下载本文档
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、山东农业大学 土木工程专业英语论文翻译英译汉lc assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radiation hazards due to cement industry abstractthe cement industry is considered as one of the basic industries that plays an important role in the national economy of developing countries. activity concentrations of 226ra, 23
2、2th and 40k in assiut cement and other local cement types from different egyptian factories has been measured by using -ray spectrometry. from the measured -ray spectra, specific activities were determined. the measured activity concentrations for these naturalradionuclides were compared with the re
3、ported data for other countries. the average values obtained for 226ra, 232th and 40k activity concentration in different types of cement are lower than the corresponding global values reported in unscear publications. the manufacturing operation reduces the radiation hazard parameters. cement does
4、not pose a significant radiological hazard when used for construction of buildings.keywords: natural radioactivity; cement; raw materials; radiation hazards1. introductionthe need for cement is so great. that it considered a basic industry. workers exposed to cement or its raw materials for a long t
5、ime especially in mines and at manufacturing sites as well as people, that spend about 80% of their time inside offices and homes (mollah et al., 1986; paredes et al., 1987) result in exposure to cement or its raw materials being necessary reality so we should know the radioactivity for cement and i
6、ts raw material. there are many types of cements according to the chemical composition and hydraulic properties for each one. portland cement is the most prevalent one. the contents of 226ra, 232th and 40k in raw and processed materials can varyconsiderably depending on their geological source and g
7、eochemical characteristics. thus, the knowledge of radioactivity in these materials is important to estimate the radiological hazards on human health.the radiological impact from the natural radioactivity is due to radiation exposure of the body by gamma-rays and irradiation of lung tissues from inh
8、alation of radon and its progeny (papastefanou et al., 1988). from the natural risk point of view, it is necessary to know the dose limits of publicexposure and to measure the natural environmental radiation level provided by ground, air, water, foods, building interiors, etc., to estimate human exp
9、osure to natural radiation sources (unscear, 1988). low level gamma-rayspectrometry is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative determinations of gamma-ray-emitting nuclides in the environment (iaea, 1989).the concentration of radio-elements in building materials and itscomponents are importan
10、t in assessing population exposures, as most individuals spend 80% of their time indoors. the average indoor absorbed dose rate in air from terrestrial sources of radioactivity is estimated to be70 ngy h1. indoors elevated external dose rates may arise from high activities of radionuclides in buildi
11、ng materials (zikovsky and kennedy, 1992). great attention has been paid to determining radionuclide concentrations in building materials in many countries (amrani and tahtat, 2001; rizzo et al., 2001; kumar et al., 2003; tzortzis et al., 2003). but information about theradioactivity of these materi
12、als in egypt is limited. knowledge of the occurrance and concentration of natural radioactivity in such importantmaterials is essential for checking its quality in general and knowing its effect on the environment surrounding the cement producing factories in particular.because of the global demand
