英语专业毕业论文四字格的翻译

1、 编号 南京航空航天大学金城学院毕业论文题 目the translation of four-character chinese structure四字格的翻译学生姓名学 号学 院英语系专 业英语（商务翻译）班 级指导教师二一一年六月南京航空航天大学金城学院本科毕业设计（论文）诚信承诺书本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计（论文）（题目：the translation of four-character chinese structure）是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。尽本人所知，除了毕业设计（论文）中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本毕业设计（论文）不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写

2、的成果作品。作者签名： 年 月 日 （学号）： 毕业论文专用纸acknowledgementsmy thanks go to all people who have helped me with the challenging endeavor of my thesis writing. first, i would like to extend the earnest thanks to my supervisor, zhang liming, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all

3、 the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. she inspired me to pay more attention to other varieties of methods of translation other than those common ones. i thank her for generously sharing her

4、 knowledge and time, for being patient with my questions. second, i am grateful to the professors and teachers at the english department in jincheng college of nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics, who have offered me informative and enlightening courses in the past few years. last my

5、thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course

6、of the thesis. table of contents abstract摘 要.introduction.1. methods of translating consecutive four-character chinese structures.3 a. general study.3b. transfer3c. division .4d. subtraction.4e. metaphrase.5. transferring the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure in english version.6 a

7、. a brief study of the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure in terms of translation. 6b. strategies used to translate the relational rhetoric devices .61. metonymy. 72. periphrasis.73. hypallage.74. irony.75. 断取.86. rhyme.87. 统括.88. 联边.99. 叠字.910. acronym9 conclusion.11references.12 毕

8、业论文专用纸the translation of four-character chinese structureabstractfour-character chinese structure is phrase made up of four chinese characters in structure; it originates from the long chinese history and the conventional usage of this structure for many generations of chinese people. four-character

9、 chinese structure is so widely used in daily life of chinese that no one could even speak out an authentic chinese sentence without it. this paper briefly introduces the methods of translating consecutive four-character chinese structures, namely transferring, division, subtraction and metaphrase.

10、then it points out that four-character chinese structure has its own rhetoric beauty which is often omitted when translating. the beauty of it can be perceived as rhythmic beauty and metrical beauty, associational beauty and implied beauty, balanced beauty and symmetrical beauty. what is of importan

11、ce and necessity in this paper is that the rhetoric beauty is expressed by various kinds of chinese rhetoric devices, transferring the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure in english version is the same as translating various chinese rhetoric devices which contain metonymy, periphrasi

12、s, hypallage, irony, rhyme, 断取，统联边，叠字and abbreviation. finally, it concludes some enlightenment from the methods of translating four-character chinese structure for students who want to translate that specific structure well, they should adopt appropriate methods of translation, be accomplished both

13、 in chinese and english literature, be familiar with the background information behind four-character chinese structure and be proficient in both chinese and english rhetoric devices.key words: four-character chinese structure; methods of translation; transferring the rhetoric beauty; enlightenment

14、四字格的翻译摘 要 四字格是由四个中文字构成的短语结构，它源于中国悠久的历史和一代代中国人对四字格的习惯性使用。四字格在中国人的日常生活中用途广泛，缺了四字格人们便很难说出一句地道的中文。 本文简单介绍了四字格群的翻译方法，即转换法，拆分法，缩减法和顺应法。接着论文指出了四字格具有其特殊的修辞美，人们在翻译四字格时却一直对此予以忽略。四字格的修辞美可以分为节奏美和韵律美，联系美和含蓄美，均衡美和对称美。尤其重要和不可或缺的是本文指出了四字格的修辞美是通过汉语的修辞手法表现出来的。如何把这种修辞美传递到英语译文中即是如何翻译好汉语修辞手法的问题。这些修辞手法包括转喻，折绕，移就，反语，脚韵，断取

15、，统括，联边，叠字和紧缩。最后，从四字格的翻译方法中文章概括了一些启示给那些想译好四字格的同学，即使用恰当的翻译方法，精通中英文学，了解四字格的背景知识和熟练运用中英修辞手法。关键词：四字格；翻译方法；修辞美的传递；启示- - 12 - -the translation of four-character chinese structureintroductiona. a brief introduction to four-character chinese structurefour-character chinese structure is phrase made up of four

16、 chinese characters in structure; it originates from the long chinese history and the conventional usage of this structure for many generations of chinese people. four-character chinese structure is so widely used in daily life of chinese that no one could even speak out an authentic chinese sentenc

17、e without it. naturally, consecutive four-character chinese structures are those structures put in one sentence or passage in sequence. they share the same context and there is of course logical connection between them.in recent years, as the contact between china and western countries becomes more

