口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析

1、口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲 话进行纵向和横向的分析Module 2 Logical an alysisI Theory and skills口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向 和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅 助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确 各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对 照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地 理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息 内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概 念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息 经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析 练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介

2、绍的概述 练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求 进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用 一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上 层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的 内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了 些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的 练习1.1介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习 惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对 每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的 做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是。 就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清 晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话 进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结 构。横向分析的练习则要

3、求我们找出信息之间 的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑 关系模式，如：概括(generalization )、分类(classification )、 因果 (cause-effect )、对比 对照(compare & contrast )、按照时间、空间、 步骤、重要性的顺序排列(sequencing )、列举(simple listing八 提出问题-解决问题 (problem-solution)等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇 有: to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short,

4、on the whole 等；表示顺序的 词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, precedi ng, duri ng, whe n, fin ally, mea nwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, incomm on with, both, similarly , compared to 等； 表示对照的有： on the other hand, on the con trary, otherwise, in stead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：

5、so,since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to 等等。逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而 是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情 境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预 测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。II Skills practiceTeach ing suggesti ons:Tell the stude nts toform a mi nd picture or logic tree while listening, trying to associate main

6、points with the corresp ondingsub-po in ts,andthen do theretelli ngto check theIn structi on:effective ness of their logic an alysis.retell the passage, pay ingatte nti on to the logic 2.1有偿搭车“上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”， 这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大 中型城市开始流行起来。一些网站还专门设立了 相关的栏目，北京出现了全国第一家顺风车专业 门户网站，有需求者只要将自己的出发地和目

7、的 地发布上网，就会很容易获得理想的搭乘机会。 除此之外，也有一些搭乘者是通过朋友介绍认识 的。与国外一些国家搭顺风车现象有所不同的 是，按事先约定，国内的一些搭乘者会以现金或 实物的形式给车主一定的补偿，而一些车主也将 省钱和挣钱作为提供便利的目的之一。面对越来越多的汽车污染以及日渐严重的 交通压力，“顺风车”的出现无疑是件好事。但 随之而来的“有偿搭车”现象却引起了各方的不 同看法。对此持赞同意见的人认为应该提倡这种做 法，因为它既方便了乘车人，也减轻了车主的经 济负担，同时还能缓解城市交通压力；反对的人 则认为私家车收费搭乘他人，严格意义上属于非 法营运，由于它没有办理任何证件，干扰了正

8、常 的客运市场。政府应加以严格管理；一些保险公 司相关人士还认为，一旦发生事故，保险公司有 权拒赔，理由是营运车风险比较大，同类型汽车 的保险费收费标准，营运车辆要高于私家车。2.2 Why are girls not as good at maths and scie nee?Girls dont do as well at maths and scie nee as boys. There are several reas ons for this. The first and most importa nt reas on is that they arent encouraged to

9、 play with toys that build up interest in maths and scienee problems and that build skills for problem solv ing or un dersta nding how thi ngs work.Girls are en couraged to play with toys that foster Ian guage and huma n relati ons skills. As a result, they can grow up not knowing how an engine work

10、s or how to build a model from directi ons.Second, studies have show n that teachers dont expect girls to be good at maths. Eve n female maths and scienee teachers pay more atte nti on to boys in class and call on boys more often. Because teachers dont expect girls to excel, they dont try very hard,

11、 and soon girls are far behi nd boys in these studies.Fin ally, girls dont have many role models to look up to. Not very many maths and scienee teachers are women, especially in the later grades. When the media picture mathematicia ns and scie ntists, they usually picture men. As a result, girls are

12、nt in spired to choose these fields as careers.In summary, several factors work together in the home, in schools, and in society at large to send a subtle message to girls. Girls almost always get the message; as aresult, few girls excel at maths and scienee.III. I nterpreti ng exercise2.1 Yo-Yo Ma词

13、汇与短语cellistspa n album大提琴家跨过专辑Grammy格莱美奖composer作曲家Carnegie Hall卡耐基音乐大厅Julliard School of Music朱利亚音乐学院an thropology人类学collaborate 合作 genre流派vocal cords 声带Lan guage tips1. His career as a professi onal cellist spa ns more tha n 20 years and over 50 albums.他的大提琴职业生涯跨越了 20余年50多张专辑。” To span” is to cove

14、r, to cross. Itwould sound more idiomatic Chinese if the sentence were tran slated:作为大提琴演奏家，马友友的职业生涯已经横跨了 20多 个年头，期间他发布了 50多张专辑。2. His experie nces at Harvard as well as hismulti-cultural backgro und have helped to shape who he is today.他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友 友。”To shape who he is today ”，to ma

15、ke him what he is, or to con tributeto hisachieveme nts.3. The most importa nt thi ng whe n he plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performanee :对他来说，最重要的就是每一 场演出都全身心地投入。” Give all of himself all of the time ” , to be fully concentrated, to devote all of himself to.Today we lmeet one

16、 of the greatest cellists of our times, Yo-Yo Ma. His career as a professi onalcellist spa ns more tha n 20years and over 50 albums. He has been honored for his music with many awardsincluding an amazing 14 Grammy. He has played on manyimporta ntoccasi onsincluding the Grammy and the Olympics. /Yo-Y

17、o Ma was born in France to Chinese pare ntswho were both musicia ns.Hismother was a sin ger, his father, a composer. Yo-Yo Ma gave his first public performa nee when he was only 5. 4 years later, at the tender age of 9, he was playing at the prestigious Carnegie Hall in New York, by which time the f

18、amily had moved to the US. / Yo-Yo Ma pursued his cello studies at the Julliard School of Music. From there he opted to atte nd Harvard and got a degree in anthropology. His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today. /Today Yo-Yo Ma continue

19、s his musical jour ney, n ever hesitat ing to collaborate with musicians of all genres and from around the world. He is in spired by people and n ature. To him, the cello is an extension of his vocal cords. The most importa nt thi ng whe n he plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a perf

20、orma nee, to try to transmit the contents of the music to the audience he is playing for. /IV Self-study materialIn structio n:Retell to each other thefollowi ng dialogue in groups, tryi ng to compare whose logic is clearer and why.词汇与短语Hero ”英雄（电影名）动作片acti on movie模式formula报仇血恨reve nge功夫超群outsta nd

21、ing Kongfu master题材广博much broader themeCrouchi ng Tiger, Hidde n Drago n卧虎藏龙（电影名）李安Ann Lee （卧虎藏龙导演）huge hit引起轰动，取得巨大成功sequels续集martial arts champi on武术冠军独特的武打技巧 unique martial arts tech nique很深的哲理 sophisticated philosophyCNN : Congratulations onHero ”.l mean, isthe part very similar to what you no rmally play?李连杰：不，这是一部不同寻常的电影中的一个 非常独特的角色，和我以往演过的角色 都不一样。可以说这是我最重要的动作 片之一。CNN : Why do you say that? You have made about 30 movies. How is this one differe nt from the rest?李连杰：通常的动作片都有这么一个模式：一个孩子的父母亲被杀，这个孩子从小习武， 立志报仇血恨。长大后他果然功夫超群