高考专项复习写作技巧之-并列句和复合句

1、并列句和复合句 高考专项复习高考专项复习 句子写作之句子写作之 一、一、并列句 并列句并列句 定义定义: 由由并列连词并列连词连接的有两个或两个连接的有两个或两个 以上独立分句的句子就是并列句。以上独立分句的句子就是并列句。 其句式结构为其句式结构为: 简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简简 单句单句。此外并列句也可用。此外并列句也可用分号连接分号连接。 并列连词分类并列连词分类: 1. 同等关系同等关系: 常用常用and, not only. . . but also. . . , both. . . and. . . , as well as, then等。等。 Work hard and

2、you will succeed sooner or later.努力工作努力工作,迟早你会成功的。迟早你会成功的。 He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 他在一班他在一班, 我在二班。我在二班。 2. 选择关系选择关系: 常用常用or, otherwise, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等。等。 Either you didnt understand this problem, or you were not careful enough. 要么你不懂这个问题要么你不懂这个问题,要么你不

3、够细心。要么你不够细心。 3. 转折关系转折关系: 常用常用but, still, yet, while等。等。 Tom became a judge while he remained a fisherman. 汤姆成了法官汤姆成了法官,然而他依然是个渔夫。然而他依然是个渔夫。 I have failed, but I shall try again. 我失败了我失败了,但我还要尝试。但我还要尝试。 She thought I was talking about her daughter, yet, in fact, I was talking about my cousin. 她认为我在谈

4、她女儿她认为我在谈她女儿, 可是可是, 事实上我在谈我表妹。事实上我在谈我表妹。 4. 因果关系因果关系: 常用常用so, for等等 He told me to do it, so I did it. 他让我这样做他让我这样做,于是我就这样做了。于是我就这样做了。 Peter went to bed early, for he felt very tired. 彼得早早地睡觉了彼得早早地睡觉了, 因为他感到非常因为他感到非常 疲惫。疲惫。 【点津点津】 “祈使句祈使句+and/or(otherwise)+简单句简单句”也是也是 并列句的一种并列句的一种, or在此意为在此意为“否则否则”。

5、Give me one more minute or I wont be able to finish it. 再多给我一分钟再多给我一分钟, 否则我不可能否则我不可能 完工。完工。 句式升级句式升级 He succeeded because of his persistence and determination and he was given a famous title the Chinese “Uncle Susan”, named after Aunt Susan in England. (冗长的并列句冗长的并列句) His persistence and determinatio

6、n have paid off with a famous title the Chinese “Uncle Susan”, named after Aunt Susan in England.(简练而简练而 高级的简单句高级的简单句) 当并列句的结构前后相同时当并列句的结构前后相同时,可以根据句意省掉可以根据句意省掉 后面或前面相同的部分。后面或前面相同的部分。 Reading makes a full man; conference (makes) a ready man; writing (makes) an exact man. 读书使人充实读书使人充实;讨论使人机智讨论使人机智;写作

7、使人准确。写作使人准确。 二、并列句的高级表达形式二、并列句的高级表达形式 1并列句的省略并列句的省略 Lets do the dishes. Ill wash (the dishes) and you dry (the dishes) 我们洗碗吧。我来洗碗我们洗碗吧。我来洗碗,你来把碗弄干。你来把碗弄干。 2祈使句祈使句and/or (else)/otherwise Study hard or (else)/otherwise you will not pass the exam.努力学习努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。否则你不会通过考试。 基础巩固基础巩固(在下面的句子中填入适当的连词在下面

8、的句子中填入适当的连词) 1 did he speak correctly, he spoke easily. 2He tried hard he didnt succeed. 3He must have been in a hurry, it was getting dark. 4He was walking on the street he found an old man fall over. 5Come early youll miss the first bus. 6Use your head youll find a way. Not only bu t als o bu t fo

9、r when or (else)/otherwise an d 二、复合句二、复合句 定义定义: 复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个 以上的从句构成的句子。以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有主句和从句都具有完整完整 的主谓结构的主谓结构, 主句是主句是全句的主体全句的主体, 从句从从句从属于主句属于主句, 不能独立存在不能独立存在。 从句分类从句分类: 根据从句在全句中的不同作用根据从句在全句中的不同作用, 从从 句可分为句可分为: 主语从句主语从句、宾语从句宾语从句、表语从句表语从句、同位同位 语从句语从句、定语从句定语从句和和状语从句状语从句。 复合句复合句

10、1. 主语从句主语从句: 在句子中充当句子主语的从句。在句子中充当句子主语的从句。 Who will go to the conference is not important. 谁将参加会议并不重要。谁将参加会议并不重要。 2. 宾语从句宾语从句: 在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 Her teacher pointed out that Zhang Hong hadnt studied hard enough. 老师指出老师指出, 张红学习不够努力。张红学习不够努力。 3. 表语从句表语从句: 在句子中起表语作用的从句。在句子中起表语作用的从句。 The q

