the peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketb

15、all. his students were excited about the game, and christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local ymcas about the game. the association leaders wrote to naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the triangle, the school newspaper, on

16、 january 15,1892. naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. the playing area was also open to all players, bu

17、t there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. to score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. the team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. early in the history of basketball, the local ymcas provided the gymnasi

18、ums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. the size of the local gym dictated the number of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. the team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the r

19、ules. the ymca lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. ymca membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. this led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at school

20、s and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. although basketball was born in the united states, five of naismiths original players were canadians, and the game spread to canada immediately. it was played in france by 1893; england in 1894; australia, china, and india between 189

21、5 and 1900; and japan in 1900. from 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. the first basketball was manufactured in 1894. it was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. the dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less

22、 than 20 oz (567 g). the first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. the rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. colleges and universities established their rules committees in

23、1905, the ymca and the amateur athletic union (aau) created a set of rules jointly, state militia groups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. a joint rules committee for colleges, the aau, and the ymca was created in 1915, and, under the name the national b

24、asketball committee (nbc) made rules for amateur play until 1979. in that year, the national federation of state high school associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the ncaa rules committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the armed

25、 forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. until world war ii, basketball became increasingly popular in the united states especially at the high school and college levels. after world war ii, its popularity grew around the world. in the 1980s, interest in the gam

26、e truly exploded because of television exposure. broadcast of the ncaa championship games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. players like bill russell, wilt chamberlain, and lew alcindor (kar

27、eem abdul-jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. the womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. television interest followed the women

28、as well with broadcast of ncaa championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation of the wnba in 1997. internationally, italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the united states, with national, corporate, and professional teams. the olympics boosts basket

29、ball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an olympic event in 1976. again, television coverage of the olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. the first professional mens basketball league in the united states was the

30、 national basketball league (nbl), which debuted in 1898. players were paid on a per-game basis, and this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. after the great depression, a new nbl was organized in 1937, and the basketball association of a

31、merica was organized in 1946. the two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the national basketball association (nba) in 1949. a rival american basketball associa

32、tion (aba) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the nba for college talent and market share for almost ten years. in 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as nba teams. unification came just in time for major television support. several womens professional leagues were attemp

33、ted and failed, including the womens professional basketball league (wbl) and the womens world basketball association, before the wnba debuted in 1997 with the support of the nba. james naismith, originally from al-monte, ontario, invented basketball at the international ymca training school in spri

34、ngfield, massachusetts, in 1891. the game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. as a result, it was originally a rough sport. although ten of naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game soon cha

35、nged considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. the first intercollegiate game was played in minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. a year later, the first five-man teams played at the university of chicago. baskets were now constru

36、cted of twine nets but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the nets were open. in 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. a year later, the first professional league was started, in the east, while in 190

37、0, the first intercollegiate league began. in 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. nonetheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, c

38、ollegians, or ymca players were involved. college basketball was played from texas to wisconsin and throughout the east through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. professional basketball was played almost exclusive

39、ly in the east before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. some were play

40、ed in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. until the late 1930s, all players used the two-hand set shot, and

41、scores remained low. basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more organized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. in the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. they were the new york original celt

42、ics; the cleveland rosenblums, owned by max rosenblum; eddie gottliebs philadelphia sphas (south philadelphia hebrew association); and two great black teams, the new york renaissance five and abe sapersteins harlem globetrotters, which was actually from chicago. while these teams had some notable pl

43、ayers, no superstars, such as babe ruth, jack dempsey, or red grange, emerged to capture the publics attention as they did in other sports of the period. the same was true in college basketball up until the late 1930s, with coaches dominating the game and its development. walter doc meanwell at wisc

44、onsin, forrest phog allen at kansas, ward piggy lambert at purdue, and henry doc carlson at pittsburgh all made significant contributions to the games development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. in the decade preceding world war ii, five events changed college basket

45、ball and allowed it to become a major spectator sport. in 1929, the rules committee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considerably. five years later, promoter edward ned irish staged the first intersectional twin bill in madison square garden in new york city

46、 and attracted more than 16,000 fans. he demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made new york its center. in december 1936, hank luisetti of stanford revealed the virtues of the one-handed shot to an amazed garden audience and became the first major collegiate star. soon thereafter, luise

47、tti scored an incredible fifty points against duquesne, thus ending the easts devotion to the set shot and encouraging a more open game. in consecutive years the center jump was eliminated after free throws and then after field goals, thus speeding up the game and allowing for more scoring. in 1938,

48、 irish created the national invitation tournament (nit) in the garden to determine a national champion. although postseason tournaments had occurred before, the nit was the first with major colleges from different regions and proved to be a great financial success. the national collegiate athletic a

49、ssociation (ncaa) created its own postseason tournament in 1939 but did not rival the nit in prestige for some time. the 1940s saw significant changes for college basketball. players began using the jump shot after kenny sailors of wyoming wowed the east with it in 1943. the behind-the-back dribble

50、and pass also appeared, as did exceptional big men. bob kurland at oklahoma a&m was almost seven feet tall and george mikan at depaul was six feet ten inches. while kurland had perhaps the better college career and played in two olympics, he chose not to play professional ball, whereas mikan became

51、the first dominant star in the pros. their defensive play inspired the rule against goal tending (blocking a shot on its downward flight). adolph rupp, who played under phog allen, also coached the first of his many talented teams at kentucky in that decade. however, in 1951, rupp and six other coac

52、hes suffered through a point-shaving scandal that involved thirty-two players at seven colleges and seriously injured college basketball, particularly in new york, where four of the seven schools were located. while the game survived, the ncaa moved its tournament away from madison square garden to

53、different cities each year and the nits prestige began to decline. professional basketball remained a disorganized and stodgy sport up until the late 1940s, with barnstorming still central to the game and most players still using the set shot. in 1946, however, hockey owners, led by maurice podoloff

54、, created the basketball association of america (baa) in the east to fill their arenas, but few fans came, even after joe fulks of philadelphia introduced the jump shot. the baas rival, the national basketball league, had existed since the 1930s, had better players, like mikan of the minneapolis lak

55、ers, bob davies of the rochester royals, and dolph shayes of the syracuse nationals, but operated in much worse facilities and did not do much better at attracting audiences. in 1948, podoloff lured the lakers, royals, and two other teams to the baa and proposed a merger of the two leagues for the 1

56、9491950 season. the result was the national basketball association (nba), with podoloff its first commissioner. the seventeen-team league struggled at first but soon reduced its size and gained stability, in large part because of mikans appeal and podoloffs skills. despite the point-shaving scandal,

57、 college ball thrived in the 1950s, largely because it had prolific scorers and more great players than in any previous decade. frank selvy of furman and paul arizin of villanova both averaged over forty points early in the decade, while clarence bevo francis of tiny rio grande college in ohio amaze

58、d fans by scoring 116 points in one game while averaging 50 per game for a season. the decade also witnessed some of the most talented and complete players ever. tom gola at lasalle, bill russell at san francisco, wilt chamberlain at kansas, elgin baylor at seattle, jerry west at west virginia, and oscar robertson at cincinnati, all had phenomenal skills that have since been t