高中语法复习 形容词和副词

1、五、形容词和副词五、形容词和副词 熟读深思熟读深思 1.1.熟读下列句子，看看形容词可作哪些成分。熟读下列句子，看看形容词可作哪些成分。 （1 1）This is an This is an interestinginteresting book. book. 这是一本有趣的书。（定语）这是一本有趣的书。（定语） （2 2）This book is This book is interestinginteresting. . 这本书很有趣。（表语）这本书很有趣。（表语） （3 3）I find the book I find the book interestinginteresting. .

2、我觉得这我觉得这 本书很有趣。（宾语补足语）本书很有趣。（宾语补足语） （4 4）I have something I have something importantimportant to tell to tell you. you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（后置定语）我有重要的事情要告诉你。（后置定语） 2.2.副词在句中作状语，看看可修饰哪些词。副词在句中作状语，看看可修饰哪些词。 （1 1）Its raining Its raining heavilyheavily. .雨下得很大。雨下得很大。 （修饰动词）（修饰动词） （2 2）Youre Youre quitequite rig

3、ht. right.你非常正确。（修你非常正确。（修 饰形容词）饰形容词） （3 3）Dont speak Dont speak tootoo fast. fast.不要说得太快。不要说得太快。 （修饰另一副词）（修饰另一副词） （4 4）Your coat is Your coat is just just behind the door.behind the door.你你 的上衣正好在门后。（修饰介词短语）的上衣正好在门后。（修饰介词短语） （5 5）LuckilyLuckily,he,he was saved. was saved.幸运的是，他得救幸运的是，他得救 了。（修饰句子）了。

4、（修饰句子） 归纳总结归纳总结 1.1.形容词的位置形容词的位置 一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。 但应注意以下情况：（但应注意以下情况：（1 1）形容词作定语修饰）形容词作定语修饰 any,noany,no（还有（还有every,anyevery,any）和）和thing,bodything,body（还有（还有 oneone）等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。）等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。 （2 2）以）以-able-able或或-ble-ble结尾的形容词可置于前面结尾的形容词可置于前面 有形容词的最高级或有形容词的最高级或onlyonl

5、y等词修饰的名词的后等词修饰的名词的后 面。面。 （3 3）形容词短语作定语时放在名词后面。）形容词短语作定语时放在名词后面。 （4 4）当形容词）当形容词+ +不定式构成的短语作定语时，需不定式构成的短语作定语时，需 后置。后置。 2.2.多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序 当两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，当两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时， 与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名 词，如密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在词，如密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在 前，音节多的在后。常用的顺序为：限定词前，音节多的

6、在后。常用的顺序为：限定词 （如（如thethe）+ +数量形容词（如数量形容词（如firstfirst）+ +描绘性形容描绘性形容 词（如词（如beautifulbeautiful）+ +大小、长短、高低的形容大小、长短、高低的形容 词（如词（如littlelittle）+ +新旧、颜色的形容词（如新旧、颜色的形容词（如 whitewhite）+ +国籍形容词（如国籍形容词（如ChineseChinese）+ +材料、用材料、用 途的形容词、名词（如途的形容词、名词（如woodwood）+ +名词中心词（如名词中心词（如 bridgebridge）。）。 3.3.形容词作状语形容词作状语 形

7、容词作状语不表示动作的方式，而是表示伴形容词作状语不表示动作的方式，而是表示伴 随或结果。随或结果。 4.4.副词的位置副词的位置 （1 1）副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面）副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面 或动词的前后。有时副词置于句首可修饰全或动词的前后。有时副词置于句首可修饰全 句，作评论性状语。句，作评论性状语。 （2 2）enoughenough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时，作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时， 要放在所修饰词的后面。要放在所修饰词的后面。 5.5.形容词、副词比较等级的常见结构形容词、副词比较等级的常见结构 （1 1）表示原级比较的结构有：）表示原级比较的结构有

8、：as+as+形容词形容词/ /副词副词 原级原级+as,not+as,not so/as+ so/as+形容词形容词/ /副词原级副词原级+as,the+as,the same+ same+名词名词+as+as。 （2 2）表示比较级的结构有：形容词）表示比较级的结构有：形容词/ /副词比较级副词比较级 +than,the+than,the+ +比较级比较级.，the+the+比较级比较级.，the+the+ 比较级比较级+of the two+of the two+（名词）。（名词）。 （3 3）表示最高级的有：形容词）表示最高级的有：形容词/ /副词比较级副词比较级 +than+any+