18、and more frequent, the methods of translating four-character chinese structure develops with each passing day, now the methods of translating four-character chinese structure are systematic and practical. what people are recently aware of is that when translating four-character chinese structure the

19、 rhetoric beauty of them should also be transferred into the english version and translators of various backgrounds are working on it.b. the significance of the studyin the past researches, ni danlie did research on the methods of translating four-character chinese structure in strategies of handlin

20、g four-character chinese structure in english teaching in 2002, pointing out that whey translating single four-character chinese structure methods such as literal translation, free translation literal translation plus explanation, literal translation plus free translation and appliance of english id

21、ioms.(ni danlie, 2002:15) in 2004, ding anyi analyzed numerous four-character chinese structure and summarized the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure. the rhetoric beauty can be summed up as rhythmic beauty and metrical beauty, associational beauty and implied beauty, balanced beaut

22、y and symmetrical beauty. (ding anyi, 2004:33)this paper analyzes some examples relating to consecutive four-character chinese structures and their respective methods of translation and then, it points out the methods of transferring the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure into engli

23、sh version. finally, it concludes some enlightenment for english majors: when translating four-character chinese structure the background information hidden behind should be taken into consideration and methods of translation should be adopted in an appropriate way. methods of translating consecutiv

24、e four-character chinese structuresa. general study as having studied for many years on the issue of translating consecutive four-character chinese structures, the author found that what is the most of deference between single four-character chinese structure and consecutive ones is that there on oc

25、casion exists a logic flow in consecutive four-character chinese structures. as a result, while translating them the logic flow must be taken good care of. that is also one of the keys dealing with the problem.as is generally known by all of us, some of the consecutive four-character chinese structu

26、res have repetition in meaning in order to gain the inseminating effect of expression, so subtraction of same meaning is the other key solving the problem of translating consecutive four-character chinese structures.the respective methods are transfer, division, subtraction and metaphrase. b. transf

27、er例：本品味道鲜美、营养丰富、物美价廉，可供现货。each of the four consecutive chinese structures in the sentence describes one aspect of the product introduced in the advertisement, and each of the aspects does not influence each other in logic. that means each of the consecutive four-character chinese structures exists c

28、omparatively separate, as a result the sentence of english version can be arranged and organized as one without a logic center, namely a parallel sentence in form. what is also must be noticed is that four-character chinese structure has a characteristic of being concise, it uses only four chinese c

29、haracters to express a matter that would request more words if is stated in an ordinary sentence, so being concise has to be remembered when translating.adjective phrase or other kind of english phrase is known to be concise in nature; as a result using english phrase to translate four-character chi

30、nese structure is the best choice under the circumstances. that is also a process transferring four-character chinese structure into english phrase, so the method is called transfer which applies specifically for the kind of consecutive four-character chinese structures being concise without sequent

31、ial logic. the sentence set as an example can be translated as below:delicious, nutritious and a good buy. available from stock.the advertisement in chinese is very easily accepted among the people and the english version seems authentic for english-speaking westerners. those consecutive four-charac

32、ter chinese structures transfer into adjective phrases, and both of them match each other well.c. division例：作为世界第一大洲，亚洲幅员辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。幅员辽阔 is a four-character chinese structure meaning a vast land. 人口众多and资源丰富describe the land in terms of population and resources. as can be seen clearly, t

33、he three four-character chinese structures in the sentence are not equal in logic and do not exist separately. the subsequent two are attached to the first one in order to introduce two aspects of the peculiarities of the land mentioned in the first one. obviously, the first one is the logic center

34、and it must be taken good care of in translation. as a result the sentence of english version can be arranged and organized as one with a logic center, namely subordinative compound. to translate such kind of consecutive four-character chinese structure well, translator has to use a method called di

35、vision to divide those four-character chinese structures into two parts: those which are able to be logic center and those which are not.the sentence set as an example can be translated as below:asia, the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resourc

36、es and enormous potential for development.the three consecutive four-character chinese structures in the original text are put orderly and the english version contains a subordinative compound with a logic center. the english version seems orderly and is strictly stick to the logic form.d. subtracti

37、on例：有的地方和部门甚至出现了“上有政策、下有对策”、有令不行、有禁不止的现象。chinese is a language which especially more emphasizes its form than its content. this lingual phenomenon can be clearly observed in four-character chinese structure. sometimes part of the consecutive four-character chinese structures has repetition in meanin

38、g in order to gain effect of expression or purely for the making of language beauty. quite the opposite, english is a language which emphasizes more its content. it does not allow repetitive words of the same meaning to describe only one matter.有令不行、有禁不止contains the same meaning of what is expressed

