GMAT逻辑assumption题型真题解析-智课教育.doc

1、智课网GMAT备考资料GMAT 逻辑 assumption题型真题解析 -智课教育GMAT 逻辑从逻辑关系的角度思考 ,可以总结出一定的解题技巧 ,这些解题技巧是按照对应的逻辑推理模式得来的 ,经过做题 ,大家会发现其中的奥妙。一、 GMAT 逻辑 assumption题型分析1、assumption题的定义。assumption题目 ,在 GMAT 逻辑中又称假设题。它属于 assumpti on题的一种特殊形式。通常需要寻找一个充分条件 ,使得文章结论成立。与 assumption题型不同的是 支持题是提高可能性 ,而假设题目是使之成立。2、assumption题型题的标志 :1 标志词

2、:assumption、an addition premise、depend on 这些标志词是经常出现在一道题目的问题中 ,当我们看到问题中有这些标志词时,基本上可以判定这道题目为假设题。2 典型问法。以下是假设题的问题的常用表达方法,这些句子中通常包含上面提到的标志词。The conclusion in the argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?Which of the following is an additional premise required by the argument above?

3、Which of the following is required for the conclusion above?(详情请看 GMAT 逻辑 assumption题综述二、 GMAT 逻辑 assumption题如何解题1、assumption题的解题思路。假设题的解题思路是寻找与文中逻辑链最相关的条件,且能够使结论成立的选项。正确答案通常是使前提到结论成立的必要条件。2、assumption题的解题步骤。1、找出原文中的前提和结论,用简要的逻辑要素提炼出前提和结论涉及的主要逻辑对象。2、锁定结论 ,几乎所有正确答案都对结论有影响,分析前提和结论之间的本质联系。3、原文中有推理漏洞 ,需

4、要仔细寻找加以支持。原文中的逻辑漏洞是指前提到结论的推理过程并不严谨。4、预先判断正确选项特征范围。寻找的选项一定是能够支持前提,并帮助前提推出结论 ,弥补逻辑漏洞。3、assumption题的答案特征。错误答案特征 :1 相反答案。假设题是支持题的一种,从成立的条件上是前提推出结论的必要条件 ,错误答案往往使这种前提推结论的可能性变小。2 伪装答案 答案加强了一个与原文结论相似的结论。假设题是原文成立的必要条件 ,是隐含的前提 ,不会在文章中给出 ,错误答案往往用一个与结论相似的表述来迷惑考生。3 无关答案。无关选项比较容易甄别,凡事与原文无关的表述都不列入考虑范围。正确选项特征 :1.含有

5、 ” at least one或”at leastsome”是正确的可能性很高用取非” none检”验。2.避免选择带有 ” the primary purpose” ,“ the toppriority 或” the mainfactor 等”宣称是作者最重要观点的词的选项。3.注意选项中出现 ” not不”一定是错误答案 ,反而 defender中经常用到 not, no,never等否定词。注:因果类假设与加强做法类似 ,即:排除他因 ;有因必有果 ;无因必无果 ;因果不颠倒 ;使用的证据或数据真实有效或排除其无效的可能性。(详情请看 GMAT 逻辑 assumption题解题方法三、

6、GMAT 逻辑 assumption题例题分析为了帮助大家更好地了解假设题型的解题方法如何运用 ,智课教育小编为大家整理了下面两道例题。例题 :OG13-P506-21In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this re

7、ason, cabinetmaking is not art.Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion?(A Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by anyone.(B Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with

8、 the practical utility of the products they produce.(C Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are.(D An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the objects practical utility.(E Artists are not concerned with the mone

9、tary value of their products.解析 :题干 :近些年来 ,很多木工赢得了艺术家的声誉。但是因为家具是要有使用价值的 ,所以木工主要关注的是他们产品的实用性。因此,木工不能被认为是艺术家。题目 :找出题干结论所依赖的假设条件。选项 A 说很多家具被陈列在博物馆而不是拿来被人使用。实际上是否定了家具的实用价值 ,是反向逻辑 ,排除。选项 D,假如作者主要关注产品的使用价值则该产品对象不能称之为艺术品。完全支持了题干逻辑 ,正确 !选项 E 说艺术家不在乎他们作品的经济价值 ,我们这里讨论的点集中在使用价值这个属性上 ,而经济价值则是完全无关的属性 ,排除。例题 :OG1

10、3-P512-41Installing scrubbers in smokestacks and switching tocleaner-burning fuel are the two methods available to Northern Power for reducing harmful emissions from its plants. Scrubberswill reduce harmful emissions more than cleaner-burning fuels will. Therefore, by installing scrubbers, Northern

11、Power will be doing the most that can be done to reduce harmful emissions from its plants.Which of the following is an assumption on. which the argument depends?(A Switching to cleaner-burning fuel will not be more expensive than installing scrubbers.(B Northern Power can choose from among various k

12、inds of scrubbers, some of which are more effective than others.(C Northern Power is not necessarily committed to reducing harmful emissions from its plants.(D Harmful emissions from Northern Powers plants cannot be reduced more by using both methods together than by the installation of scrubbers alone.(E Aside from harmful emissions from the smokestacks of its plants, the activities ofNorthern Power do not cause significant air pollution.解析 :题干 :在烟囱上安装清洁器和转向使用清洁能源是NP 公司减排的两种方案 ,清洁器比清洁能源效果更好 ,所以只要安装了清洁器 ,NP 就在最大程度上实现了减排。下面哪一个选项是题目结论所依赖的假设条件。选项 A, 谈成本 ,无关属性 ,排除 !选项 C,谈减排的必要性 ,无关属性 ,排除 !选项