英语本科毕业设计

1、本科毕业论文（设计） 题目：题目：application of yan fus translation theory in translation of traditional chinese medical terms 严复的翻译理论在中医术语翻译中的应用严复的翻译理论在中医术语翻译中的应用 姓姓 名：名： 刘刘 双双 双双 学学 号：号： 0810105121108101051211 专业班级：专业班级： 0808 英语本科（英语本科（2 2）班）班 二级学院：二级学院： 外国语学院外国语学院 指导老师：指导老师： 王王 永永 娣娣 完成时间：完成时间： 20122012 年年 5 5 月

2、月 1010 日日 教务处制 application of yan fus translation theory in translation of traditional chinese medical terms written by: liu shuangshuang supervised by: wang yongdi a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of bachelor of arts in english to the school of foreign langua

3、ges anhui xinhua university may, 2012 acknowledgements i have benefited a lot during my writing of this thesis, which owes a lot to my tutor, miss wang yongdi. to begin with, i show great thanks to her intellectual inculcation and warm encouragement, which motivates me to finish this paper to a cert

4、ain degree; then i am indebted to her industrious attitude, for she often stays up late to correct the paper, and does anything according to her plan; at last, her keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis but also in my future study. with her help, a complete thes

5、is is finally completed through my efforts; and moreover, i also give my gratitude to my classmates, parents, and other teachers from the school of foreign languages of xinhua university, who have spirited me up, for their great support. application of yan fus translation theory in translation of tr

6、aditional chinese medical terms abstract from 1980s, tcm has become gradually hot in the world along with the reform and opening. a lot of chinese medicine literature has been translated, and tcm has been introduced to foreign countries. so there are more and more people to be specialized in transla

7、ting tcm both in domestic and foreign countries. during the practice of translation, the translation of chinese medicine terms is the core. in recent years, despite more and more scholars have realized the importance of translating chinese medical terms, however, it lacks a uniform standardization i

8、n the translation of tcm terms for various reasons. this article first reviewed the current situation and existing problems of translation of traditional chinese medical terms. in the light of the lack of standardization in translation of tcm terms, the author analyzed the components of yan fus tran

9、slation theory faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance and the feasibility of this theory in the practice. key words: translation theory; traditional chinese medicine terms; application 严严复的翻复的翻译译理理论论在中医在中医术语术语翻翻译译中的中的应应用用 摘摘 要要 20 世纪 80 年代以来，伴随着改革开放的不断深入，世界中医热开始升温， 大量的中医药文献被翻译、介绍到国外，国内外涌现了许多研究中医翻译的专

10、 业人员。中医翻译实践中，中医术语的翻译是一个核心。近些年来，尽管越来 越多的学者已经意识到了中医术语翻译的重要性，然而由于种种原因，目前中 医术语的翻译还缺乏一个统一的标准，不够规范化。 因此，此论文探讨中医术语翻译的现状和存在问题,并且针对目前中医术语 翻译缺乏规范性和标准的现象,分析严复的翻译理论“信、达、雅”的具体含义， 进而提出和分析严复的“信、达、雅”翻译标准用于指导中医术语翻译的可行 性。 关键词关键词: 翻译理论；中医术语；应用 contents acknowledgements.i abstract in english.ii abstract in chinese.iii

11、chapter one introduction.1 1.1 background .1 1.2 research rationale and objective.2 chapter two literature review.3 chapter three theoretical framework4 3.1 introduction to yan fus translation theory.4 3.1.1 main idea.4 3.1.2 integrity.5 3.2 study of yan fus translation theory.6 3.2.1 from essence o

12、f translation.6 3.2.2 from practice of translation.6 chapter four application of yan fus translation theory in translation of tcm terms.8 4.1 features of tcm terms.8 4.2 application of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.9 4.2.1 application of faithfulness.9 4.2.2 application of expressiveness

13、.11 4.2.3 application of elegance.13 4.3 summary.15 chapter five conclusion.16 bibliography.17 chapter one introduction 1.1 background from 1980s, tcm has become hot in the world along with the reform and opening. a lot of chinese medicine literature has been translated, and tcm has been introduced

14、to foreign countries. so there are more and more people to be specialized in translating tcm both in domestic and foreign countries. during the practice of translation, the translation of chinese medicine terms is the core. in recent years, despite more and more scholars have realized the importance

15、 of tcm terms, however, it lacks a uniform standardization in the translation of tcm terms for various reasons. in the current study, there are three common situations in the translation of tcm. one is that most of the translators could not create a new group of translation terms, so they just use w

16、estern academic terms to express the concept of tcm. the second situation is that some of the translators did not consider the standardization of translation, but create translation terms in accordance with their own understanding. the third situation is that some translators use the same word or ph