11、uestion is whether we shall run out of food soon. 问题是我们的食物是否很快会吃完。问题是我们的食物是否很快会吃完。 4. 同位语从句同位语从句: 在复合句中充当同位语的从句。在复合句中充当同位语的从句。 He made a promise that he would never come late. 他承诺永远不会迟到。他承诺永远不会迟到。 5. 定语从句定语从句: 在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中 某一名词或代词的从句。某一名词或代词的从句。 This is just the place that Ive been

12、 longing to visit for years. 这就是我多年来一直期望去旅游的地方。这就是我多年来一直期望去旅游的地方。 6. 状语从句状语从句: 在复合句中作状语在复合句中作状语, 其位置在主句前或主其位置在主句前或主 句后。句后。 (1)时间状语从句时间状语从句通常由通常由when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, since, till(until), whenever等引导。等引导。 (2)地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由通常由where, wherever等引导。等引导。 (3)原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由通常由because,

13、since, as和和for等等 引导。引导。 (4)目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由通常由so that. . . , in order that. . . 等引导。等引导。 (5)结果状语从句结果状语从句通常由通常由so that. . . , so. . . that. . . 等等 引导引导, 往往放在句尾。往往放在句尾。 (6)比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由通常由as, than, as(so). . . as等引导。等引导。 (7)让步状语从句让步状语从句通常由通常由though (although), as, even if(even though), however, whate

14、ver等引导。等引导。 (8)条件状语从句条件状语从句通常由通常由if, unless, as long as等引导。等引导。 (9)方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由通常由as, (just)as. . . so. . . , as if, as though引导。引导。 【点津点津】如果一个句子有如果一个句子有多个谓语多个谓语, 那么这个句子那么这个句子 可能是可能是并列句或者是复合句并列句或者是复合句。如果。如果有并列连词有并列连词, 就就 是是并列句并列句, 如果没有就是如果没有就是复合句复合句。 如何写好复合句如何写好复合句 恰当地使用从句恰当地使用从句,可以使作文富有变化可以使作文富有

15、变化, 注意各种从句之注意各种从句之 间的转换。间的转换。 该规定要求你不要把邮箱密码告诉他人。该规定要求你不要把邮箱密码告诉他人。 It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. (主语从句主语从句 What is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. (主

16、语、表语从句主语、表语从句) As is required in the regulations, you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定语从句定语从句) .基础巩固基础巩固(在下面的句子中填入适当的连词在下面的句子中填入适当的连词) 1 there are lots of difficulties to overcome, she never lets her problems defeat her. 2I hear many freshmen are at a loss what to d

17、o they are at college. 3Smiling brightly, she told me she learnt from her mother had never left her. Although/Thoug h whe n that what 4Most of the pupils left school their families couldnt afford their education. 5This year, there is a new regulation some students can attend university for free. bec

18、aus e that 6. Neither Jack _ his wife can play the piano. 7. Lets go out for a walk _ you are too tired. 8. So what will happen _ you dont like your major? 9. _ he was ill, he could not go to school. 10. We chat with our colleagues all the time, _ we have lunch, or leave work together. nor unless if

19、 Because whether .能力提升能力提升 1一句多译一句多译 (1)他过去是一个善良的孩子他过去是一个善良的孩子,每个人都想和他每个人都想和他 交朋友。交朋友。 _He was so kind a boy that everyone wanted to make friends with him. (结果状语从句结果状语从句) He was so kind a boy as everyone wanted to make friends with. (定语从句定语从句) (2)他乐于助人他乐于助人,这为他赢得了好名声。这为他赢得了好名声。 _ _ _ (and连接的并列句连接的并列

20、句) _ _ _ (which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句) _ _ (动名词作主语动名词作主语) He was ready to help others and it won him a good reputation. He was ready to help others, which won him a good reputation. Being ready to help others won him a good reputation. (3)掌管这家公司的掌管这家公司的这个人上个月被指控吸毒。这个人上个月被指控吸毒。 _ _ _ (定语从句定语从句) _ _ _ (分词短语或介

21、分词短语或介 词短语作后置定语词短语作后置定语) The man who has taken charge of/been in charge of the company was charged with taking drugs last month. The man taking charge of/in charge of the company was charged with taking drugs last month. 2选用以上句子组建一篇人物介绍的小短文选用以上句子组建一篇人物介绍的小短文 参考范文参考范文: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ He was so kind a

22、boy that everyone wanted to make friends with him. When he grew up, he was ready to help others ,which won him a good reputation. But he, now taking charge of/in charge of a company, was charged with taking drugs last month. . 按照要求变换句型按照要求变换句型 1. If you dont get up now, youll be late for work. (变为并列句变为并列句) _ 2. While they have classes, theyre always gossiping. (变为省略变为省略 句句) _ 3. He is young. He knows a lot. (变为复合句变为复合句) _ Get up now, or youll be late for work. While