2020-2021学年高中英语 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS课时作业新人教版选择性必修第二册

1、2020-2021学年高中英语 unit 1 science and scientists课时作业新人教版选择性必修第二册2020-2021学年高中英语 unit 1 science and scientists课时作业新人教版选择性必修第二册年级：姓名：unit 1science and scientists(满分：120分建议用时：120分钟)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题25分， 满分375分)阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出最佳选项。ahow cool can libraries be in an era(时代)of ipods a

2、nd kindles？more than you think. only if you know where to go. central library：seattle, washington, united statesthe central library in seattle is modern and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. it was designed by dutch architect rem koolhaas and american

3、 designer joshua ramus. tours began in 2006，two years after its opening. the library holds various art exhibitions，book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime. trinity college library：dublin, irelandthe trinity col

4、lege library in dublin is the oldest library in ireland, founded in 1592 by queen elizabeth it is the largest single library in the world, also known as the long room, which contains more than 200,000 of the librarys oldest books. the long room houses one of the oldest harps(竖琴)in ireland. dating ba

5、ck to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol of ireland. geisel library, university of california: san diego, united statesat first glance，it looks like a spaceship. architect william pereira，who helped design actual space launch facilities at cape canaveral in houston, texas, de

6、signed the library in 1970it has been featured in scifi films, short stories and novels. the library hosts “dinner in the library”， which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from distinguished authors. tu delft library：delft, netherlandsthe library at the delft university of tec

7、hnology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum. the building itself exists beneath the ground，so you cant really see the actual library. what makes it interesting is the roof，which is a grassy hill. the roof covers 5,500 square meter

8、s. and it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area. ()1which of the four libraries has the longest history?acentral library. btrinity college library. cgeisel library. dtu delft library. ()2what makes geisel library different from the others is that_. afamous writers o

9、ften deliver speeches therebit has a roof of grassy hillcqueen elizabeth i founded the librarydit is the largest single library in the world()3in central library，you can_. abuy souvenirsbdrink cocktailscenjoy scifi filmsdsee the old harp【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四座世界闻名的图书馆，表明在信息时代，图书馆以自己的方式彰显了其特有的魅力。1b细节理解题

10、。根据全文可知，美国中央图书馆于2004年开放；三一学院图书馆成立于1592年；盖泽尔图书馆是在1970被设计的；代尔夫特理工大学图书馆于1997年被建造。因此三一学院图书馆的历史最悠久。2a细节理解题。根据第四段的“the library hosts dinner in the library，which invites readers for cocktails，and also a special speech from distinguished authors. ”可知，四个选项中只有a项为盖泽尔图书馆的特点。3a细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“. . . and scan thr

11、ough the gift shop anytime. ”可知，人们可以在中央图书馆买到纪念品。bedwin hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. today, other astronomers continue the work he began. many of them are using the hubble space telescope that is named after him. edwin powell hubble was born in 1889 in marshfield, missouri

12、. he spent his early years in the state of kentucky. then he moved with his family to chicago, in louisville. he attended the university of chicago. he studied mathematics and astronomy. hubble was a good student. he was a good athlete, too. he was a member of the university of chicago championship

13、basketball team in 1909. he also was an excellent boxer. several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college. instead, he decided to continue his studies. he went to queens college at oxford, england. at oxford, hubble studied law. he was interested in briti

14、sh common law, because his family had come to america from england many years before. he spent three years at oxford. in 1913, hubble returned to the united states. he opened a law office in louisville, kentucky. after a short time, however, he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. he returned to

15、the university of chicago. there, once again, he studied astronomy. edwin hubble was the first person to use the hale telescope. he died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky. hubbles work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. one astrono

16、mer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. and, he said, there is a long way to go. ()4according to this passage edwin hubble was most interested in_. asportsblaw castronomydmathematics()5edwin hubble returned to the university of chicago because_. ahe was interested in british

17、 common lawbhe was eager to be a famous judge in futurechis parents had been to britain a few years beforedhe wanted to go on with the study of astronomy()6which of the following is the right order according to this passage?ahe joined the university of chicago championship basketball team. bhe studi

18、ed astronomy at the university of chicago once again. che moved to louisville with his family. dhe used the hale telescope to look at the sky. ehe became a lawyer in louisville for a short period of time. ac, a, b, d, eba, c, b, e, dcc, a, e, b, dda, b, d, e, c()7from this passage we can know that_.

