晚上睡不着觉,头痛失眠怎么办（Can not sleep at night, headache, insomnia, how to do）

1、社会学名词解释1（Sociological terms explained 1）1. Society: the product of human interaction, the summation of various production relations and other social relations on the basis of the production of material goods.2. Sociology: a comprehensive social science that studies the structure, function, occurrenc

2、e and development of the law from the perspective of social relations and social behavior of the changing social system as a whole.3. anthropology is between natural science and social science, interdisciplinary comprehensive study of human, as Engels said: the bridge from the morphological and phys

3、iological races and transition to the history of science.4. social needs: refers to people in a certain situation, the lack of objective things produced by the sense of demand and satisfaction of the psychological reflection5. hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow): first, a comprehensive understanding

4、of Maslows hierarchy of needs should be made. Generally speaking, peoples needs develop from low level needs to advanced ones, but in fact, peoples activities are not at the same time satisfying only one kind of activities, but there are several kinds of activities that need to coexist. At the same

5、time, there is only one activity that has an advantage, which is called need advantage. The transformation and replacement of needs in the theory of hierarchy of needs does not require the transformation and replacement of the types, but the transformation and replacement of the advantages. Secondly

6、, Maslows most important contribution lies in his views on the highest level, that is, the need for self actualization. Maslow himself thinks that this is the core of his theory of hierarchy of needs, and also the most critical and critical issue. Critics argue that self actualization is the same as

7、 western Sutters Existentialist philosophy. The basis is that both self actualization and existentialism emphasize individual existence. In fact, the two are different. Maslow called the self realization, is from the point of view of individualism, which is common in western academic to the individu

8、al as the center of the capitalist society, and individual existentialism of the so-called concrete existence, not the specific existence in social relations of people, but on the contrary that existence precedes essence, is not restricted by the society the relationship between class and condition,

9、 can have absolute freedom, when such freedom can not be satisfied, have be pessimistic and worldweary. Maslow believes that self realization is a person want to fully realize its potential genius and talent, the potential ability to inspire and encourage people to see themselves and others, and giv

10、e full play to their ability for themselves but also for others, make a career for the society. So we can fully enrich the theory we need from the positive aspects of his theory.6. ideal role: ideal role is expected and more ideal behavior norm system.7. social interaction: refers to the interaction

11、 and interaction between individuals and individuals, individuals and groups, groups and groups in order to meet certain needs.8. interpersonal relationship: a concrete manifestation of social relations. Continuous social interaction will lead to certain social relations. The relationship between in

12、dividual and individual is called interpersonal communication, and the relationship formed in interpersonal relationship is called interpersonal relationship.9. social relations: a common contact or behavior pattern formed by people in social times.10. social status: also called social position. It

13、refers to the position of a person in a social relationship system.11. fashion: a collective act of collective fascination. It is characterized by new hall or unconventional, short time, display and show off.Scene 12.: the situation or scene that people face before they act. It includes the relation

14、ship between people, people, the process of interaction, the time, the place and the situation, etc. as the subject of behavior.13.: the role consciousness refers to people in a role, clearly aware that they are responsible for certain responsibility, realize social and others on their own behavior

15、expectations, and determined efforts to express the expectations of society with their own actions.14. people: refers to a society from birth, from uninformed biological individuals, through continuous learning knowledge, skills and social norms, cultivate and improve their social needs,To develop t

16、heir own sociality and integrate themselves into the community so as to enable the society to continue and develop.15. re socialization: it is different from the continuing socialization, he has a specific meaning of socialization, which refers to people with deviant behavior in social life, by the

17、relevant judicial and public security departments of the asylum, compulsory education in the process of. The phenomenon of re socialization is generally committed to adults who have committed transgression, including teenagers who have passed away from family and school and have done deviant things

18、in society. The purpose of re socialization is to change the world view of the deviant by a specific institution, so that it can accept the social stipulation, the life style and the behavior pattern which conforms to the majority peoples benefit.16. continuous socialization: General socialization p

19、rocess refers to a person from birth to adolescence, is 20 years old, but the changes in the social environment, everyone is constantly changing, can not think of early learning, life will be enough, so to continue to socialization, live and learn, not only as for the backward, deserted by the socie