39、 in上有政策、下有对策. as required by english as a language itself, a method called subtraction can be applied. subtraction means deletion of the extra consecutive four-character chinese structures in translation. as a result, translator just needs to translate 有令不行、有禁不止，which is enough for the meaning expre

40、ssed by the whole consecutive four-character chinese structures.the sentence set as an example can be translated as below:some localities and departments even went so far as to disobey orders and defy prohibitions.the english version avoids strategically the repetition in meaning.e. metaphrase例：要不断解

41、放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、开拓创新。some kind of consecutive four-character chinese structures do not have a logic center while using simple english phrases can not express the whole meaning of the original text. whats more, there also does not exist repetition in meaning. under the circumstances, a method called me

42、taphrase, namely literal translation, is considered the best choice.the sentence set as an example can be translated as below:we should continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times and make innovations in a pioneering spirit.what should be noticed is that metaphr

43、ase is not the mainstream strategy dealing with the translation of consecutive four-character chinese structures. being prior to the meaning and break down the shackle of form is the main idea a good translator should hold when translating consecutive four-character chinese structures.ii. transferri

44、ng the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure in english versiona. a brief study of the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure in terms of translationfour-character chinese structure has its own rhetoric beauty which can be perceived as rhythmic beauty and metrical beauty,

45、associational beauty and implied beauty, balanced beauty and symmetrical beauty. (ding anyi, 2004:33) rhythmic beauty is the beauty of the level and oblique tone of four-character chinese structure and metrical beauty is the beauty of rhyming. associational beauty associates historical events of chi

46、na and implied beauty implies the language environment. balanced beauty and symmetrical beauty emphasizes the beauty of the form of four-character chinese structure. what must be noticed is that rhythmic beauty and associational beauty can not be transferred into english version for english as a lan

47、guage itself does not have the level and oblique tone and westerners are not familiar with the historical events of china, adding explanation for those historical events makes the english version cumbrous. as a result what can be transferred are metrical beauty, implied beauty, balanced beauty and s

48、ymmetrical beauty.the rhetoric beauty of four-character chinese structure is expressed by several chinese rhetoric devices, so to transfer the rhetoric beauty well is equal to the good translation of those chinese rhetoric devices. the rhetoric devices which express implied beauty are metonymy, peri

49、phrasis, hypallage, irony and 断取. that which expresses metrical beauty is rhyme. those which express balanced beauty and symmetrical beauty are统括，联边，叠字 and acronym.b. strategies used to translate the relational rhetoric devices general principle: be prior to literal translation, free translation is

50、applied when literal translation can not be chosen. when literal translation and free translation are both not available for some of the rhetoric devices can not be translated, remedy is the last resort for a good translation.1. metonymy 例：投笔从戎 译：throw away the pen and take up the sword in defense o

51、f the country 不必译为：give up intellectual pursuits for a military career metonymy is a rhetoric device which emphasizes some part of the information of the matter referred to represent the whole matter. the information may about the characteristic of the matter, the whereabouts of the matter, the mate

52、rial of the matter and so on. to translate metonymy well, literal translation is the method considered to be the most appropriate in the most extreme circumstance.2. periphrasis 例：一夜也不曾合眼。 译：he did not close his eyes throughout the night. periphrasis is a rhetoric device which does not use a direct

53、way to refer to a matter, but to talk in a roundabout way. in the example the author uses eyes not closed to refer to being sleepless. periphrasis can be translated with the method of literal translation.3. hypallage 例：她在度过欢乐的一天之后，却又熬过一个不眠之夜。 译：after a happy day, she had a sleepless night. hypallage

54、 is a rhetoric device which uses adjectives for person to describe a matter abstract or concrete. to use literal translation expresses well the magical effect of hypallage.4. irony 例：周蘩漪：你这一次到矿上去，也是学着你父亲的英雄榜样，把一个真正明白你，爱你的人丢开不管么？（曹禺：雷雨） 译：and the reason why you are going away to the mine is that your

55、e following your fathers heroic example and throwing over the one person who really understands and loves you? irony is a rhetoric device which uses words opposite in the meaning of what is actually expressed by the original text to express a matter. with the effect of irony, the original meaning se

56、t off by sarcasm outstands. using literal translation remains the effect of sarcasm of the original text, so the method of literal translation is considered to be the best choice.5. 断取 例：那时，周瑜是个“青年团员”，当东吴的统帅，程普等老将不服，后来说服了，还是由他当，结果打了胜仗。（毛泽东：青年团的工作要照顾青年的特点） 译：zhou yu, who was then a “youth league member” in age, was appointed commanding general of the wu army. c