9、than+any other+ other+单数名词单数名词/any of the /any of the other+ other+复数名词复数名词/anyone else/all the other+/anyone else/all the other+ 复数名词复数名词/the rest of+/the rest of+复数名词（或不可数名复数名词（或不可数名 词）。词）。 （4 4）用介词表示相差程度的有：形容词）用介词表示相差程度的有：形容词/ /副词比副词比 较级较级+than.+by.+than.+by.。 6.6.形容词、副词的最高级表示法形容词、副词的最高级表示法 最高级用于

10、三者或三者以上的比较，它们的常最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，它们的常 见表示法有：见表示法有：the+the+最高级最高级+of/among/in+of/among/in+复数名复数名 词，词，one of the+one of the+最高级最高级+ +复数名词，复数名词，of all+of all+复复 数名词，否定词数名词，否定词+ +比较级。比较级。 7.7.名不副实的比较级等级结构名不副实的比较级等级结构 more than+more than+名词，表示名词，表示“不仅仅，不只是不仅仅，不只是”， 相当于相当于not only;nonot only;no more than+ m

11、ore than+名词，表示名词，表示 “ “不超过，最多不超过，最多”，相当于，相当于at mostat most； more.than.more.than.表示表示“与其说与其说不如不如 说说；不是；不是而是而是”；no no sooner.than. sooner.than.表示表示“一一就就”； would rather.than.would rather.than.表示表示“宁愿宁愿不不 愿愿”。 8.8.修饰比较等级的常见词修饰比较等级的常见词 （1 1）even,aeven,a great deal great deal可用来修饰比较级，起可用来修饰比较级，起 加强语气的作用。除

12、此之外，还有加强语气的作用。除此之外，还有far,muchfar,much, , still,a little,a lot,any still,a little,a lot,any（用于否定句或疑（用于否定句或疑 问句），问句），by farby far（放在比较级后）（放在比较级后）,a bit,a bit, three times three times等。等。 （2 2）by farby far序数词可修饰最高级。除此之外序数词可修饰最高级。除此之外 nearly,almost,by no means,not really,notnearly,almost,by no means,not

13、 really,not quite,nothing quite,nothing like like等也可修饰最高级。等也可修饰最高级。 试题精选试题精选 1.What will you buy for your husbands 1.What will you buy for your husbands birthday birthday？ I want to buy a I want to buy a wallet for him. wallet for him. A.black A.black leather small leather small B.small B.small blac

14、k leather black leather C.small C.small leather black leather black D.black D.black small leather small leather 解析解析 根据多个形容词作定语词序排列规律根据多个形容词作定语词序排列规律 “ “限定描绘大、长、高限定描绘大、长、高, ,形状、年龄和新老形状、年龄和新老, ,颜颜 色、国籍和材料色、国籍和材料, ,作用类别往后靠作用类别往后靠”可知可知, ,选项选项 中三个限定词分别为中三个限定词分别为small(small(大、小大、小),black (),black (颜颜 色色)

15、,leather(),leather(材料材料) )。 B 2.The novel is,I have to say,not2.The novel is,I have to say,not a bit a bit interesting.How interesting.How do you find it do you find it？ Why! Its Why! Its that I have ever read. that I have ever read. A.a A.a less interesting less interesting B.a B.a more interesting

16、 more interesting C.a C.a most interesting most interesting D.the D.the most interesting most interesting 解析解析 根据句子意思可以知道根据句子意思可以知道, ,本题无比较之意本题无比较之意, , 而含有最高级含义而含有最高级含义, ,故应排除选项故应排除选项A A、B;B;选项选项C C中中 的的mostmost相当于相当于very,very,不符合句子意思。不符合句子意思。 D 3.What does the model plane look like3.What does the m

17、odel plane look like？ Well,theWell,the wings of the plane are wings of the plane are of its body. of its body. A.more A.more than the length twice than the length twice B.twice B.twice more than the length more than the length C.more C.more than twice the length than twice the length D.more D.more t

18、wice than the length twice than the length 解析解析 分析句意及选项可知分析句意及选项可知, ,这是一个比较级结这是一个比较级结 构中由名词所构成的倍数表达形式。在这一结构中由名词所构成的倍数表达形式。在这一结 构中构中, ,倍数要置于表示量的名词前面倍数要置于表示量的名词前面, ,后接后接of+of+另另 外一个比较对象外一个比较对象, ,该题中该题中more thanmore than仅为一个修仅为一个修 饰词饰词, ,应置于倍数词前面应置于倍数词前面, ,构成构成:the wings of :the wings of the plane are

