中考英语语法精讲例析代词_1精品文档

1、中考英语语法精讲例析 代词课件www.5y中考英语语法精讲例析代词知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词可见下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们反身代词myse

2、lfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves指示代词主要有this,that,these,those疑问代词有：who,whomwhose,what,which,还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either正误辨析误tomsmotheristallerthanmy.正tomsmotheristallerthanmine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是

3、讲它可以作形容词，如：mybook，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。误wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.正wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，所以应用it。误heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.正youandh

4、eshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,i,而复数时为we,you，they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：heandshe如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，i,he,she,you,复数时用they,you，we,如：tomandiaregoodfriends.you,heandimustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.we,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.i,heandyouhave

5、topayforit.误heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.正heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.析由eitheror,neithernor,or连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.误hi

6、sbrotheristallerthanhim.正hisbrotheristallerthanhe.析than是连词，其后应视为省略句，thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。ilikeyouasmuchasshe.正ilikeyouasmuchasher.析asas其后也应看作是省略句。应为asilikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。误myselfdidityesterday.正imyselfdidityesterday.正ididitmyselfyesterday.析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。误takecar

7、eofourselves.正takecareofyourselves.析祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.误pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.正pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：theoldwomanspoketoherself.误makeyourselfhome.正makeyourselfathome.析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样helpyour

8、selftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣误whosthisspeaking.thatsmary.正whosthatspeaking.thisismary.析在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。误thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.正thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：theweathe

9、rinbeijingishotterthanthatinchangchun.误itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.正itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.正itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such,如：itissuchgoodweatherthatiwanttogoswimming.theyaresuchgoodboo

10、ksthatiwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如：shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.误iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.正iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.析same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame。误ihopeshemightpassthe

11、exam.idonthopeso.正ihopeshemightpasstheexam.ihopenot.析在作肯定回答时，ithinkso.ihopeso.ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为：idontthinkso.ihope/believenot.误hestudiedveryhardthisterm.soshedid.正hestudiedveryhardthisterm.sodidshe.误englishisdifficulttolearn.soisit.正englishisdifficulttolearn.soitis.析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且

12、要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。误everyoneshoulddoonesbest.正everyoneshoulddohisbest.析one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones，反身代词为oneself.如果讲oneshoulddoonesbest.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词，如：someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。

13、误whowonthegame?none.正whowonthegame?noone.析由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是none.如：howmanybooksarethere?none.误therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.正therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.正therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.析either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：youcantakeeither

14、.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。误eitheryouoriareright.正eitheryouoriamright.析在eitheror,或neithernor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。误ihavethreesisters.neitherofthemisadoctor.正ihavethreesisters.noneofthemisadoctor.析neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。误hedoesntlikebeijingopera.idontliketoo

15、.正hedoesntlikebeijingopera,idontlikeeither.析either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。误welikeboththislittleboy.正webothlikethislittleboy.析both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：wearebothstudents.在实意动词之前，如：theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：wehavebothreadtheseenglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：bothofusarenotright

16、.应译为：我们俩不都对。neitherofusisright.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才为：两本书我全不能给你。误weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.正weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.析each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：eachofuswantstolearnenglishwell，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。误everyofushastopasstheexam.正ea

17、chofushastopasstheexam.析every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every则侧重于全体。误everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.正everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.析everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而everyone则可以这样用。误ishouldreadenglisheveryday.正ishouldreadenglisheveryday.析要注意的是everyday是“每天”，而everyday则

18、是形容词为“日常的”。如：everydayenglish日常英语，everydaylife日常生活。误therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.正therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.析every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every.误allmyparentsareengineers.正bothmyparentsareengineers.析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both则用于两者的全部。误allofstudentsmightmakeso

19、memistakes.正allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.正allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.析非特指的名词前可用all但不可用allof结构，也就是讲allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter误theallvillagewasflooded.正allthevillagewasflooded.析all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。误thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.正

20、thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用theother,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。单数复数泛指another形容词作定语作名词another代词otherothers特指theother形容词theother代词theothertheothers误therearetenstudentsherewherearetheothersstudents?正therearetenstudentshere.wherearetheothers?正t

21、herearetenstudentsherewherearetheotherstudents?析theothers=theotherstudents.误theoldmanhastwosons.oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.正theoldmanhastwosons.oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.析another用于泛指，如：isitfarfromheretothestation?imsorry.ihavenoidea.onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指时

22、则要用theother.它可以用作定语，theotherone,也可以用作代词theother,但theother用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用oneanothertheother.或者oneasecondthethird误somepeoplelikesports.theotherslikereading.正somepeoplelikesports.otherslikereading.析在泛指的复数名词前用someothersothers来表示某些人某些人某些人。误pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.正p