13、for cement as a building material, the present study aims to:(1) assess natural radioactivity (226ra, 232th and 40k) in raw and final products used in the assiut cement factory and other local factories in egypt.(2) calculate the radiological parameters (radium equivalent activity raeq, level index
14、ir, external hazard index hex and absorbed dose rate) which is related to the external -dose rate.the results of concentration levels and radiation equivalent activities are compared with similar studies carried out in other countries.2. experimental technique2.1. sampling and sample preparationfift
15、y seven samples of raw materials and final products used in the assiut cement factories were collected for investigation. twenty five samples of raw materials were taken from (limestone, clay, slag, iron oxide, gypsum) which are all the raw material used in cement industry, 20 samples of final produ
16、cts were taken from assiut cement (portland, el-mohands, white, and sulphate resistant cement (s.r.c). for comparison with products from other factories, 8 samples were taken from the ordinary portland cement from (helwan, qena, el-kawmya, torra) and 4 samples were taken of white cement (sinai andhe
17、lwan). each sample, about 1-kg in weight was washed in distilled water and dried in an oven at about 110 c to ensure that moisture is completely removed, the samples were crushed, homogenized, and sieved through a 200 mesh, which is the optimum size to be enriched in heavy minerals.weighted samples
18、were placed in a polyethylene beaker, of 350-cm3 volume. the beakers were completely sealed for 4 weeks to reach secular equilibrium where the rate of decay of the radon daughters becomes equal to that of the parent. this step is necessary to ensure that radon gas is confined within the volume and t
19、he daughters will also remain in the sample.2.2. instrumentation and calibrationactivity measurements were performed by gamma ray spectrometry,employing a 33scintillation detector. the hermetically sealed assembly with a nai(tl) crystal is coupled to a pc-mca (canberra accuspes). resolution7.5% spec
20、ified at the 662 kev peak of 137cs. to reduce gamma raybackground a cylindrical lead shield (100 mm thick) with a fixed bottom andmovable cover shielded the detector. the lead shield contained an innerconcentric cylinder of copper (0.3 mm thick) to absorb lead x-rays. in order to determine the backg
21、round distribution in the environment around the detector, an empty sealed beaker was counted in the same manner and in the same geometry as the samples. the measurement time of activity or background was 43 200 s. the background spectra were used to correct the net peak area of gamma rays of measur
22、ed isotopes. a dedicated software program (genie 2000 from canberra) analyzed each measured -ray spectrum.3. conclusionthe natural radionuclides 226ra, 232th and 40k were measured for raw materials and final products used in the assiut cement factory in upper egypt and compared with the results in o
23、ther countries. the activity concentration of 40k is lower than all corresponding values in other countries. the activityconcentration of 226ra and 232th for all measured samples of portland cement are comparable with the corresponding values of other countries. the obtained results show that the av
24、erages of radiation hazard parameters for assiut cement factory are lower than the acceptable level 370 bq kg1 for radium equivalent raeq, 1 for level index ir, the external hazard index hex 1 and 59 (ngy h1) for absorbed dose rate. the manufacturing operation reduces the radiation hazard parameters
25、. so cement products do not pose a significant radiological hazard when used for building construction. the radioactivity in raw materials and final products of cement varies from one country to another and also within the same type of material from different locations. the results may be important
