中考定语从句讲解(通俗易懂,含图标式讲解和练习)

1、中考定语从句讲解（通俗易懂，含练习题） 定语从句 请看下面的句子： i want to know the boy who is the tallest. 句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念:定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（2） 定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:this is the book that/which i want.、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用

2、逗号同主句分开。e.g:mr. green， who is watching tv，is my uncle.（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词 which, who, whom, whose, that where, when, why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）mary is a girl. 合并为一个句子she has long hair.思路：留（保留先行词）-舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）mary is a gir

3、l who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一 1. i saw the man.he closed the door 2.the girl is happy. she won the race 3.the man called the police . his wallet was stolen （五） 定语从句关系词的确定:l a.先行词的分类l b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语 人：who/that 物：which/that2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that 物：which/that3.先行词做定语 人：whose 物：whose/of

4、which4.先行词做状语：when, where, whyl who, whom, whose, that用法区别.l who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语. the man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解分析再合并分解 the man is a worker. the man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语l whom /that作定语从句的宾语 the woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解 the

5、woman is a teacher. they wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.l whose 作定语从句的定语. i know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 i know the girl. the girls mother is a teacher. 作定语小结：关系词判断步骤l 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或thatl 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主

6、语 宾语 定语 人who, thatwho(m), that whose 物 which, thatwhich, that whose, of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1. i have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. yesterday emily was wearing the new dress _ i gave her.3. the man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况： (1)先行词为a

7、ll, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时； (2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时： (3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。 （4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。 (5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会

8、以上规则：1. here is something that i will tell you.2.we havent got much that we can offer you.3. is it the one that you want ?4.this is the most interesting story that i have ever heard.5. i can remember well the persons and some pictures that i see.6.which is the bike that you lost?7.who is the woman t

9、hat was praised at the meeting?（七）只能使用which 的情况l 1.关系代词前有介词时；l 2.先行词本身是 that 时；l 3.非限定定语从句l 口诀:要有which别着急，l 介词提前逗隔离。l e.g:1.this is the classroom in which we studied for two year.l 2.she has two dolls，which are from her parents单项选择：l 1. this is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.l a. thatb. who c.

10、 whom d. thisl 2. the girl _ you saw in the street is mary.l a. that b. whose c. whichd. asl 3. is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?l a. the oneb. which c. who d. whoml 4.is this factory a lot of students visited ? a. the oneb. which c. who d. whol 5. the only language _ is eas

11、y to learn is the mother tongue.l a. whichb. that c. /d. itl 6. the girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.l a. which b. in which c. thatd. alll 7. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised.l a. that b. who c. the one whod. the students whol 注意：l 当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的

12、形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. who saved the boy s lifethis is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. who is running the man is my uncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。i saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.the young man is a teacher. who lives next door注意：

13、定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、there are lots of things _ i need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)a. who b. that c. whom d. whose2、jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市）a.whomb.whenc.whosed.who3、i hear sam has gone to qiandiao for his holiday. （江苏省南京市） -oh,how nice!do you know

14、when he_?a.left b.was leaving c.has left d.had left4、we are trying to help those children _lost their parents in yushu , qinghai province. (浙江省衢州市)a. whichb. when c. whod. whose5、do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙) a.whob.whichc.when6、the volunteers are doing a great job in yus

15、hu. （江苏省扬州市） -yes.they are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.a.which b.what c./ d.who7、have you found the answer to the question _i asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）a.whenb.whatc.that8、friends are those_ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.

16、（河南省） a which b what c whom d who9、i began to work in shanghai in the year _ hongkong was returned to china. （湖北省十堰市）a.thatb.whichc.whered.when10、this is the school _ i studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市）a. where b. when c. that d. which11、what do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）i enjoy reading in the library _ i lose myself in a world of good books.a. which b. that c. where12、the village _i visited last year has changed a lot. （福建省福州市） -really?i hope to go there on day.a.that b.whoc.when13、this is my beautif