23、leaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.析everyotherday为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：ontheotherhand另一方面。误manyknowhim，butfewlikeshim.正manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.析few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而afew为有一些。误youhavefewfriends,haventyou?正youhavefewfriends,haveyou?析little与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。误muchofwhatyousa

24、idaretrue.正muchofwhatyousaidistrue.析much用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。误thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.正thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.析enough可以用作代词，如：thereisenoughofthefood.又如：enoughhasbeendoneforthework，但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如：mone

25、yenough与enoughmoney都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。误iwantanybookstoread.doyouhaveany?正iwantsomebookstoread.doyouhaveany?析按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句，而some用于肯定句。误wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?正wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?析在由wouldyoulike发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。误someonewant

26、tomeetyou.正someonewantstomeetyou.析不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如：anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。误newyorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.正itismuchcolderinnewyorkinwinterthanbefore.析it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：itistenoclocknow.itisfarfromheretotheairport.itisveryhot.i

27、tisverydifficulttolearnenglishwell.wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.误becareful.dontdrinktoomany.正becareful.dontdrinktoomuch.析这里much所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可数名词。例题解析thesearebooks.yoursareoverthere.aibmycmedmine答案b.析这里应用形容词性物主代词。2isshe?sheisateacher.awhatbhowcwhodwhere答案a.析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。wha

28、tisshe?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而howisshe?应译为“她身体如何?”而whoisshe?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而whereisshe?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3iswrongwithmywatch.ithasstopped.asomething,workingbsomething,toworkcanything,workingdanything,towork答案a.析因为是肯定句所以应用something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。4mary,helptothebananas,please.a

29、youbyourcyourselfdyourselves答案c.析helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。5doyougotoschooleveryday?bybus.ahowbwhycwhendwhere答案a.析这题的答案是由问句决定的。6myskirtispopularthan.amuch,herbmuch,herscmore,herdmore,hers答案d.析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7canyouspeakenglish?yes,butonly.afe

30、wbafewclittledalittle答案d.析因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。8mr.smithisanoldfriendof.aibmecmydmine答案d.析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。9“doyouhearfromyourparents?”“aboutonceamonth.”ahowlongbhowmanychowoftendhowmuch答案c.析howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。0mrgreenwouldntsayatthemeeting.a

31、everythingbnothingcanythingdsomething答案c.析在否定句中应用anything1“mum,annscomingtonight.letsgivehertoeat.”“goodidea!”aanythingnicebniceanythingcsomethingnicednicesomething答案c.析肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。2whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?idontmind.timeisok.asomebneitherceithe

32、rdboth答案c.析因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有idontmind则决定不能选择neither.3thisisnotherkite,but.ahesbhimchedhis答案d.析要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。4dontworry,mum!newsisgoodnews.imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.anobmanycthosedtwo答案a.析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。5maryhassixapples.herbrotherhasthree.shehasapplesthanhe.afewbm

33、anycmoredfewer答案c.析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。6thereisntintodaysnewspaper.aanythinginterestingbsomethinginterestingcnothinginterestingdinterestinganything答案a.析由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。7september10thisday?ateacherbteacherscteachersdteachers答案d.析教师节teachersday,儿童节childrensday,妇女节womensday8i

34、nengland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?asowedo.bwedoso.csodowe.dwesodo.答案c.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。9shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?sorry.iwont.ihavetodothere.aeverythingbanythingcsomethingdnothing答案d.析这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。20oh,dear!wh

35、obroketheglass?sambruce.itwasthecat.aboth,andbnot,butcneither,nordeither,or答案c.析neithernor意为既不也不21thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.somearedrawingbythelake.areclimbingthehill.aothersbothercanotherdtheother答案a.析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。22sheisnotanurse.imnot.aalsobeithercneitherdtoo答案b.析在否定句中该用

36、either,而不用too和also.23ihavetwopencils.oneisred,isblue.atheotherbanothercothersdtheothers答案a.析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而theothers是特指复数代名词。24sorry,icantansweryourquestion.iknowaboutthesubject.alittlebalittlecfewdafew答案a.析中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。25mysisterdoesntl

37、ikeskating.asodoibsoidontcneitheridontdneitherdoi答案d.析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。26yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,.ayou,heandibi,youandheche,iandyoudyou,iandhe答案a.析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。27allthestudentsarebusy,soofthemwillgototheconcert.amanyblittlecafewdfew答案d.析student为可数名词。28theteachergavestudentanewbook.anobodybbothceachdany答案c.析both其后的名词应为复数，而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。29blackisneitherateacheraworker.aorbeithercnordand答案c.析neithernor为“既不也不”的固定搭配。30o