2019年高考英语全国1卷试卷详细分析

1、 2019年高考英语全国I卷真题解析整体来说，2019年高考英语全国卷试题没有偏难怪题，话题充满时代感，词汇量有提升，符合英语学习重视词汇量、增加阅读量的趋势，以及英语命题注重基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性的规律。今年试题的主要特点可以用“稳中有变”四个字来概括，只有在必备知识、关键能力、学科素养和核心价值四个方面都做好充分的准备，才能真正地考好英语。具体来看，2019年高考英语全国卷的命题有以下特点：一、选材上，围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力。话题“环境保护”和“健康的生活方式”最为突出，如：保护海鸟（听力Text 10），乞力马扎罗山垃圾污染问题（完形填空

2、），北极熊现状（语法填空）；锻炼身体的益处（听力Text 9），受欢迎程度与心理健康（D篇），呼吸新鲜空气（阅读七选五），喜欢足球运动（短文改错）等。还有暑期工作介绍、向伦敦美术馆写申请信当志愿者且介绍中国画等，体现了英语的应用性、实效性与文化交流性。总的来说，今年试卷的选材依旧贴近学生生活，符合英语作为一门语言讲究实际应用的特点。二、难度上，和去年相比有一定的提升。一方面，阅读文章词汇量明显提升，一词多义、熟词生义、构词法、词块比比皆是，尤其是阅读理解D篇，涉及心理学等背景知识，有很多学术词汇和长难句。另一方面，完形填空相对较难，不同于以往的记叙文，文章融入了环保的主题，增加了对文章理解以及

3、对作者态度把握的难度。在文章和选项中还出现了较多的低频词，比如skeptical, advocate, artificial等。三、知识考查上，强调基础性、综合性和应用性。语法填空和短文改错涉及的考点与往年一致，都侧重于基本用法，没有偏难怪题。试卷导航语篇话题体裁词数难度阅读理解A人与社会：面向学生的暑期工作公告应用文237+68=305易阅读理解B人与自我：Canaan小学二年级总统竞选活动记叙文291+89=380易阅读理解C人与社会：智能键盘防止数据和身份盗窃说明文236+103=339中阅读理解D人与社会：受欢迎度对青少年成长的影响说明性议论文337+125=462难阅读七选五人与自然

4、：新鲜空气与人体健康说明文248+ 62=310中完形填空人与自然：乞力马扎罗山的改变说明文252难语法填空人与自然：保护北极熊说明文185中短文改错人与自我：喜欢上足球运动记叙文95中书面表达人与社会：申请信应用文100(左右)中试题解读第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help student

5、s find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager li

6、ving in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区).Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training an

7、d awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this su

8、mmer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, i

9、ts related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new b

10、usinesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.C. Steward

11、ship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.语篇解读关键词program, summer job, student 主旨概要本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种面向学生的暑期工作。百科知识summer job 暑期工作。加拿大的暑期工项目：加拿大联邦政府从2016年开始每年向 “暑期工项目”拨款，支持当地社区的小企业、公共部门或其他非营利组织，给加拿大本地、年龄在15-30岁之间的学生提供实习机会。原文出处选自网站https:/www.ontario.ca，2019年4月25日更新的名为Summer Jobs for St

12、udents的文章。https:/www.ontario.ca/page/summer-jobs-students#!%2F语言知识重难点词deadline n截止日期；available adj可用的，可得到的 (able to be used or can easily be bought or found); select adj仔细挑选的award n奖金；run vt 一词多义 经营；fall n (美式英语) 秋天；position n 一词多义 工作；related adj相关的favor v 一词多义 有利于重难点词块provincial government 省政府；onli

13、ne tools 线上工具；build skills 增强技能；start businesses 创业；all year around 一年到头；paid employment 带薪工作；hands-on business training 实践性的商业培训；up to 最多有，达到；a variety of 各种各样的；the age range 年龄范围；the disabled 残疾人 长难句分析Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people un

14、der 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. 句意为：一年到头都可以上政府网页了解项目和有用的线上工具，这些工具能够帮助30岁以下的人增强技能，找到工作或者创业。Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies

15、and community groups. 句意为：通过暑期工项目，学生每年能够得到各种各样的暑期工作，工作地点包括省公共服务机构，及与之相关的机构和社区组织。答案与解析21. B 事实细节题 根据第五段Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. 可知，Summer Company 为创业者提供奖金。22. D 事实细节题 根据第八段Who is eligible:

16、 Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.可知答案。23. D 事实细节题 根据最后一段最后一句Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.可知，Summer Employment Opportunities 给有残疾的人提供工作优待。BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchog

17、ue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should should” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunci

18、ation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “ Vote for me ” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of

19、immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teac

20、her who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I dont know, but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he

21、 asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, an

22、d your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous?A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Im

23、proper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students love for politics27. Which of th

24、e following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring. D. Demanding.语篇解读关键词presidential campaign project, boast, confident主旨概要本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了Canaan Elementary二年级老师Thomas Whaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点。百科知识N.Y.是New York的缩写原文出处选自网站，2015年6月18日名为One Teac

