新视野大学英语读写教程 单元

1、Spring festival Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year, which falls on a different date each year. Although Spring Festival has changed much in recent years, there are still some traditional ways of observing(庆祝) it. Sweeping(扫尘) Days before the New Year, every family is busy giving its house a tho

2、rough cleaning. People also give their doors and window- panes a new paint, usually in red color. Paper-cuts and couplets They decorate the doors and windows with paper-cuts and couplets with the very popular theme of happiness, wealth, longevity and satisfactory marriage with more children. New Yea

3、rs Eve On New Years Eve, supper is a feast, with all members coming together. One of the most popular course is jiaozi, dumplings boiled in water. After dinner, it is time for the whole family to sit up for the night while watching TV programs dedicated to the occasion. At midnight, the whole sky wi

4、ll be lit up by fireworks and firecrackers Very early the next morning, the family start out to say greetings from door to door, first their relatives and then their neighbors. children receive their presents in terms of cash wrapped up in red paper packages. （压岁钱） The Lantern Festival The 15th day

5、of the new year is called the Lantern Festival, which is celebrated at night with lantern displays and folk dances . The Lantern Festival marks the end of the New Year season and afterwards life becomes daily routines once again. Time flies. The Spring Festival passed and we begin a new term now. Cu

6、lture Shock Objectives 1. Talk about time consciousness of Americans. 2. Learn about cultural differences. 3. Enlarge vocabulary. 4. Learn to read for main ideas. 1 1 Lets talk aboutLets talk about Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences vTalk aTalk about stressbout stress 1. greetings 2. thinking

7、3. expressing ideas 4. educating 5. parenting 6. responding to compliments in the second, the main point is illustrated from several aspects; and in the third, restatement and emphasis of the main point is given. For details II. Text Analysis - Structure Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structu

8、re Back The author comes straight to the point: Americans attitudes towards time: Americans value time a n d s a v e t i m e carefully. Time is regarded as precious resources. Americans work hard at the task of saving time. They save time not only in their daily life, business but also in their work

9、. This is illustrated by the foreigners first impression of the U . S . . B e s i d e s , Americans create a series of devices to save time. By making contrast between Americans viewpoint on time and that of those from other cultures, the author emphasizes the main idea : In American culture, it is

10、taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. (L1) become bit by bit further behind (with) fail to produce sth. at the proper time Americans think no one k

11、eeps motionless, everyone moves and advances. If you are not moving ahead, you will become further behind. fall behind sb./sth. become bit by bit further behind Hes been falling behind his group members in English. 他在英语方面一直落后于同组同学。 fall behind with sth. fail to produce sth. at the proper time 我工作拖下来

12、了，我得想办法赶上。 This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. (L2) 后置后置 定语定语 As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and exploring. commit sb./sth. to (doing) sth. commit oneself to sth

13、. devote to (doing) sth. Decide your choice and tell why: 1. Everybody _ on earth is pulled downwards by the earth. A. located B. locating 2. The gardens _ with beautiful flowers sparkled in the heavy dew. A. crowding B. crowded 3. He didnt wish it _ . A. mentioned B. mentioning B B A Time is one of

14、 the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.(L3) 独立主格结构独立主格结构 The structure is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject+v-ing/v-ed 本句可改为：本句可改为： Time is one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor. 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同， 它独立存在

15、。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不 定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词) +介词短语； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词)+副词构成 1)The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试 结束了，我们开始放假。 2)This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。 3)Weather perm

16、itting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 4)He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到 了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 5)He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。 With的复合结构作独立主格:with +名词(代词)+现在分词/ 过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood ther

17、e, with his hand raise. No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. 没有做进一步的讨论没有做进一步的讨论, 会议就告结束了。会议就告结束了。 Time is one of the two elements that American save carefully, with the other being labor. The structure is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with+subject+v-ing/v-ed 吃完午饭吃完午饭, 所有客

18、人都回到了起居室。所有客人都回到了起居室。 Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. With lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting- room. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: 1. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. (L5) only slave to drink; slave to money We are slaves to nothing but the clock.

