必修3 Unit 4

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 【诵读【诵读积累积累】 你班就你班就“是否应该花费巨大的人力、物力和财力进行太空是否应该花费巨大的人力、物力和财力进行太空 探索探索”进行了讨论。进行了讨论。 1. 有些人认为太空探索完全是浪费时间和金钱。理由是收有些人认为太空探索完全是浪费时间和金钱。理由是收 效甚微、花费巨大。效甚微、花费巨大。 2. 但大多数同学认为进行太空探索利大于弊但大多数同学认为进行太空探索利大于弊, 许多新产品许多新产品, 如气象、通讯卫星都直接得益于太空研究如气象、通讯卫星都直接得益于太空研究, 使全球受益匪浅。使全球受益匪浅

2、。 3. 你的观点你的观点 Do We Need Space Exploration Man has been fascinated by outer space for thousands of years. It has been over forty years since mans first landing on the moon. Now, some people believe that space exploration is a waste of time and money. They point out the fact that it cost billions of

3、dollars to carry on the space research, but a little information was brought back. However, every coin has two sides. There are still a majority of other people who believe that space exploration has more advantages. And I agree with those people. Many new products, such as weather and communication

4、 satellites, are also products of space programs, and they have benefited people all over the world. And whats more, scientific knowledge about outer space has been acquired by mankind. We believed that it will bring more benefits in the future, which we cannot even imagine now. Space exploration is

5、 a challenge to human beings. Thats why several nations try hard to carry out space exploration continuously. 【尝试运用【尝试运用】 词汇翻译词汇翻译 使着迷使着迷 _ 太空探索太空探索 _ 时间和金钱的浪费时间和金钱的浪费 _ 指出指出 _ 实施太空研究实施太空研究 _ 大多数的大多数的 _ 同意同意 _ 执行执行, 实行实行 _ fascinate space exploration a waste of time and money point out carry on the

6、space research a majority of agree with carry out 句式仿写句式仿写 她就是想引人注意才穿得那么稀奇古怪的。她就是想引人注意才穿得那么稀奇古怪的。(表语从句表语从句) She just wants to be noticed; _ _. 尽管她个子矮尽管她个子矮, 却是个出色的篮球运动员。却是个出色的篮球运动员。(同位语从句同位语从句) Despite _, she is an excellent basketball player. thats why she dresses so strangely the fact that she is

7、short . 单词盘点单词盘点 核心速记核心速记 1. _(n. ) 系统；体系；制度系统；体系；制度 2. _(n. ) 学说；理论学说；理论 3. _(n. ) 大气层；气氛大气层；气氛 4. _(adv. ) 因此；于是因此；于是 5. _(n. 生存生存_ (n. ) 存在存在 11. _ (vt. (使使)为难为难 (n. ) 谜谜；难题难题 _ (adj. )迷惑不解的迷惑不解的 violentviolenceviolently unlikelike dislike harmfulharm existexistence puzzle puzzled . 短语互译短语互译 1. 及

8、时；终于及时；终于 _ 2. 轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着 _ 3. 阻止；制止阻止；制止 _ 4. 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋 _ 5. 突发；爆发突发；爆发 _ in time in ones turn prevent. . . from cheer up break out 6. 密切注意；当心；提防密切注意；当心；提防 _ 7. lay eggs _ 8. give birth to _ 9. now that _ 10. block out _ watch out for 下蛋下蛋 产生；分娩产生；分娩 既然既然 挡住挡住(光线光线) . 句型透视句型透视 1. “so.

9、. . that”句型句型 The earth _(变得如此猛烈以至于变得如此猛烈以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 2. “make it possible to do sth. ”结构结构 This produced a chain reaction, which _ _(使生命的生长发育成为一种可能使生命的生长发育成为一种可能). became so violent that made it possible for life to develop 3. “倍数倍数+as+adj. /adv. +as”句型句

10、型 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _ _(是地球上的两倍远是地球上的两倍远)and fell over. 4. now that引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句 Walking does need a bit of practice _ _(既然地球引力已发生了变化既然地球引力已发生了变化). twice as far as on the earth now that gravity has changed 1. 选用框中词汇的适当形式完成句子选用框中词汇的适当形式完成句子 watch out, system

11、, pull, atmosphere, puzzle (1)A number of gases form the _. (2)What _ me most is why they dont show up. (3)He spent the whole afternoon _ weeds in the garden. (4)When you are crossing the street, please _ for the cars. (5)What are the differences between the American and British _ of the government?

