第13讲名词性从句上

1、第13讲名词性从句（上）名词性从句共有四种：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句許高考重点要求：名词性从句中的语序问题名词性从句中的时态it作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句的用法从句中的语气宾语从句的否定转移从句引导词的正确选用第一节知识梳理主语从句主语从句的概述：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。主语从句的引导词：主语从句引导词分为三类，具体内容如下所示：连词That :不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分 句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。Eg. That price will go up is certain.That he finish

2、ed writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Whetherif不能用在主语从句中，而是用whetherEg. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no differenee.Whether he ll come here isn t clear.连接代词What （ ever）当 what 引导主语从句作主语时， 指物，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数， 下面这个句型例外。Eg. What we need is more time and money.What we ne

3、ed are many more books.Who （ ever） /whom （ ever ）当 who 引导主语从句作主语时，指代某人。在从句中作主语不能省略。翻译是不能把它翻 译成疑问句。Eg. Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.连接副词复合连接副词 whevever, whenever, however, why 引导主语从句， 它们分别在从句中担任主语、 宾语和状语，不能省略。注意，翻译时，不能把它们翻译成疑问句。WhereEg. Where to meet him is still not decided yet.W

4、henEg. When he will be back depends on the weather.WhyEg. Why he did it remains a mystery.HowEg. How the pyramids were built is still a mystery.表语从句表语从句的概述表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当 于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句的引导词： 表语从句引导词分为三类，具体内容如下所示：连词ThatThat 在表语从句中不做成分，没有词义，不能省略，但在口语中有时可省略。Eg.

5、His suggestion is that we should stay calm.Whetherif 不能引导表语从句，只能用 whether 来引导Eg. The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Because, as, as if, as thoughEg. He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is

6、knocking at the door.Its just because he doesnt know her. 连接代词What（ ever）What 在表语从句中作宾语，不能省略，从句中的语序为陈述语气。Eg. The scissors are not what I need. 这不是我们需要的剪刀。Who （ ever）Eg. The problem is who/whom we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能让谁取代她。 Which （ ever）What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道

7、我们到底该走哪条路。 连接副词WhereEg. This is where they once lived.那就是他们曾经住过的地方。WhenEg. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是他什么时候能到宾馆。WhyEg. The question is why he cried yesterday.问题是为什么他昨天会哭。How问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。How 在表语从句中作状语，不能省略，从句中的语序为陈述语序。Eg. The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.宾语

8、从句宾语从句的概述：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的 宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that ( that 常可省略)whether, if代词： who, whose, what ,which畐y词： when ,where, how, why 等。具体内容如下所示：连词Thatthat引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。Eg. He told me (that ) he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学 .Whetherif和whether, w

9、hether.or not引导表示 是否的一般疑问句的宾语从句。Eg. I don t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody kn ew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试连接代词连接代词主要有 who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever 等，连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.What (ever)The book wi

10、ll show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Who (ever)Eg. Do you know who has won Red Alert game .你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？Which (ever)Eg. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 ?连接副词 连接副词主要有 when, where, why, how, whenever, where

11、ver, however 等。 WhereEg. None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 .WhenEg. He didn t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。WhyEg. He didn t ask me why I turned her down. 他没有问我拒绝他的原因。HowEg. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作

12、盘吗宾语从句的时态 主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不限” 主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过” 主句用过去时，从句是客观真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。Eg. The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮围着地球转 . 情态动词 could/would 用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 同位语从句 同位语从句的概述 同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,介宾从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语

13、表示与之同位的名词 （短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词， 对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是 同位关系，即主表关系。同位语从句特点：名词作同位语 -可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought, hope, message suggestion, words （消息）,possibility 等（一般的 抽象名词都可用。Mr Wang,my child s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday. 王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看

14、我们。短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children. 我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds ,“Did she die young because she was a clone?但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can

15、 sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句的引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that， whether，连接代词 what， who。连接副词how,when,where 等。（注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）同位语从句引导词分为三类，具体内容如下所示 :连词that引导同位语从句的that不能省略Eg. The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作 id

16、ea 的同位语）【注意 1】在某些名词（如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。There was a suggesti on that Brow n should be dropped from the team有 一项建议是布朗应该离队。 【注意 2】He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。Whether whether 可引导同位语从句，但 if

17、 不能引导同位语从句。Eg. The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。连接代词 连接代词有 what, who, whom, whose 。Eg. I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 （ what 作定语） 同位语从句 The question who will take his place is still not clear. （ who 作主语） 连接副词

18、 连接副词有 when, where, how, why whereEg. We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。whenEg. We have no idea when she was born. 我不知道她什么时候出生的。 whyEg. The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent. 老师不知道杰克为什么迟到 HowEg. I have no impression how he

19、went home, perhaps by bike. 他是如何回到家的，我没有任何印象，可能是骑自行车。第二节 近5年高考真题回顾1.主语从句（2010 北京） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. WhetherB. WhatC. ThatD. HowC. whetherD. how（2010 浙江）It is uncertain【解析】B。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别的许多人眼中的优点。side effect the medic ine will bring about, although

20、about twothousa nd patie nts have take n it.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether【解析】B。句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。2.表语从句（2010 上海） One reason for her preferenee for city life isshe can have easy access toplaces like shops and restaura nts.A. thatB. how【解析】 A。此处that不可以省略。C. whatD. why（2010 江苏） I p

21、refer shutt ing myself in and liste ning to music all day on Sun days.That sI don t agree. You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whe nD. what【解析】A。句意：这就是我不同意的地方。3.宾语从句（2010 全国 II ） Have you finished the book ?No. I ve read up tothe children discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. th

22、atD. where解析】D。up to为介词短语，后接宾语从句（2010 山东） Before the sales start, I make a list ofmy kids will n eed for the coming seas on.A. whyB. whatC. how D. which【解析】 B。句意为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填的词在从句中充当need的宾语，故选B。（2010 四川） How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely onhe g

23、oes with,whether his friends or relatives.A. whatB. whoC. howD. why【解析】B。句意为“一个人旅游快乐与否很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚”。根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去第三节巩固练习（上）1. Jack liked to read was quite differe nt fromyou had expected.A. That; thatB. What; whatC. That; whatD. What; that2. surprised me most wasthe little girl spoke French so well.A. That; thatB. What; howC. What; thatD. That; why3. Last Sun day Peter made a promisehe would give the book back to me