19、(L5) nothing but 仅仅，只是 他过去只喝咖啡。 He used to drink nothing but coffee. 我们什么都不能做只有等待。 We can do nothing but wait. *anything but 绝不 我决不到那里去。 I will do anything but go there. * none but 仅仅，只有（指人） budget vt.（L6） 学校编列了一百万美元建新图书馆的预算。 She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully. The school

20、 budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 她忙极了,所以必须好好安排时间。 Words and ExpressionsWord Using plan the spending of budget for vi. 小两口为下一年定预算。 The young couple budgeted for the coming year. Words and ExpressionsWord Using save or spend money for budget n. 量入为出是很重要的。 It is essential to balance one

21、s budget. Words and ExpressionsWord Using a plan to show how much a person will be able to spend budget adj. 他以低廉的价钱买下这所房子。 He bought the house at a budget price. Words and ExpressionsWord Using inexpensive, cheap account for give a satisfactory explanation for 珍妮不得不向父亲说明每一个便士是怎 么花的。 account for be

22、a proportion of sth. 女生占我们班一半人数。 * Take into account 考虑到，把考 虑在内 当你做重要决定时，你应该把所有因素考 虑在内。 When you are making an important decision, you should take all the factors into account. count vi. If sth. counts, its important or valuable; vt. calculate 考试前，每一秒钟都很重要。 The government raced the new law through a

23、ll its stages so as to complete it before the election. do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV. 那孩子为看电视转播的足球赛而匆匆做完作业。那孩子为看电视转播的足球赛而匆匆做完作业。 政府在制定这项新法律的各阶段都是匆匆完成，以便在大政府在制定这项新法律的各阶段都是匆匆完成，以便在大 选前完成立法。选前完成立法。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: race thro

24、ugh Racial discrimination an abrupt attitude 无礼的态度无礼的态度 an abrupt change of policy 突然改变政策突然改变政策 an abrupt drop in oil prices 油价突降油价突降 abrupt adj. 1) (of behavior) rough 2) sudden and unexpected 当我询问她的新工作时当我询问她的新工作时, 她对我态度非常粗鲁。她对我态度非常粗鲁。 会谈突然结束。会谈突然结束。 When I asked her about her new job, she was quit

25、e abrupt with me. The meeting came to an abrupt end. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: 12. 认为某事是针对某人的认为某事是针对某人的 to take sth. personally (L19)(L. 18) 当老板进行泛泛的批评时，不要对号入座。当老板进行泛泛的批评时，不要对号入座。 活学活用活学活用 When the boss makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally. 上一页上一页 不得当地，不得体地不得当地，不得体地 beyond a

26、certain appropriate point (L. 21) 爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏, ,甚甚 至毁了孩子。至毁了孩子。 Love adds health to the growth of children, but the love beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined. 上一页上一页 Theyll miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or

27、 coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (L23) Theyll be sad because theyll not have the usual exchanges that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country. Interaction C, U communication; workin

28、g together交流；相互 作用，相互影响，合作 Increased interaction between different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 警方间加强合作可以提高破案率。 convention n. customary practice 习俗，惯例 男子在正式场合穿西装是一种惯例。 Happiness does not go as an automatic result with money. 有钱不一定就幸福。有钱不一定就幸福。 exist or take place at the sa

29、me time, be found together 当了父亲责任就随之而来。当了父亲责任就随之而来。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: go with probe 1). examine (sth.) closely刺探，查究，探究，彻底 调查 She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 探究他的心思 2). explore or examine (sth.) with or as if with a pro

30、be（用 探针或探测器）检查，探查 The surgeon probed for the bullet in the mans back.试图 探查出那个男子背部的子弹。 Searchlights probed the night sky.探照灯探索夜空。 We must not think of this writer as a radical socialist politician, much less a leader of a revolution. 我们不应该把这位作家看作是激进的社会政治家，更别说是革我们不应该把这位作家看作是激进的社会政治家，更别说是革 命的领袖了。命的领袖了。

31、 and even less likely 她连水也不肯喝一口她连水也不肯喝一口, 更别说留下吃饭了。更别说留下吃饭了。 She wouldnt take a drink, still/much less would she stay for dinner. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: much less (also still less) Much less to read a lot outside of it taking into account Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given th

32、at they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。 Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. 看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应是适合她的职业。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: given (that) prep. Given her interest in

33、 children, teaching should be the right career for her. keep sth. for future use, not use up sth. Save your strength for hard work youll have to do later. 养精蓄锐以应付今后你得去做的繁重工作。养精蓄锐以应付今后你得去做的繁重工作。 你能不能把你的故事留在以后告诉我你能不能把你的故事留在以后告诉我? FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: save . for Can you save your story for later?