19、 athe hubble space telescope was made by hubble himselfbedwin powell hubble went to oxford，england in 1910cedwin powell hubble grew up in marshfield，missouridhubble died while he was looking at the sky【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了科学家哈勃的成长和学习经历，直到最后从事天文学研究的过程。4c细节理解题。第二段和第三段描述了哈勃的学习历程，其中提到了他所涉猎的学科，根据最后的选择能看出他对天文学最感兴

20、趣。5d细节理解题。由第三段倒数第三、四句可知，他回到芝加哥大学的目的是为了继续学习天文学。6c文章排序题。根据全文的介绍可知，哈勃先是随家人搬到路易斯维尔的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大学加入了篮球队，之后他从英国回来做了一段时间的律师，然后又学习天文学，最后第一个使用了hale望远镜。7b推理判断题。根据第二段最后和第三段开头，结合 “he spent three years at oxford. in 1913, hubble returned to the united states. ”可知，他是于1910年去的英国，三年后又回到美国。cdroughts(干旱) caused by glob

21、al climate change have led to a drop in wheat production, a worldwide shortage and high food prices around the world. the global wheat supply is at its lowest point in 50 years, with only an estimated 10 weeks of supply left. this has been one factor pushing the prices of bread, beer and other wheat

22、containing foods steadily higher. according to hilton dinner, a bakery owner from edmonton, canada, the price of flour has more than doubled over the past eight months. in 19 years of business, dinner said，he has never seen prices rise like this. “prices creep up seasonably, ” he said. “they might g

23、o up 10 percent, then down 5 percent. they never go back to where they started，but they creep. this is not creeping, this is drastic. ”also to blame for the global wheat shortage is the rising population, coupled with increasing meat consumption worldwide. this has led to the increasing diversion of

24、 grain to animal feed. analysts anticipate that the shortage may be resolved within 12 months, as farmers pull fallow land into wheat production. but even when the shortage resolves, food prices are only expected to keep climbing due to other factors，such as high energy and shipping costs. “its not

25、something thats going to go away, ” dinner said. “food in general is going to go up. as wheat goes up，so does the price of eggs and chicken because they eat grainbased feed. it affects people who cant afford to pay more for their food. ”public health experts have expressed concern about the effect t

26、hat rising food prices have on the poor. the united nations recently reported that in 2007, the cost of food imports in the worlds neediest countries increased 24 percent, to a total of $107 billion. ()8the indirect reason for a drop in wheat production is _. athe droughtbthe global climate changect

27、he shipping costdthe rising population()9according to the first paragraph，the prices of wheat products rise _. asuddenlybgraduallycslowlydrapidly()10the wheat shortage may disappear if _. athe empty lands are used to plant wheatbthe shipping costs are falling downcchickens dont feed on wheat any mor

28、edbeer isnt made from wheat any more()11the passage mainly tells us that _. apoor people cant afford foodbthe rising population leads to high food pricescthe global climate change causes wheat shortagedfood prices are going to go down【语篇导读】气候变化引起干旱，干旱又引起小麦产量的下降，产量下降又引起小麦价格的上涨。8b细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “droug

29、hts(干旱)caused by global climate change have led to a drop in wheat production, a worldwide shortage and high food prices around the world. ”可知，全球气候变化引起的干旱已经导致小麦产量下降，全球短缺和世界各地的粮食价格高涨。9d推理判断题。根据第一段特别是 “the price of flour has more than doubled over the past eight months”可知，小麦产品的价格上涨非常快。10a细节理解题。根据第四段第一