12、 atmosphere puzzles pulling watch out systems 2. 选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子选用句型透视中的句式仿写句子 (1)男孩子们是如此优秀男孩子们是如此优秀, 以至于所有的老师都爱他们。以至于所有的老师都爱他们。 Boys are so good that all teachers love them. (2)他们的到来使我们按时完成工作成为可能。他们的到来使我们按时完成工作成为可能。 Their coming makes it possible for us to finish the work on time. (3)到的学生是我们预计的五倍。到的

13、学生是我们预计的五倍。 There are five times as many students as we expected. (4)既然你已经完成了家庭作业既然你已经完成了家庭作业, 你就可以打篮球了。你就可以打篮球了。 Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball. . 语篇完形语篇完形 After the “Big Bang”, the earth was just a cloud of dust. It 1. _ loudly with fire and rock, which were 2. _

14、 to produce the water vapour, carbon and other gases. Many millions of years later, the first small plants began to 3. _ on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with 4. _. Next, green plants began to grow on land. When the plants grew into forests, reptiles appear

15、ed for the first time. They produced young generally by 5. _ eggs. When dinosaurs disappeared, mammals became more exploded in time appear oxygen laying important. Now small clever animals with hands and feet appeared and 6. _ all over the earth. As time went by they covered the earth and they are p

16、utting too much carbon dioxide into the 7. _, which 8. _ heat 9. _ escaping from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will 10. _ whether this problem can be solved. spread atmosphereprevents from depend on 核核 心心 考考 点点 in time3年年1考考 prevent. . .

17、from3年年1考考 make+it+adj. /n. +to do sth.3年年3考考 “倍数倍数+as+adj. /adv. +as”句型句型3年年2考考 This is unlike volcanic activity above the sea. There were something like 500 people in the audience. _ _ _, it came without wrap. 和别的礼物不同的是和别的礼物不同的是, 它没有包装。它没有包装。 _ _ _ _ _ _; hes usually on time. 他不是会迟到的那种人他不是会迟到的那种人;

18、 他通常很准时。他通常很准时。 Unlike other gifts/presents Its unlike him to be late 1. unlike prep. 不同；不像不同；不像 adj. 不同的；不相似的不同的；不相似的 【想一想【想一想】高考中经常把高考中经常把unlike与与dislike放在一起考查放在一起考查, 在学在学 习中经常会把两者混淆。动脑想一想习中经常会把两者混淆。动脑想一想, 两者有何区别？两者有何区别？ 【参考答案【参考答案】 unlike可以用作介词可以用作介词, 意为意为“与与不同不同, 不像不像”；而；而dislike则则 为动词为动词, 意为意为“

19、不喜欢不喜欢”, 通常用作及物动词。例如：通常用作及物动词。例如：I dislike living in a large city. 我讨厌住在大城市。我讨厌住在大城市。 something like 几分像几分像 Its like/unlike sb. to do sth. 做某事实在像做某事实在像/不像某人不像某人 dislike vt. 不喜欢不喜欢, 讨厌讨厌 Man cannot exist without air. =live Energy can _ _ a variety of modes. 能量能以各种形式存在。能量能以各种形式存在。 _ _ many sources of

20、energy both potential and kinetic. 存在着许多势能和动能的能源。存在着许多势能和动能的能源。 When did the world _ _ _? 世界是什么时候产生的世界是什么时候产生的? exist in There exist come into existence 2. exist vi. 存在；生存存在；生存 (1)exist on (live on) sth. 靠某物生存靠某物生存 exist in 存在于存在于之中之中 exist as 作为作为而存在而存在, 以以形态存在形态存在 There exist(s). . . 有有/存在存在 n. ex