34、Her question was not related to the matter at hand. 她提的问题跟正在考虑的事情无关。她提的问题跟正在考虑的事情无关。 Realizing that the end of his career is near at hand, he looked for some additional income. 意识到退休在即意识到退休在即, 他寻找额外的收入。他寻找额外的收入。 2) near in time or place 1) under discussion or being considered 手边有合适的设备可用将非常有帮助。手边有合适的

35、设备可用将非常有帮助。 Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: at hand We thought she did not like us, whereas in fact she was very shy. 我们以为她不喜欢我们，然而事实是因为她很害羞。我们以为她不喜欢我们，然而事实是因为她很害羞。 They want a house, whereas/while we would rather live in a flat. 他们想住一所房子他们想住一所房子, 可

36、我们宁愿住在一套公寓房里。可我们宁愿住在一套公寓房里。 but, in contrast: while 他们国家石油丰富他们国家石油丰富, 而我们国家则一点也没有。而我们国家则一点也没有。 Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none. FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: whereas conj. In the eyes of the critical professionals, he can do no wrong. 在评论家看来，他是不会错的。在评论家看来，他是不会错的。 in the opi

37、nion or judgment of someone 在大家的心目中，专家总是对的。在大家的心目中，专家总是对的。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: in ones eyes The expert is always right in the eyes of everybody. He is worthy of our praise/help. 他值得我们表扬他值得我们表扬/ / 帮助。帮助。 acts worthy of punishment 应该受到惩罚的行为应该受到惩罚的行为 merit, deserve worth, worthy, worthwhile FOR E

38、XAMPLE: be worthy of worth It is worth (doing) sth. worthy Sth. is worthy of + n. /being done /to be done worthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 这件事值得考虑。这件事值得考虑。 The matter is worth consideration/considering. The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered. It is worthwhile consid

39、ering/to consider the matter. Now you try: merit, deservebe worthy of Its not hard to get the boy talking; the problem is stopping him. 让这个孩子说话并不难；难的是让他闭上嘴。让这个孩子说话并不难；难的是让他闭上嘴。 make sth. /sb. do sth. 你能让这辆旧车重新跑起来吗？你能让这辆旧车重新跑起来吗？ Can you get the old car going again? FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: get sth.

40、 /sb. doing (sth.) acute run out of replace in a rush restlessly race through interaction nothing but leisurely impatiently communication fine/sharp; severe/great only without hurry take the place of use up/flow out of do sth. in a hurry in a hurry I. Matching Game excellent physically present, by o

41、neself in contrast, while exist at the same time carry out be able to do sth. bring sth. to a completion， satisfy near in time/place meaning, importance go with significance conduct be at hand in person superb whereas be competent to do fulfill 停滞不前 消磨时间 要价 承受压力 生活节奏 开场白/寒暄 礼节性交往 而不是 金钱的奴隶 pace of l

42、ife ritual interaction stand still opening exchanges rather than slave to money kill time be under pressure charge (money) for sth. II. Chinese to English 1. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. (L5) 2. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee (L23) 3.

43、 To us has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.(L38) 4. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. (L39) Find out the active expressions:Find out the active expressions: Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1. nothing but + n. / pron. / to do 只 2

44、. go with sth. 伴随 3. at hand 在附近 临近的 4. in person 亲自，亲身 Active ExpressionsActive Expressions Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1. 他成天什么也不干，只知道睡觉。 2. 幸福未必伴随金钱而来。 3. 他写东西时，手边总放着一本字典。 4. 在中国，要开银行账户，需本人亲自去 银行办理。 Notes to the TextActive Expressions Tips 1. There he did nothing but sleep all day long. 2

45、. Happiness doesnt necessarily go with money. 3. When he writes, he always keep a dictionary at hand . 4. If one wants to open a bank account in China, he must go to the bank in person. Notes to the TextActive Expressions More Practice 1. 她瘦得只剩下皮包骨了。 2. 健康欠佳与贫穷常常如影相随。 3. 圣诞节就要到了，你有什么节目吗？ 4. 合同必须亲自去那

46、签，不能邮寄的。 Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1.Shes nothing but skin and bones! 2.Ill health often goes with poverty. 3.The Christmas Day is almost at hand, have you got any idea for it? 4.Youve to go sign for a contract in person, they cant just mail it. Notes to the TextActive Expressions 她一到我们就开始

47、。 一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。 Once she arrives, we can start. Once you get into a bad habit, youll find it hard to get out of it. Notes to the TextFocus Study 2. which though pleasant, take longer especially given our traffic-filled streets. given + n./ that clause , 如果有, 假如；考虑到 Practice Notes to the TextFocus

48、Study 考虑到他们缺乏经验,他们算做得很出色了。 如果照样再给他治疗一次，他肯定会痊愈。 Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. Notes to the TextFocus Study A After-reading fter-reading A Activitiesctivities In America, theres another saying about time: “We are slaves to nothing but the clock.” How do you understand this saying? American culture is a time-conscious culture and people value time highly. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. Many people have a rather acute(敏感的敏感的) sense of the shortness o