30、句 “analysts anticipate that the shortage may be resolved within 12 months，as farmers pull fallow land into wheat production. ”可知，答案为a项。11c主旨大意题。本文讲述的是因为气候的变化引起小麦的短缺。故c为文章的主旨大意。dthe sea is home to billions of plants and animals. many live only near the sunlit surface. oceanographers classify marine l

31、iving beings by separating them into two main groups：plants and animals. there are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water. the rooted plants in the ocean are only foun

32、d in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis(光合作用) in deeper waters. since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean，most of the ocean is not capable of supporting rooted plants. the most plenty plants in the ocean are known as phytoplank

33、ton(浮游生物)these are usually singlecelled，minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean. to grow，phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight. marine animals are divided into three groups：zooplankton，nekton，and benthos. zooplankton are drifting an

34、imals and are usually small, however, they can grow to fairly large size. for example, the jellyfish and the portuguese manofwar are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(推进) themselves effectively. nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest portion of familia

35、r animals found in the ocean belong to this class. common fishes，the octopus，whales，eels and squid are all examples of nekton. the third type of sea animals spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom. this group of marine animals is called the benthos. some of these creatures, such as lobsters

36、 and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment. ()12the text mainly tells us something about _. amarine plants and marine animalsbtwo types of sea plantscthree kinds of sea animal

37、sdsmall and big animals in the ocean()13why cant we find the rooted plants in deep water of the ocean?abecause there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean. bbecause the rooted plants cant stand the coldness of the ocean. cbecause there is not enough sunlight for them in deep water. dbecause

38、the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots. ()14one of the characteristics of zooplankton is that _. athey are small and never grow to large sizebsome of the zooplankton cant swim effectivelycthey can swim freely in deep water of the oceandthey need more sunlight than other

39、 animals in the ocean()15according to the last paragraph，we can conclude that _. abenthos live on the surface of the ocean waterbsome of the benthos cant live without the ocean floorcbenthos spend most of their time swimming in the oceandbenthos can move about in the middle of the sea water【语篇导读】海洋是

40、成千上万种动物和植物的家乡。海洋植物主要有两种：有根植物和浮游植物；海洋动物大体可分为三类：浮游动物、游泳动物和海底动物。12a主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了海洋生物的分类(海洋植物和海洋动物)以及他们的特点。13c细节理解题。根据第二段可知，有根植物不能生存在很深的海底是因为那儿没有充足的阳光来进行光合作用。14b细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句 “for example, the jellyfish and the portuguese manofwar are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(

41、推进)themselves effectively(例如，水母和葡萄牙军舰就是大型浮游动物的例子，它们不能有效地推进自己)”可知，它们不能有效地游泳。15b细节理解题。根据短文最后一句 “some of these creatures, such as lobsters and snails, may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environme

42、nt(其中一些生物，比如龙虾和蜗牛，也许能够在海底移动，但它们的生活方式与海底紧密相连，因此它们无法离开这个环境生存)”可知，benthos离开海底不能生存。第二节(共5小题；每小题25分， 满分125分)阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。eyes can speakmuch meaning can be conveyed，clearly，with our eyes，so it is often said that eyes can speak. _16_ in a bus you may look at a stranger，but not

43、 for too long. and if he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable. the same is true in our daily life. if you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. _17_ eyes do speak, right?looking too long at some

44、one may seem to be rude and aggressive. _18_ if a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. he wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. however，when two people are engaged in a conversation，the speak

45、er will only look into the listeners eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is saying. _19_ if a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you，you will feel awkward. a poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too

46、long at the victim. he wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. _20_actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. aon the contrary, it will give him away. bdo you have such kind of experience? cthats what normal eye c

47、ontact is all about. dactually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only. eafter all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. fbut things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. gif nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. 【语篇导读】本