26、from the point of view of selecting suitable materials for use in cement manufacture. it is important to point out that these values are not the representative values for the countries mentioned but for the regions from where the samples were collected. 水泥工业天然放射性水平,辐射危害的评估 摘要水泥行业在发展中国家的国民经济中起着重要作用,是
27、基础产业之一。埃及当地水泥工厂生产的不同类型的艾斯尤特水泥中的镭-226,钍和40k的活度浓度等已采用-射线光谱法测定。量测的射线谱,可以对具体活动进行测定。将这些天然放射性核素活度浓度分析结果与其他国家的报告的数据进行了比较。获得不同类型的水泥镭-226,钍和40k的活度浓度的平均值低于相关科委刊物报道的全局值。这种生产经营的方式降低了辐射危害的参数。当建筑物的建设时水泥不构成重大辐射危害时。 关键词: 天然放射性; 水泥; 原料; 辐射危害1、简介水泥的需求是非常大,它被认为是基础产业。作业工人暴露于水泥或其原料很长一段时间,特别是在矿山和生产基地。另外,人们有80%的时间消耗在在办公室和
28、家中,这也会接触到水泥及其原料。所以我们有必要知道水泥及其原料放射性。按化学成分和性能可以将水泥分成多种类型。波特兰水泥是最普遍的一种。根据来源和地质地球化学特征的不同水泥原材料和加工材料的镭-226,钍和40k的含量有很大的差别。因此,估计这些材料散发的放射线对人体健康的危害就显得非常重要。天然放射性辐射的影响是由于受到伽玛射线照射和肺组织从吸入氡及其子体等。从自然风险的角度来看,有必要了解公众接触的剂量限值并测量来自水平地面,空气,水,食物,建筑物(1)评估在艾斯尤特水泥厂和埃及其他地方的工厂使用的原料和最终产品的天然放射性(镭-226,钍和40k)。(2)计算与外部剂量率有关的的辐射参数
29、(镭当量活动raeq,水平指数ir,外部危害指数hex与吸收剂量率)。与其他国家进行类似的水平和辐射等效活动的研究的结果进行比较。2、实验技术2.1取样和样品制备调查收集了57个原材料和艾斯尤特水泥工厂使用的最终产品样本。二十五个原料样品取自石灰石,粘土,矿渣,氧化铁,石膏这都是水泥工业使用的原料,20个最终产品的样品来自艾斯尤特水泥(波特兰,萨尔瓦多,mohands,白采取和抗硫酸盐水泥(src)的)。为了与其他厂家产品相比,8个样品取自普通硅酸盐水泥(赫勒万,基纳省,萨尔瓦多,kawmya,托拉)。每个样本,约14个样本取自白色水泥(西奈半岛和赫勒万)公斤重,由蒸馏水洗涤并在烤箱内干燥至1
30、10c,以确保完全清除,将样品粉碎,均质,并通过200c水分冲洗,这是最佳的重矿物富集筛选大小。加权样本被放置在一个聚乙烯烧杯中,体积为350立方厘米。烧杯要完全密封4周,以达到平衡,这时的氡气体衰变率恰巧等于母体的。这一步是必要的,以确保氡气是局限在体积内并且子气体也将保持在该示例。2.2。仪器仪表校准活度测量采用伽玛射线光谱法,使用“3 3”闪烁探测器。用碘化钠(铊)晶体耦合密封装配到pc-mca(堪培拉accuspes)。决议7.5,在662千电子伏指定137cs的高峰。伽玛射线背景,以减少使用固定和移动罩底部的圆柱形铅屏(100毫米厚)屏蔽探测器。载有屏蔽的铅,铜在同心圆筒内(0.3毫
31、米厚)吸收铅的x射线。为了确定在周围的环境背景分布探测器,一个密封的空烧杯以同样的方式计算,且以相同的几何结构为样本。该背景测量时间为43秒,背景光谱被用来纠正同位素射线测量净峰面积。一个专用的软件程序分析记录每个测量射线谱。 3。结论测定了埃及艾斯尤特水泥厂原材料天然放射性核素镭-226,并和其他国家的最终产品结果进行了比较。232th和40k的含量,40k的活度浓度比其他国家的所有相应的值略低。226ra和硅酸盐水泥为所有检测样品的钍活度浓度可媲美其他国家的相应值。得到的结果表明,对于艾斯尤特水泥厂辐射危险参数的平均值低于可接受的水平raeq 的370 bq kg1,1个一级指标ir,外部
32、危害指数hex 1和59(ngy的h - 1)吸收剂量率。降低了生产经营的辐射危害的参数。因此,水泥产品不构成重大辐射危害时,建筑施工可以使用。在原材料和最终产品的放射性水泥的变化每个国家各有不同,并与不同地区的物质材料同类型。从选择合适的使用材料观点看结果可能是重要的。需要指出的是,这些数值不能称为上述国家的代表值,而是材料采集区域的代表值。 肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅
33、螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆
34、莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄
35、蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅
36、蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅
37、蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃
38、薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄
39、薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄
40、蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂
41、蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃
42、蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃
43、螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁
44、螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀羂荿螁袂芁荿蒁蚅膇莈薃袁肃蒇蚆蚃罿蒆莅衿袅蒅蒈蚂芄蒄蚀羇膀蒃螂螀肆蒃蒂羆羂蒂薄螈芀蒁蚇羄膆薀蝿螇肂蕿葿羂羈膆薁螅羄膅螃肀芃膄蒃袃腿膃薅聿肅膂蚇袂羁膁螀蚄艿芁葿袀膅芀薂蚃肁艿螄袈肇芈蒄蚁羃芇薆羆节芆蚈蝿膈芅螁羅肄芅蒀螈羀莄薃羃袆莃蚅螆膄莂莅羁膀莁薇袄肆莀虿肀
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025年度社保工伤保险合同范本(含企业员工福利政策)3篇
- 二零二五年度企业人才招聘与培养合同3篇
- 二零二五年度国际知识产权授权合同与实施标准3篇
- 2025年度数据安全防护与应急预案制定合同3篇
- 苏州校本课程设计
- 二零二五年度幼儿园教育设施建设与房地产开发合同3篇
- 海南职业技术学院《全科医学概论A》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
- 旋转洗瓶机课程设计
- 海南卫生健康职业学院《智能交通系统》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
- 海南外国语职业学院《食品工厂机械与设备A》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
- 二年级乘除法口算题计算练习大全2000题(可直接打印)
- 2024陕西省渭南市镇事业单位招聘175人公开引进高层次人才和急需紧缺人才笔试参考题库(共500题)答案详解版
- DB29-238-2024 城市综合管廊工程设计规范
- 宋代茶文化课件
- GB/T 43836-2024企业科技创新系统能力水平评价规范
- 高考英语必背688个高频词汇
- 《隐私计算金融应用白皮书(2022)》
- 建筑工程招标方案
- 2024年中职《餐饮服务与管理》职教高考必备考试题库(含答案)
- 足球教练员培训课件
- 招商岗位转正述职报告
评论
0/150
提交评论