19、more than twice the length the plane are more than twice the length of its body of its body。 C 4.How about the concert last night4.How about the concert last night？ Well,atWell,at least its least its the one I saw the one I saw last time with Joan. last time with Joan. A.no A.no worse than worse tha

20、n B.no B.no better than better than C.not C.not as good as as good as D.as D.as bad as bad as 解析解析 在比较级结构中在比较级结构中“no+no+比较级比较级+than”+than”意意 思为思为“前者并不比后者更前者并不比后者更”。根据答句意。根据答句意 义义, ,尤其是从尤其是从at leastat least可以知道该句意思为可以知道该句意思为“至至 少它不比我上次跟少它不比我上次跟JoanJoan一起看的音乐会更糟一起看的音乐会更糟”, , 故应选故应选no worse than;no wor

21、se than;选项选项B B意义相反意义相反, ,不符合不符合 句意句意; ;选项选项C C、D D意义相同。意义相同。 A 5.Of the two scientists,who5.Of the two scientists,who do you think do you think is is ？ A.aA.a successful one successful one B.more B.more successful successful C.a C.a more successful more successful D.the D.the more successful more s

22、uccessful 解析解析 在含有在含有of the twoof the two的句子结构中的句子结构中, ,句子的句子的 形容词要用比较级形式形容词要用比较级形式, ,并且被定冠词并且被定冠词thethe限定限定, , 意思为意思为“两者中更两者中更”。句意为。句意为: :两位科学家两位科学家 中中, ,你认为哪一位更成功？你认为哪一位更成功？ D 6.We cant get the machine to run.There6.We cant get the machine to run.There must be must be with it. with it. A.something

23、 A.something wrong serious wrong serious B.something B.something seriously wrong seriously wrong C.something C.something serious wrong serious wrong D.something D.something wrong seriously wrong seriously 解析解析 一般情况下一般情况下, ,形容词修饰不定代词时形容词修饰不定代词时, ,要要 放在不定代词的后面放在不定代词的后面; ;副词修饰形容词时副词修饰形容词时, ,要放要放 在形容词之前

24、在形容词之前, ,这样便构成这样便构成something something seriously wrong seriously wrong。 B 7.After the new technique was introduced,7.After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced the factory produced in 2004 as the in 2004 as the year before. year before. A.as A.as many machines twice many machines t

25、wice B.twice B.twice many as machines many as machines C.as C.as twice many machines twice many machines D.twice D.twice as many machines as many machines 解析解析 在含有倍数、百分数的同级比较结构中在含有倍数、百分数的同级比较结构中, , 倍数或百分数必须置于倍数或百分数必须置于as.asas.as之前之前; ;由由manymany或或 muchmuch修饰的复数名词或不可数名词必须置于修饰的复数名词或不可数名词必须置于 as.asas.a

26、s中间。中间。 D 8.After the long journey,the8.After the long journey,the Smiths Smiths returned home, returned home, . . A.safe A.safe but tired but tired B.safely B.safely but tired but tired C.safe C.safe and tiring and tiring D.safely D.safely and tiring and tiring 解析解析 根据题干意义可知根据题干意义可知, ,空格部分是用来补充空格部分

27、是用来补充 说明句子主语是怎样的说明句子主语是怎样的, ,故选用形容词作状语故选用形容词作状语, , 表示表示“人感到累人感到累”应用应用tired,tired,由于选项是两个由于选项是两个 意义不一致的形容词意义不一致的形容词, ,故用转折连词故用转折连词butbut连接。连接。 实际上实际上, ,该句相当于该句相当于.the Smiths returned .the Smiths returned home and they were safe but tired home and they were safe but tired。 A 9.Tasting 9.Tasting ,this

28、kind of fried chicken ,this kind of fried chicken sells _. sells _. A.well;good A.well;good B.to be good;well B.to be good;well C.good;well C.good;well D.to be well;good D.to be well;good 解析解析 分析题干可知分析题干可知, ,第一空第一空tastetaste在此作系动在此作系动 词词, ,其后应接不带其后应接不带to beto be结构的形容词作表语。结构的形容词作表语。 由于由于wellwell作形容词时

29、意思为作形容词时意思为“健康的健康的”, ,不符合不符合 题意题意, ,故应选故应选 goodgood作表语作表语; ;第二空第二空sellsell在此为不在此为不 及物动词及物动词, ,后接副词后接副词well,well,意思为意思为“畅销畅销”, ,用用 sellsell的主动形式表示被动意义。的主动形式表示被动意义。 C 10.The problem is not 10.The problem is not so easy as you so easy as you think.Its think.Its far from being settled. far from being se