17、rase to translate the terminology for different concepts in order to blindly pursuit the uniform translation. 1.2 research rationale and objective although there were many previous researches on the application of translation theory in the translation of tcm terms, few introduced the theory systemat

18、ically. this thesis is from the perspective of yan fus translation theory to guide the translation of tcm terms. and yan fus translation theory has three components, namely, faithfulness (信), be true to the original works in spirit; expressiveness (达), be accessible to the target reader, in other wo

19、rds, the translator should use the common and fluent language to make sure that his translation can be understood completely and easily by readers; and elegance (雅), be in the language the target reader accepts as being educated, that is, be attractive to the target reader in style. with the analysi

20、s of the tcm terms translation, both the readers and learners will obtain a new perspective of appreciating or evaluating tcm. only in that way can we broaden the application of yan fus translation theory, achieve the best correlation between the original and the translation, thereby achieving the g

21、oals of cross-cultural communication. chapter two literature review traditional chinese medicine (tcm), one of the most excellent traditional culture of the chinese nation, has formed an unique theoretical system for thousands of years of medical practice, and has become a flower in the field of wor

22、ld medicine science, especially in the treasure-house of the world traditional medicine. british scholar, nigel wiseman, is one of the representatives of the translation of tcm terms in western. for many years, he devoted to the translation of tcm terms and its international standardization, and had

23、 a lot of works, for example, chinese-english dictionary of chinese medicine, which was far-reaching. he raised a popularization of the tcm series of terms, and proceeded with bold innovation and exploration. his translation study has been controversial and concerned all the time. but his thought ha

24、d a greater influence on the practice and the development of international standardization of tcm terms translation. at home, many researchers have conducted similar research into yan fus translation theory and the translation of tcm terms. since yan fu，the modem enlightenment thinker and translator

25、, put forward the three difficulties in authorship things, the discussion of the translation criteria, surrounded by the comments of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, has been off and on. in the field of translation, each airs his own views. the scholars all express their own intelligent vi

26、ews. among them, there are some people who support his theory, while such people against him are not rare, and they think the theory is out of date. li zhaoguo, the director of the center of shanghai foreign language university of traditional chinese medicine, thinks that traditional chinese medicin

27、e is different from the western medicine, because its humanistic medicine, not pure technology product. western medicine deals with equipment and sheets, while the traditional chinese medicine pays attention to communication with people. all in all, the translation circle at home and abroad has alre

28、ady made some surveys on tcm. chapter three theoretical framework 3.1 introduction to yan fus translation theory in the translation theory, the greatest contribution of yan fu is the faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance theory, which is mentioned in the comments on evolution and ethics. his the

29、ory has spread up to now in circles of culture and translation and it can be said that until now there has not a theory on translation, whether in domestic or in foreign, which can have such a lasting and extensive influence. of course, there are a lot of criticism and discussions about the theory.

30、because of his very short narrative, many people have different understanding in the three words as a translation principle. opinions differ from each other. in order to radically reform, a more comprehensive interpretation will be given on the basic of the origin of the comments on evolution and et

31、hics. comments on evolution and ethics begins with 译事三难：信、达、雅。求 其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。 and its translation is, the translation work has three difficulties, namely faithfulness, faithful to the original, expressiveness, elegance, that is the level of word must be high. in fact, it is not easy to f

32、ollow the principle of faithfulness, but if only pay attention to the principle of faithfulness and ignore the principle of expressiveness, then the translation is in vain, so the principle of expressiveness should be paid equal attention. 3.1.1 main idea comments on evolution and ethics is equivale

33、nt to the preface of modern translation, which shows the principle and translation purpose that the translator follows in the book, so that it becomes easier for readers to read. the main points expressed in this article are as follows. first, the translator should follow the principle of faithfulne

34、ss, expressiveness and elegance, which is the standard of translation. second, the principle of faithfulness is the most important. the most basic requirement of faithfulness is faithful to the original both in the content and in the form. but the translator often has to give up faithfulness to the

35、form, in order to pursuit faithfulness to the content. third, the principle of expressiveness is that when the translator translates, he should express the content of the original well, so as to make the readers fully understand the nature of the original. and as long as the translator follows the p

36、rinciple of expressiveness, we can say that the principle of faithfulness also be followed. fourth, in addition to following the principle of expressiveness, the translation should also follow the principle of elegant, which is required to emphasize rhetoric and ask for polish, whose reasons are tha

37、t, one is in order to widely receive the readers recognition and cherish as much as possible, the other is to follow the principle of elegant. 3.1.2 integrity the above section is about the main idea of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, this section will study the integrity of faithfulness,

38、 expressiveness and elegance. yan fu thought that the three parts of the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance are an integrity and they closely contact with each other and are dependent on each other. however, there is a relative progression in all three, namely, the principle of fait