21、istence come into existence 产生；存在产生；存在 Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. (2012江西高考江西高考)But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. Im _ _ _ as to what to do next. 对于下一步该做什么我不知道。对于下一步该做什么我不知道。 I saw him _ _ a math problem. 我看见他正在苦苦思考一道数学题。我看见他

22、正在苦苦思考一道数学题。 in a puzzle puzzle over 3. puzzle n. 谜；难题谜；难题 vt. (成功地)完成 pull/draw/drag pull 一般用法，指各种情况的“拉”，但有时强调一 时或突然拉的动作。 I pulled the handle and the door opened. draw 指平稳、较轻地拉。 After some time, the fisherman began to draw the net. drag 往往指用大力气拖拉笨重物体，有“拖拉”的 意思。 He dragged a heavy box upstairs alone

23、. 4、pull n&v. C考查动词短语辨析。 语义是：班车驶进 车站，乘客一个个地下来了。drive away开走； push in 是不存在的短语；rush in 冲进，不合题意， 所以答案是C。 单项填空 ()(1) The bus _ the bus station and the passengers got off one after another. A. drove away B. pushed in C. pulled in D. rushed in 4、pull n&v. D考查动词短语辨析。 语义是：勇士匆 忙脱下衣服跳进河里救那落水儿童。pull on匆忙穿 上；pu

24、t off 推迟；take off脱下，在语境中不是最佳 答案；pull off匆忙脱下，所以答案是D。 ()(2) The brave man _ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy. A. pulled on B. put off C. took off D. pulled off 4、pull n&v. 5. in time 及时；终于及时；终于 He might get here in time, but I cant be sure. If you keep on, you will succe

25、ed in time. 【拓展【拓展】完成下列短语完成下列短语 _ time 准时准时 _ a time 每次每次, 逐一逐一 _ time to time 有时有时, 偶尔偶尔 _ no time 立刻；马上立刻；马上 time and time _ 一次又一次；一再一次又一次；一再 on at from in again 【高考链接【高考链接】 (2012江苏高考江苏高考)Thank God, youre safe! I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car. A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in

26、vain 【解析【解析】选选A。考查介词短语。句意：。考查介词短语。句意：谢天谢地谢天谢地, 你安然你安然 无恙！无恙！我退回去了我退回去了, 恰好及时避开了飞驰的汽车。恰好及时避开了飞驰的汽车。A项表项表 示示“及时及时”, 符合题意。符合题意。B项表示项表示“以防万一以防万一”；C项表示项表示 “需要需要”；D项表示项表示“徒劳地徒劳地”。 Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving. His advice kept me from making a serious mistake. Once he has made u

27、p his mind, no one can _ _ _ _ _ the plan. 一旦他下定决心一旦他下定决心, 谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。 prevent him from carrying out 6. prevent. . . from 阻止；制止阻止；制止 prevent/stop/keep/ban. . . from doing sth. 阻止阻止做某事做某事 protect. . . from 保护保护不受不受侵袭；挡住；防御侵袭；挡住；防御 keep. . . doing sth. 使使一直做某事一直做某事 【想一想【想一想】 prevent/s

28、top/keep. . . from doing sth. 结构中结构中, from 可以省略吗？可以省略吗？ 【参考答案【参考答案】 (1)在主动语态中在主动语态中, stop和和prevent的搭配中可省去的搭配中可省去from；而；而 keep . . . from doing sth. 中的中的from不可省略。不可省略。 (2)在被动语态里在被动语态里, 这三个搭配中的这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。均不可省略。 单项填空 ()(1) We must take firm and efficient measures to prevent pollution _our life ev

29、en better. A. to make B. making C. make D. against making 6、prevent v. A考查非谓语动词的使用。本题的语义是： 为了使我们的生活更加美好，我们必须采取果断而 卓有成效的措施阻止污染。根据语境非谓语动词在 本句是目的状语，所以答案是A。本题极容易造成 学生们的思维定势而误选B。 6、prevent v. ()(2) Well spare no effort to prevent the river _. A. from polluting B. polluting C. being polluted D. polluted 6