20、ty.Second questions: explanation of nouns17. social groups: people formed through mutual exchanges, continuous social relations of the crowd.The 18. family: a social unit in which people live together with marriage and blood ties.19. X theory and Y Theory: This is the two hypothesis of human nature

21、put forward by Mcgregor, a management scientist. X theory suggests that ordinary people are inherently averse to work. Evasion of responsibility, lack of ambition, the pursuit of security, and thus must be controlled, and the threat of punishment, to enable them to achieve organizational goals and p

22、roper effort; Y theory that most people are not born without love, in appropriate conditions they will pursue the responsibility, and regarded as a target in achievement with the reward, they can implement self command and self control of their participation in the target, and most people have the a

23、bility to solve the problems in the organization.20. management structure: the German sociologist Max Webb according to the social organization of post stratification, power classification, set Branch, each layer of pure ideal point of view put forward the organization structure and management mode.

24、21. organizational goals: the organization strives for the future state of hope.22. social differentiation: refers to the differences between individuals or groups in society and accepted by society.23. class: in the Marx theory, a class is the most authoritative definition is given: the so-called L

25、enin class, this is some of the big group, these different visit group located in the history of a certain social production system status, the relationship of the means of production (the relationship mostly in the law the provisions of the labor organization in the society), the role of the differ

26、ent ways and thus obtained the amount of wealth they control are also different. The so-called class, is such a group, because they are in a certain socio-economic structure in the status of different, one of the groups can occupy another group of labor.The 24. class consciousness: in essence, it is

27、 not a reflection of suffering and the plight of the bottom, but should be the awareness of how this class is liberated.The 25. social stratum is the stratification within the social class and the liberalization of the outside class.26. overall goal: the goal of a social organization as a system.27.

28、 social stratification: the so-called stage, is such a group, because they are in a certain social and economic structure in different position, one of the groups can occupy another group of labor.The class of the 28. class: because of the different relations of class, status and power, it forms dif

29、ferent levels or social ranks. The division of labor and their social values and grades constitute the basis of social stratification. In the feudal society of slave society, the class difference was fixed by the rank of residents, and the special legal status of each class was determined for each c

30、lass, which was the class of rank.29. social system: macro, meso and micro points,Macro social system refers to a countrys overall social economic system, social system view refers to the social relations and behavior rule system important social life in the field of micro social system refers to th

31、e specific rules. Sociological Research on social system focuses on the meso scale, that the social system is to meet human needs of society, standard system formed in the historical and realistic conditions, social relations and social activities related to the.30. Institutionalization: when the so

32、cial system is finalized, when people appear in a certain social angle, their behavior is often predictable, and will be accepted by society and considered to be legitimate and legitimate. If you deviate from the law, you will be punished.31. social control: the process of using social forces to res

33、trict and restrict peoples behavior so as to keep consistent with the established social norms. The narrow sense of social control refers to the restriction of deviant behavior.32. formal social control and informal social control: refers to the classification of social control types. It includes cu

34、stoms, morality and religion control, power, law and discipline control, public opinion and group consciousness control 36. morality: the sum of behavior norms centered on the evaluation of good and evil.33. Customs: people gradually formed and abide by customs and habits in the long-term common lif

35、e.34. Religion: a belief and normative system associated with God or sacred things.35. public opinion: also known as the general will, for an event or phenomenon roughly the same views on all forms of speech to the society, is a public evaluation for this event or phenomenon, yes or no. Public opini

36、on can affect peoples behavior to a certain extent and play the role of social control.36. social problems: refers to the human environment disorder, affecting the general social members of the normal life and social progress, need to use social forces to solve the problem.37. population problem: th

37、e population in quantity or quality is not in line with the objective requirements of social development, thereby affecting the existence and development of their own phenomenon.38. North-South dialogue: refers to the South China and coastal areas of the economy is more developed than the northern r

38、egion, on the road to socialism, in order to achieve common prosperity, and coordinated development.39. social insurance (Social Security): is the state and society in accordance with the laws of unable to participate in normal work or accidents that can not maintain the basic life of social members

39、 to provide minimum economic assistance, to guarantee the basic living standard.40. social insurance system: social insurance system is the state and society through legislation, in the worker or all members of society because of old age, illness, disability or other reasons due to loss of the abili