39、hfulness is the most important, but if the translator only pays attention to the principle of faithfulness and ignores the principle of expressiveness, then the translation is in vain, so on this occasion the principle of expressiveness should be paid more attention. and the principle of elegant ser

40、ves for the principle of expressiveness. it is very important to have a good knowledge of the integrity of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, because the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance as a whole is accorded with the nature of translation, which has its scientific value,

41、 although it is not a complete and systemic theory. 3.2 study of yan fus translation theory whether the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, as the guiding principle of translating or standard of evaluating translation work, is right or wrong, is determined by whether it accords with

42、 the nature of translation and the process of translating. therefore, this section will discuss from the following two aspects. 3.2.1 from essence of translation after all, the most practical, specific and urgent question translation involves is to the understanding of the original and then express

43、in the target language, so it is natural to think the essence of translation is interlingual meaning conversion(peter newmark, 1990). lots of practical experience of translation indicates the reason for the generation and development of translation is the communication between people who speak diffe

44、rent languages and have different cultural backgrounds. so exchange and communication are the overall aim and purpose of translation. any information which has no communication function is useless at all, so the universal demand of translation is that the translation message must be easy to be under

45、stood and accepted, in order to play a role in communication and propaganda education. it can be said that, without communication, there is no translation. therefore, translation is not only a linguistic activity, but also a communication activity, even it is mainly the communication activity. 3.2.2

46、 from practice of translation the above section has explored the rationality of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, and this section will observe and study the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance from the process of translating. at all times and in all over the world, from the

47、 perspective of many translators experience and research of chinese and foreign translation experts and linguists, the process of translating generally includes three stages, namely, having a good knowledge of the original, expressing well in the translation and perfecting the translation. the princ

48、iple of faithfulness actually means understanding stage, because only having a good and deep knowledge of the original, it can say that follow the principle of faithfulness. yan fu also specifically pointed out three common mistakes easy to make in the first stage, namely, scratching the surface of

49、the original, making biased understanding and few people debating. if the translator makes one of the three mistakes, he will not be able to follow the principle of faithfulness, needless to say the principle of expressiveness. yan fu thought that the principle of faithfulness and the principle of e

50、xpressiveness are mutual conditions, theres no doubt that the principle of faithfulness is the most important, but if the translator only pays attention to the principle of faithfulness and ignores the principle of expressiveness, then the translation is in vain, so in this case the principle of exp

51、ressiveness should be paid more attention. in other words, even though the translator has a good knowledge of the original, he doesnt know how to express or does not realize his expression is not so good, then the understanding is in vain for the translator. and it is consistent with the analysis of

52、 the relationship between the two phases. in addition, yan fu also thought that the translation should not only follow the principle of expressiveness, but also follow the principle of elegant, that is the third stage-perfecting the translation. and he attached great importance to this stage, in ord

53、er to widely receive the readers recognition and praise as much as possible, namely, so as to improve the readability and the acceptability of the translation by improving the level of words. thus it can be seen, the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance is the most refined summary of

54、the requirements of the three stages of translating. chapter four application of yan fus translation theory in translation of tcm terms as mentioned before, there are three common situations in the translation of tcm. in response to this phenomenon, the author believes that yan fus translation theor

55、y can be used to guide the translation of chinese terms, so as to improve the accuracy and standardization of the translation of tcm terms. 4.1 features of tcm terms tcm is one of the treasures of human civilization, which has strong vitality from its unique theoretical system and exact clinical cur

56、ative effect, because it is the only chinese traditional science and technology that retains the most complete system to this date, and continues to develop with its own unique system all the time. the unique theory of tcm consists of its particular concepts, which are conveyed by the chinese medici

57、ne terminology constituted by chinese unique language. tcm term has its unique characteristics, but it is different from other science (most natural scientific terms of our country are from foreign countries and mainly are the translation of unified term), most of the tcm terms have formed in ancien

58、t, some even have a history of several thousand years and form their own term systems. tcm term has four features. now the author will list one by one. first, it has historic significance. because tcm formed in the ancient time, it must be of historic property. most terms are ancient chinese, someti

59、mes some term is both word and words, such as 气; sometimes short sentences can be regarded as a word, such as 土克木, 肺生气 and 心开窍于舌; moreover, some terms may evolve from their ancient meanings to modern meanings, etc. second, it is of humanities. tcm is a discipline based on biology, blended with physi

60、cs, chemistry and mathematics, and penetrated with humanistic philosophy. especially the humanistic philosophy has a direct influence on tcm terms, such as 阴阳(yin and yang), 五行(wood, fire, earth, metal and water), all of them have very strong taste of chinese traditional literature. third, its descr