中国文化英语教程Unit5完整版

1、 Unit 5 Eco-awareness in Traditional Chinese Culture p Lead-in p Text study p Exercises Content Lead-in p Introduction p The Philosophy of “Life” p Ecological Aesthetics p Humans at One with Other Living Things Text study Introduction Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider internationa

2、l attention today. Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world. Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy The main idea of eco-ethics and eco-philosophy is to replace “human-centrism (人类中心主义)” with “eco-holism (生态整体主义)”. It holds tha

3、t all living things in the earths biosphere are entitled to equal rights similar to those of human beings, or the rights to survival and development. Introduction When we examine traditional Chinese culture, we also find from ancient times a strong eco- consciousness that is at one with eco-ethics a

4、nd eco-philosophy. 采菊东篱下 悠然见南山悠然见南山 山气日夕佳 飞鸟相与还飞鸟相与还 Introduction The Philosophy of “Life (生)” The Philosophy of “Life (生)” 周敦颐 程颐 张载 程颢 The Philosophy of “Life (生)” Note: Zhou Dunyi: 周敦颐。北宋理学家，曾撰写太极图书 和通书。 The Philosophy of “Life (生)” 周敦颐 Note: Cheng Yi: 程颐。称伊川先生，河南府（今河南洛阳）人，与程颢为兄弟，世称“二程”，同受学于 理学创始

5、人周敦颐，后建立了自己的理学体系。 程颐 The Philosophy of “Life (生)” Note: Zhang Hengqu: 张横渠，名载，字子厚，北宋哲学家，人称横渠先生。理学支脉“关学”创始 人，反对“有生于无”的思想，提出“太虚”即“元气”、“气”，是万物生成的本源。 The Philosophy of “Life (生)” Note: Cheng Hao: 程颢。称明道先生，为程颐兄弟。“二程”为理学的奠基者。 The Philosophy of “Life (生)” Note: Zheng Banqiao: 郑板桥。清 代著名画家，“扬州八怪”的 主要代表，以三绝“诗、

6、书、 画”闻名于世的书画家、文学 家。 “I loved all living things in the world, be it an ant or an insect. This was the will of Heaven, and that human beings should understand Heavens will.” Zheng Banqiao (1693-1765) The Philosophy of “Life (生)” 瘦西湖 Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, a scene of vibrant l

7、ife Ecological Aesthetics Ecological Aesthetics Ecological Aesthetics Ecological Aesthetics Ecological Aesthetics Love for all living things in the world and appreciation for their state of being can often be found in ancient works of art and literature. Humans at One with Other Living Things Art Do

8、ng Qichang (1555-1636), a famous painter of the late Ming Dynasty, explained that, most artists enjoyed a long life because everything they observed was full of life. Note: Dong Qichang: 董其昌。“华亭派”的主要代表，精于书画鉴赏，其书画风格名重当世， 并成为明代艺坛的主流。 Dong You, collector and connoisseur (鉴赏家) of the Song Dynasty, empha

9、sized that artists should depict (描绘) the state of life, which exists in nature. Therefore, artists should observe and learn from nature. Humans at One with Other Living Things Wang Gai (1654-1710) of the Qing Dynasty compared the happiness of fish in their natural world to that of humans in their n

10、atural world. Note: Wang Gai: 王概。擅诗画，传世作品有康熙玉山观画图轴等；且擅诗文，著有澄 心堂纸赋称于时。 Humans at One with Other Living Things A work of Wang Gai Literature In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties, when Chinese poetry reached the apex (预点) of development, birds and flowers were often depicted as if they had human

11、 feelings. 感时花溅泪 恨别鸟惊心恨别鸟惊心 落花人独立 微雨燕双归微雨燕双归 Humans at One with Other Living Things Note: 1. Strange Tales from Make-do Studio:聊斋志异。清代文言短篇小说集， 蒲松龄撰，合计近500篇。故事来源非常广泛，具有很高的思想价值和独特的艺术风格。 2. Pu Songling:蒲松龄。清代文学家，别号柳泉居士，山东淄川（今属淄博市）人。 Humans at One with Other Living Things Humans at One with Other Living

12、 Things Exercises p Comprehension p Communication p Application Comprehension l. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and answer the following questions briefly. 1) What does the first paragraph mainly point out? 2) What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of “life”? The first

13、paragraph mainly points out the urgency of the ecological problems In the Confucian philosophy of “life”, love for and kindness toward all living things are emphasized. 3) According to Zheng Banqiao, what is the “will of Heaven”? According to Zheng Banqiao, the “will of Heaven” is to love all living

14、 things in the world, be it an ant or an insect. 4) What is eco-aesthetics of traditional Chinese culture related to? Eco-aesthetics of traditional Chinese culture is related to eco-ethics and eco-philosophy. Comprehension 6) In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties, how were birds and flowers us

15、ually depicted? In the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties, birds and flowers were often depicted as if they had human feelings. Comprehension 5) Why do Chinese painters never paint dead animals? Chinese painters never paint dead animals because they love all living things in the world and apprecia

16、te their state of being. II. Careful Reading 1. Read the passage carefully and fill in the following blanks with the missing information. Human beings have done so much damage to the natural environment that _ _ . 2) The quotations from Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, and Cheng Hao show that _ _ _. Comprehen

17、sion the very existence of human beings themselves is threatened Confucian love starts from loving ones family and other people, to loving all living things in the world 4) Zhou Dunyi found pleasure in _ _, while Cheng Hao enjoyed observing living things such as _ and _ . Comprehension observing the

18、 natural growth of grass fish newly hatched chicks 3) Zheng Banqiao advised people _ to _ instead of _ if they really love birds. plant more trees keeping them in a cage as birds home Many Chinese painters believed that in order to bring vitality to their works, they must _ _. 6) The story of “Xiang

19、yu” is a good example to illustrate that _ _ _. Comprehension observe and learn from nature humans and other living things are of the same kind and they share weal and woe together 2. Put each of the following into English and then compare your translation with that in the passage 1)天以阳生万物，以阴成万物。 周敦

20、颐 2) 生之性便是仁。 程颐 Heaven creates life through yang and nurtures life through yin. Zhou Dunyi The nature of life is love. Cheng Yi Comprehension 4) 民吾同胞，物吾与也。 张载 5) 仁者以天地万物为一体。 程颢 All people in the world are my brothers and all beings in the world are my companions. Zhang Zai Those with love regard the

21、mselves as the same as other living things in the world. Cheng Hao Comprehension 3)亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物。 孟子 (One should) love ones family, love the people, and love all living things in the world. Mencius 6) 我图娱悦，彼在囚牢，何情何理，而必屈物之性以适吾性 乎。 郑板桥 7) 万物之生意最可观。 程颢 It is unreasonable to keep them in a cage just to pl

22、ease myself, to oppress their nature to suit my nature! Zheng Banqiao Life and its state of being is most worthy of appreciation. Cheng Hao Comprehension Communication The following are some quotes from Chinese and foreign poets. Read them carefully and find out their views about man and nature. 泥融飞

23、燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。 杜甫 一重一掩吾肺腑，山鸟山花吾友于。 杜甫 人鸟不相乱，见兽皆相亲。 王维 一松一竹真朋友，山鸟山花好弟兄。 辛弃疾 高秋总馈贫人实，来岁还舒满眼花。 杜甫 Woodman spare the tree! Touch not a single bough! In youth it sheltered me. And Ill protect it now. George Pope Morris We cannot command nature except by obeying her. Francis Bacon When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. John Muir Communication The chessboard is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, the rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature. The player on the other side is hidden from u