48、文是一篇说明文。我们可以通过眼睛传递很多信息，在不同的环境里，其意义也不同。从某种程度上来说，眼睛会说话。16b根据下文所举的公交车上的事例可知，b项“你是否有过这种经历？”可以引出下文所举的事例，符合语境。17g上文提到如果有人长时间地盯着你，你就会检查自己全身是否什么地方有不当之处；而g项意为“如果没什么问题的话，你会因别人那样盯着你而恼怒”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。18f上文提到一直盯着他人似乎有些不礼貌；但下文提到当一位男性长时间盯着一位女性时，他的意图很明显。f项意为“但是当谈到盯着异性时，情况就不一样了”，与上下文呼应，构成了转折，符合语境。19c上文提到当两个人谈话的时候，

49、说话人通常会不时地直视听话人，以确保听话人在专心听自己讲话，下文谈到的是谈话时如果一直盯着听话人，就会显得想要控制他，这会使听话人感觉很不舒服。由此可知，上文提到的是谈话时正常的眼神交流，下文则指的是不正常的，尴尬的。c项意为“那是正常的眼神交流”，总结上文话题，并引出下文不正常眼神交流的对比，符合语境。20a上文提到不太会说谎的人会误认为直视对方是诚恳交流的标志。a项意为“与此相反，那会将他出卖”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。s

50、uperdad alan lawrence, a photographer from utah, has posted some amazing photos of his son flying in the air. lawrence says his twoyearold _21_ wil was born with a terrible diseasedown syndrome, but lawrence is determined that this wont hold him _22_ in life. when wil was little, he would lie on his

51、 stomach and _23_ his arms and legs like he was flying. “it wasnt something any of my other kids did. my family would always _24_ that he was trying so hard that one day he would start _25_，” lawrence told usa today network. he decided to make wils flight a _26_ by using photoshop to create images o

52、f wil hovering above places the family has visited. the series of _27_， called “wil can fly”， is part of a 2016 calendar, with half the earnings from sales donated to two down syndrome funds. “the series _28_ a reminder that people with down syndrome can do anything they set their minds to，” lawrenc

53、e says. though appearing happy, alan admitted that he and his wife didnt always feel so _29_. “after the doctor informed us that he had down syndrome, we had _30_. we werent quite sure what the _31_ held for our family; we were _32_ and knew very little about what to expect. ”however, these fears so

54、on _33_ wil was born. alan explains，“in the short two years since he arrived, he has helped our family grow in ways we didnt realize what we needed. our family with wil is happy. ”and now theyre on their way to _34_ this love and knowledge, saying，“we want to show the world that you can have a _35_

55、life with a child with down syndrome. ”()21a. sonbfriendcgrandsondstudent()22a. upbbackcoverdon()23a. touchbfoldchurtdraise()24a. explainbargueccomplaindjoke()25a. readingbwalkingcflyingdspeaking()26a. realitybcompetitioncgamedstory()27a. booksbphotoscarticlesdreports()28a. searches forbgoes withcma

56、kes updserves as()29a. honestboptimisticcfriendlydindependent()30a. researchedbstruggledcquarreleddbehaved()31a. companybhospitalcfuturedsport()32a. scaredbinterestedcdelighteddamused()33a. camebincreasedcdisappeareddgathered()34a. passbexpresscsharedexchange()35a. longbwholecpersonaldhappy【语篇导读】alan lawrence来自美国犹他州，他的儿子wil不幸患上唐氏综合征，而作为一个父亲，他并没有因此感到沮丧，而是通过自己的创意为儿子创造了一系列有趣的飞行图像。alan想告诉2岁的儿子，尽管他患有疾病，他还是可以做任何自己想要做的事情。21a根据首段可知，wil是alan lawrence两岁的儿子。22b根据第五段中的“the series serves as a reminder that people with down syndrome can do anything they set their minds to . . . ”可