30、、prevent v. C考查非谓语动词的使用。本题的语义是： 我们将不遗余力地阻止河流污染。根据语境河流与 污染形成了被动关系，所以答案是C。 (2011湖北高考湖北高考)Feeling blue about the world? Cheer up. The audience stood up to cheer on their team, the Vancouver Canucks. The news _ _ _. 这消息使他高兴起来。这消息使他高兴起来。 cheered him up 7. cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋 cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来使某

31、人振作起来 cheer sb. on (比赛中比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油 Cheers! 口语口语(用于祝酒用于祝酒)干杯！干杯！ 8. now that既然既然 Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. Now (that) the weather is fine, lets go for a ride. _ _ _ _ _, you can make up your mind by yourself. 既然你已经长大了既然你已经长大了, 你可以自己做决定了。你可以自己做

32、决定了。 Now(that) you have grown up 【点津【点津】 now that相当于相当于since, 是连词词组是连词词组, 用来引导原因状用来引导原因状 语从句语从句, 口语中经常省略口语中经常省略that, 只用只用now, 这时这时now已经失去了已经失去了 “现在现在”的含义。的含义。 【想一想【想一想】表示原因的连词表示原因的连词(词组词组)还有哪些？试列举还有哪些？试列举, 并说出并说出 它们的区别。它们的区别。 【参考答案【参考答案】 表示原因的连词表示原因的连词(词组词组)小结小结 (1)可引导原因状语从句的从属连词可引导原因状语从句的从属连词(词组词组)

33、：because, as, since, when, now that, in that；并列连词：；并列连词：for。 (2)because语气最强语气最强, 一般指事情发生的直接原因一般指事情发生的直接原因, 回答提问回答提问 时时, 一般放在主句之后。一般放在主句之后。 as语气比语气比because弱弱, 所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原 因和理由因和理由, 从句一般放在主句前。从句一般放在主句前。 since语气较弱语气较弱, 指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因, 侧侧 重主句重主句, 从句表示显然的或已知的理由。从句

34、表示显然的或已知的理由。 when意为意为“既然既然, 考虑到考虑到”, now that意为意为“既然既然”(相当于相当于 since), in that意为意为“因为因为, 由于由于”。 for是并列连词是并列连词, 表示推断的原因表示推断的原因, 或对前一分句补充说明理或对前一分句补充说明理 由。由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。 He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday. 昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。 As there was no answ

35、er, we wrote to him again. 鉴于他没有回复鉴于他没有回复, 我们又给他写了封信。我们又给他写了封信。 Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题既然你回答不出这个问题, 我就问别人了。我就问别人了。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了昨晚肯定下雨了, 因为地面是湿的。因为地面是湿的。 9. break out突发；爆发突发；爆发 Should another world war bre

36、ak out, what would become of human beings? The thought made him break out in a cold sweat. 【拓展【拓展】补全下列补全下列break短语短语 break _ _ 脱离脱离(党派党派)；摆脱；摆脱(控制控制) break _ 毁掉；坏掉；毁掉；坏掉；(计划计划/谈判谈判)失败失败 break _ 打碎；拆散；打碎；拆散；(会议会议)结束；分裂结束；分裂(解体解体) break _ (使使)停止；中断；折断停止；中断；折断 break _ 强行进入强行进入(某处某处) away from down up of

37、f into 单项填空 ()(1) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it _ into parts. A. down B. up C. off D. out 8、 break out A考查动副词的搭配。题意是：要想理解 这句话的语法，你必须把它划分开。所以答案是A。 ()(2) News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached. A. have broken down B. have broke

38、n out C. have broken in D. have broken up 8、 break out A题意是：据新闻报道，两国和谈由于没 有达成一致意见而破裂。所以答案是A。 10. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命得以发展了。使得生命得以发展了。 名词或形容词名词或形容词 不带不带to 的不定式的不定式 to do 过去分词过去分词 v-ed 介词短语介词短语 make+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 Ins

