简单句的五种基本句型并列句和复合句.doc

1、简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句郑集中学菁华学院英语组 王芳（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定） ：He is six years old./ She didn t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意） ：Do they like skating? / Where did you go yesterday? /Is he six or seven years old? / Mary can swim, can t she?3）祈使句： Be careful, boys. / Don t talk in class4

2、）感叹句： What an exciting film it was!/ How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列连词（ and, but, or 等）或分号（； ）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：Yo

3、u help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 句和同位语从句） 、定语从句和状语从句等。如：The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语 +不及物动词：What he said | does not matter.They | talk

4、ed for half an hourThe pen | writes smoothlyHow did the accident come about?2、主语 +及物动词 + 宾语：Mary bought a book./ Do you know them?/ I finished reading the text./ You must try to improve. 在此句型中，及物动词后常跟 等作宾语。3、主语 +系动词 +表语：It sounds a good idea./ The students are in favor of reform.Their favorite pasti

5、me is playing chess./ The only thing now is to take a taxi.常用的系动词有 等；可作表语成分的有 等。4、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语（间接宾语 +直接宾语） ：My father gave me a dict ion ary.（可用 to 改写）I II make you some fresh tea可用 for 改写）They forgave him his crimes.直接宾语表示动词作用的对象，通常指的是物；间接宾语表示动作所指向的人，一般位于直接宾语之前， 如果间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，则由介词 to, for 等引出。5、主

6、语 +及物动词 + 复合宾语（宾语 +宾补）：They called their daughter Mary./ He put his books in order./ I saw her chatting with Nancy.What do you advise me to do?/ Tom made the baby laugh./ You must make yourself respected. 此句型中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语才完整，宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。常见的用作宾语补足语 的有 等。Exercise1： 判断下面各句分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型：1. Your sis

7、ter dances beautifully. （）2. Doing that would be playing with fire. （）3. I will tell my friends to protect the environment. （）4. They kept their marriage a secret. （）5. She gave me her teleph one nu mber.()6. Good food keeps you healthy.()7.1 advise wait ing till the right time.()8. Did you sleep we

8、ll?()9. Horse-ridi ng and shooti ng are some of the more unu sual even ts.()10. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world.()除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰 语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词)，也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语 和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五( v+o+o.c)为例：We fou nd the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了

9、。We fou nd the great hall full of stude nts and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of stude nts and teachers liste ning to an importa nt report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from t

10、he Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：Hes getti ng angry. (S V P)He got through the wi ndow.(S V O)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble. (S V O C)

11、He got her a sple ndid prese nt.(S V 0 O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思：I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O M)I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。(S V O C)I have to do something. 我得做点事。 have something to do. 我有点事做。A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizboll

12、ah, returns with her family followi ng the ceasefire, at the Leba non-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006.( S + V )A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world champio nships.(S + V + O)(三) 并列句的分类1、 表示连接两个同等概

13、念，常用and, not onlybut also ,neithernor 等连接。女口：The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、 表示选择，常用的连词有 or, eitheror,otherwise等。如：Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。如：He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange wa

14、y of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for, therefore等。如：August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from daw n un til dark.(四) 复合句复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。由于连词既 起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成分，有一定的意义，故 复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。从句有三种：1. 名

15、词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)1) When the train will arrive is unknown.2) Everybody knows that money does nt grow on trees.3) This is what we should do.4) She told us her hope that she would become a pia ni st.2. 定语从句（形容词性从句）He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.3. 状语从句（副词性从句）He is abse nt tod

16、ay, because he is ill.Exercise2：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：（）1. We ofte n study Chin ese history on Friday after noon.（）2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.（）3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there?（）4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at

17、 seven inthe evening.（）5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.（）6. He was fond of draw ing whe n he was yet a child.（）7. Neither has he cha nged his mind, nor will he do so.（）8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn tit?（）9. The farmer is show ing the boy how to pla nt a tree.（）10.

18、 Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.（五）咼考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中 有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道 的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、 高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。女口： and, but, or, while , 以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语

19、从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从 句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如: We will go outing if it doesn巩固练习：-、选择填空：1. Give me one more mi nuteIA. andB. ort rain tomorrow2. It sthhd time that John has been late,A. hasn t heB. isn t he3.Let us pass,?A. shan t weB. shall we4.I

20、suppose hes serious,?A. do IB. don 1 tll be able to finish it.C. ifD. so?C. isn t itD. hasn t itC. won t weD. will youC. is heD. isn t he5. I m sorry to have to say this,you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC.soD. because6. Joh n has not yet passed the driv

21、 ing test, and.A. Henry hasn t tooB. Henry also has not eitherC. n either Henry hasD. n either has Henry7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climb ing,others enjoy swim ming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so8. - Do you feel like going outwould you rather have dinner at home?-I d like to g

22、o out.A. orB. andC. butD. so9. Your uncle isn t an engineer, is he?D. He isA. Yes, he isn t B. No, he isn t C. No, he is10. friendly to everyone!D. What, she isD. yetD. andD. To turnD. and, andD. butA. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she is11. Mary went to bed early, she felt very tired.A. orB. so

23、C. for12. As he is strong, can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. he13. down the radio the baby s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. TurnC. Turned14. I don t like chicken fish. I don t like chicken iIkle fish very much.A. or, butB. and, butC. or, and15. Would you like to come to dinner t

24、onight? I d like to, I m too busy.A. and B. soC. as、用适当的连接词填空 :1. He closed the window, turned off the light left the room.2. She is American she speaks Chinese very fluently.3. It is foggy today, we can tsee distant hills.4. He likes sports, I d rather collect stamps.5. he couldn t understand was f

25、ewer and fewer showed their interest in his lesson.6. I wished we could go sightseeing in Hangzhou this summer and we could buy some books on ourway back in Shanghai.7. She expressed the hope she would write a novel someday.8. The girl English is very good won the first place in the 100-metre race,

26、made all of usvery happy.we shall have the Chinese exam.9. Please tell us the time10. a young man, he was a storekeeper later a postmaster.、将下列句子译成英语：1. 汤姆决心不再迟到了。2. 我很饿，请给我一点东西吃。3. 老师讲话时，我们得保持安静，对不对 ?4. 我们把英语看作日常工作中的一种有用的工具。5. 他们取消了上个星期天去扬州的游览，因为整整下了一天雨。6. 金钱就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢。7. 在黑暗的大街上，没有一个她可以寻求帮助的人。8. 他在这家工厂工作了十年之后就出