40、ty to work and life difficulties, provided material assistance to ensure a security system, the basic needs of life.41. primitive social system: refers to the existence of the early stage of human society, the most basic social system dependent on human survival, including the economic system and fa

41、mily system.42. formal control: a social or organizational form of social behavior, which is formed by comparative social and behavioral norms to restrain peoples behavior and maintain normal order of social control.43. deviant behavior: also known as violations, it is individual or group violations

42、 of their behavior should comply with the norms of social behavior. Deviance is a specific social behavior norm under specific conditions. It is a deviation from the expected role behavior of a society or a group.35. formal social control and informal social control: refers to the classification of

43、social control types. It includes customs, moral and religious control, political power, the control of law and discipline, the control of public opinion and group consciousness.44. social change: refers to a society, social structure of the social system and peoples way of life, social role model c

44、hange process.45. role model: refers to a society, social structure of the social system and peoples way of life, social role model change process.Forty-sixDavid always said: from the Warring States period of Yin Yang and five expert Zou Yan proposed. Zou Yan believes that the development of history

45、 in the circle of five phases of victory, by the soil began, and finally returned to earth, each dynasty history, reflects the five elements of a force dominant position. This theory sees the change of history, and there is an inevitable trend. However, it regards history change as a cycle process a

46、nd falls into historical cycle theory and fatalism.47. social mobility: broad sense and narrow sense of two aspects. Generalized social mobility refers to the movement of individuals, families, and other social groups between different social sectors. The narrow sense of social mobility generally re

47、fers to the change of individual social status.48. flow rate: flow rate = (class number, number of people not moved) / class total number.49. lifestyle: lifestyle refers to the type and characteristics of the types of peoples life manifested in a certain group of people.50. Rome Club: an important i

48、nstitution to study modernization. In 1968, by the Italy entrepreneur A? Peccei and British scientists A? gold co sponsored organization. The club sees the world as a whole and presents a global system view of the interplay and interaction of various global issues. It advocates the solution of major

49、 human problems from the global perspective, and applies the world dynamic model to complex quantitative research, and uses various scientific knowledge to integrate those complex problems. They are pessimistic about the future of human society.51. information society: refers to the information has

50、become the most important resources of the society, also known as the information age. The future according to the great changes at the end of this century at the beginning of the next century social life possible, that the information society has five major characteristics: the decisive role of the

51、 capital but not the information knowledge in the social and economic development and production. Secondly, intelligence is dense, and intelligence becomes the driving force of economy and society. Third, the growth of value is realized by knowledge. Care for the future and study the future. Diversi

52、fication, decentralization and miniaturization.52. social convergence theory: put forward by Ding Bogen, an economist in Holland in 1961. The socialist economy is gradually deviating from the planned economic model, while the capitalist economy is deviating from the laissez faire private economic mo

53、del, and the two systems attract each other and become more and more similar.53. dependency theory: dependency theory holds that the world economy is a system consisting of the core and the periphery, which is composed of western developed countries and non western underdeveloped countries. The econ

54、omy between the core and the periphery is unequal, and the developed countries in the West exploit the underdeveloped countries through unequal trade, which leads to the underdevelopment of the latter.54.: the world system theory was first proposed by the American sociologist Immanuel wallerstein. T

55、o examine the development and change of the whole century and its parts from the point of view of system. It is pointed out that the world is a whole, a world capitalist economic system, referred to as system, and regarded developed and underdeveloped countries as the elements of structure. Accordin

56、g to the world system theory, the western developed countries exploited and plundered the underdeveloped countries through economic contacts and unequal trade.55. hole: French sociologist and philosopher in his philosophical masterpiece published in the 1830s issue of positivism tutorial in one book

57、, first proposed the sociology of the new term and general idea of establishing the science. The cornerstone of Comtes social system is the evolutionary process of historical development. He put forward the evolution history of the world, the development of human wisdom can be divided into Theology

58、and metaphysics, the empirical stage three stage; he proposed the observation method, experimental method, comparative method and history method four research methods; he also proposed social statics and the social dynamic important concept, the former is study on the social structure and social sys

59、tem, the latter is the process of social development and social progress.56. Spencer: the founder of the school of biology. He explored various forms of human social evolution,The purpose is to make people understand the behavior of human beings and know that at the specific stage of evolution, those ideas are more suitable for