39、ects would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the world. 昆虫会使我们无法在这个世界上生存。昆虫会使我们无法在这个世界上生存。 Spaceships _ _ _ to travel to the moon. 宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。 make it impossible for us to live make it possible 【想一想【想一想】还有哪些动词和还有哪些动词和make一样一样, 可以用于该结构可以用于该结构(+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语)？ 【参考答案【参考答案】 常用于此结构的动词还有常用于此结构的动词还有th

40、ink, feel, find, consider等。例如：等。例如： I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you. 我觉得我有责任帮助你。我觉得我有责任帮助你。 He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA. 他发他发 现不可能离开德国去美国了。现不可能离开德国去美国了。 【高考链接【高考链接】 (2012四川高考四川高考)New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a

41、lower cost. A. that B. this C. one D. it 【解析【解析】选选D。考查代词。句意：新的技术已经让以更低的成。考查代词。句意：新的技术已经让以更低的成 本更快地生产出新的产品成为可能。根据句意可知本更快地生产出新的产品成为可能。根据句意可知, it在句中在句中 作形式宾语作形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的不定式。真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 11. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈

42、步的时候而当我试着向前迈步的时候, 我发觉我被送出去很远我发觉我被送出去很远, 步子的步子的 跨度竟是在地球上的两倍跨度竟是在地球上的两倍, 因而我摔倒了。因而我摔倒了。 (1)“. . . 倍数倍数as形容词形容词/副词副词as. . . ”表示表示“是是的的 几倍几倍”, 该句型也可用该句型也可用half, one-fourth等词等词, 表示表示“是是的一的一 半半/四分之一四分之一”等。等。 (2)有关倍数的表达方式还有：有关倍数的表达方式还有： . . . 倍数倍数as many/much名词名词as. . . . . . 倍数形容词倍数形容词/副词的比较级副词的比较级than. .

43、 . . . . 倍数倍数the名词名词of. . . The (计量计量)名词名词ofAbe倍数倍数thatofB This river is three times as wide as that one. (句型转换句型转换) =This river is three times _ _ _ that one. The Yangtze River is almost twice _ _ the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 The price of the meat is twice _ _ _ last year. 肉价是去年的两倍。肉价是

44、去年的两倍。 the width of longer than what it was watch out for密切注意；当心；提防密切注意；当心；提防 Watch out for cars when you cross the roads. 过马路时你要当心车辆。过马路时你要当心车辆。 Watch out! There is a dog coming. 小心小心! 狗来了。狗来了。 【拓展【拓展】补全下列短语补全下列短语 watch out _ sb. /sth. 警惕或注意某人警惕或注意某人/某物某物 watch _ 保护；照看保护；照看 _ out 突出突出, 显眼显眼 _ out 计

45、算出计算出(答案、数量等答案、数量等)；设法弄懂；设法弄懂 for over stand work . 用所给单词的适当形式填空用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. They were _(prevent) from carrying weapons. 2. He was greatly _ (cheer)by the news. 3. Everyone was a bit _(puzzle) by her sudden departure. 4. I doubt the _ (exist) of aliens. 5. Many people are aware of the _ (harm) ef

46、fects of smoking. prevented cheered puzzled existence harmful 6. The bird _(lay) its eggs in other birds nests last year. 7. It is the most _ (violence) film that I have ever seen. 8. There were many fish _(float) in the river because of the serious pollution. 9. He contrasted the two different econ

47、omic _ (system) in his speech. 10. There were several _ (theory) about the way in which the fire started. laid violent floating systems theories . 完成句子完成句子 1. The puzzled look on his face suggested that _ _. 他脸上迷惑的表情表明他在苦苦思索这个让人困惑的问题。他脸上迷惑的表情表明他在苦苦思索这个让人困惑的问题。 2. His back injury may _ in tomorrows game. 他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。 3. This ruler is _/twice longer than that one/three times the length of that one. 这把尺子是那把尺子的三倍长。这把尺子是那把尺子的三倍长。 he was puzzling over the puzzling problem prevent him from playing three times as long as that one 4. _, you should not depend