30、ttled. A.hardly A.hardlyB.almostB.almost C.nearly C.nearlyD.scarcelyD.scarcely 解析解析 hardlyhardly和和scarcelyscarcely意思均为意思均为“几乎不几乎不”, , 与题干中的与题干中的notnot构成双重否定构成双重否定, ,不符合句子意不符合句子意 思思;almost;almost与与notnot连用时连用时,almost,almost常置于常置于notnot前面前面, , 意思为意思为“几乎不几乎不”; ;只有只有 not nearlynot nearly为正确结为正确结 构构, ,意思

31、为意思为“相差很远相差很远”。 C 11.There was such a long queue for coffee 11.There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we at the interval that we gave up. gave up. A.eventually A.eventuallyB.unfortunatelyB.unfortunately C.generously C.generouslyD.purposefullyD.purposefully 解析解析 eventuallyeventua

32、lly最后最后, ,最终最终;unfortunately;unfortunately遗遗 憾的是憾的是, ,倒霉的是倒霉的是;generously;generously慷慨地慷慨地, ,大方地大方地; ; purposefully purposefully故意地故意地, ,有意地。有意地。 A 12.At times,worrying12.At times,worrying is a normal, is a normal, response to a difficult event or response to a difficult event or situationa loved on

33、e being injured in situationa loved one being injured in an accident,for an accident,for example. example. A.effective A.effectiveB.individualB.individual C.inevitable C.inevitableD.unfavorableD.unfavorable 解析解析 A A项意为项意为“有效的有效的”;B;B项意为项意为“个人个人 的的”;C;C项意为项意为“不可避免的不可避免的, ,不可回避的不可回避的”;D;D项项 意为意为“不利的不利

34、的, ,不喜欢的不喜欢的”。 C 13.Tom 13.Tom downloaded a virus into his downloaded a virus into his computer,and computer,and he can not open the file now. he can not open the file now. A.readily A.readilyB.horriblyB.horribly C.accidentally C.accidentallyD.irregularlyD.irregularly 解析解析 根据句意根据句意, ,只有只有C C项符合题意。句意

35、为：项符合题意。句意为： 由于汤姆无意中下载了病毒到电脑中由于汤姆无意中下载了病毒到电脑中, ,现在无法现在无法 打开这个文件。打开这个文件。readilyreadily乐意地乐意地;horribly;horribly可怕可怕 地地;accidentally;accidentally无意地无意地, ,意外地意外地;irregularly;irregularly 无规则地。无规则地。 C 14.John was dismissed last week because of 14.John was dismissed last week because of his his attitude to

36、wards his job. attitude towards his job. A.informal A.informalB.casualB.casual C.determined C.determinedD.earnestD.earnest 解析解析 形容词词义辨析。根据句意形容词词义辨析。根据句意“约翰上周约翰上周 被解雇是因为他对工作满不在乎的态度被解雇是因为他对工作满不在乎的态度”知知, ,只只 有有B B项符合题意。项符合题意。casualcasual漫不经心的，马虎的，漫不经心的，马虎的， informalinformal非正式的非正式的;determined;determine

37、d坚定的坚定的;earnest;earnest 认真的。认真的。 B 15.Fitness is important in sport,but15.Fitness is important in sport,but of at of at least least importance are skills. importance are skills. A.fair A.fairB.reasonableB.reasonable C.equal C.equalD.properD.proper 解析解析 考查在实际语境中对于常用形容词的辨考查在实际语境中对于常用形容词的辨 别和应用能力。别和应用能

38、力。but of at least equal but of at least equal importance are skills importance are skills应理解成应理解成but skills but skills are of at least equal importance( are of at least equal importance(技术至少技术至少 同样重要同样重要) )。 C 16.Why did ladies spend so much time 16.Why did ladies spend so much time searching shop a

39、fter shop only for a searching shop after shop only for a blouse blouse？ Oh,theyOh,they were very were very about their about their clothes. clothes. A.special A.specialB.particularB.particular C.especial C.especialD.concernedD.concerned 解析解析 be particular aboutbe particular about表示表示“对对很挑很挑 剔剔”。 B 17.Although badly hurt in the accident,the17.Although badly hurt in the accident,the driver was driver was able to make a phone call. able to make a phone call. A.still A.s