25、hers Quest To Build Language Skills . And Self-Confidence的文章。/post/one-teachers-quest-build-language-skills-and-self-confidence语言知识重难点词joker n 爱说笑话的人；trip vi 本义为“绊倒”，句中引申为“(讲话) 磕巴”；stumble n (朗读或说话时) 打结巴，说错；improper adj 不合适的，不适当的；strength n 优点，长处；assess vt 评价，评定；inspire vt 激发，唤起；a

26、mbitious adj 有雄心的，有野心的；demanding adj 要求严格的，苛求的重难点词块speech day 演讲日；trip on sth 在某处绊倒，磕巴；Its sbs turn 轮到某人；non-native English speakers 非英语母语者；bring sth to a conclusion 结束某事物；call upon sb 正式用语 要某人做某事；excuse oneself 请求准予离开；make mistakes 犯错；presidential campaign 总统竞选活动；break sbs heart 使某人难过，使心碎；more than

27、 不止 长难句分析With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. 句意为：他有着明亮的黑眼睛，看起来像是那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子。Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. 句意为：Whaley回想起年初的时候，当要Chris朗读时，他就会请求去一趟卫生间。whe

28、n called upon to read句中省略了he was。“It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I dont know, but I want to know.” 句意为：Whaley解释道，“对于任何一个学生来说，尤其是英语作为新语言学习的学生，自信地说出我不知道，但我想知道需要付出很多。”答案与解析24. B

29、事实细节题 根据第一段 . today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn和第二段But hes nervous可知Chris因为要作演讲而紧张。25. A词义猜测题 根据第二段to tell you today why you should should Chris trips on the 可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。26. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning t

30、o read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.和最后一段boasting about yourself, and your best qualities可推知，Whaley老师发起总统竞选活动是为了帮助学生建立自信，看到自己的优点，strength意为“优点”，故答案选A。27. C 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了Canaan Elementary二年级老师Thomas Whaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点，由此可推知Whaley老师是一个很有

31、爱心、关心学生的老师。CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies like fingerprint scans to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come

32、 up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a userst

33、yping and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be givenaccess to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the passwordright.It also doesnt require a n

34、ew type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to

35、 recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. Theresearchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and ismostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in thenear future.28. Why do the rese

36、archers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typing.C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning t

37、echniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ A. Itll be environment-friendly.B. Itll reach consumers soon. C. Itll be made of plastics.D. Itll help speed up typing.31. Where is

38、this text most likely from?A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.语篇解读关键词data and identity theft, smart keyboard主旨概要本文是说明文，介绍了一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘。百科知识identity theft 身份盗窃是指利用别人的名字、个人信息等获得信用卡、其他物品或从别人的账户中提取现金等行为。原文出处选自美国新闻周刊Newsweek，2015年3月10日名为Smart Keyboard Can ID You by How Yo

39、u Type的文章。语言知识重难点词market n需求 (= demand)；e-space 电子空间；measure vt 测量；force n 力；determine vt 确定，查明；recognize vt 辨认出；straightforward adj 简单的 (= easy)；commercialize vt 使商业化 (使役动词后缀-lize 使化)；market vt 名词动化 推销，促销 重难点词块identity theft 身份盗窃；fingerprint scans 指纹扫描；keep out of 使不进入；come up with 提出，想出；get around

40、 克服，解决；apply pressure to sth 用力按压某物；a strong layer of security一层强有力的安全措施；(be) unique to sb / sth 对某人 / 某物来说独特的；by extension 正式用语 再则；give sb access to 使某人使用；(be) connected to 与相连；regardless of 不管，不顾；be familiar with 熟悉；be used to do sth 用来做某事；be based on以为基础 / 根据；error rates 错误率；in the near future 在不

41、久的将来；vary from person to person 因人而异长难句分析This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 句意为：这种智能键盘精确地测量人打字的节奏和按压每个键的力度。本句包含一个由which引导的定语从句修饰the cadence。The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like th

42、e force of a users typing and the time between key presses. 句意为：通过分析一些数据，例如使用者的打字力度和按键时间，(这种) 键盘可以提供一层强有力的安全措施。The keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

43、句意为：(这种) 键盘能确定人的身份，然后确定是否可以让他们访问已连接的电脑，不管这个人是否输入了正确的密码。the computer its connected to是省略了关系代词的定语从句。Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. 句意为：根据参与者如何打字，从这台装置上收集来的数据可以用来辨认他们，错误率极低。collected from the device作定语

44、修饰data，based on how they typed作方式状语修饰recognize，with very low error rates作伴随状语修饰recognize。答案与解析28. D 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句At present, these technologies are still expensive, though和第二段第一句 they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem可知，研发智能键盘的目的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。29. C 事实细节题 根据第三段Every

45、body uses a keyboard and everybody types differently可知，人与人打字的模式不同，使得这一发明能够实现其功能。30. B 事实细节题 根据最后一段the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future可知，实现智能键盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发

46、团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。31. D 推理判断题 本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可推断本文最有可能刊登在 (科学) 杂志上。DDuring the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and me

47、an girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular

48、 into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:

49、 status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and ri

50、sky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates

51、. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date sharing, kindness, openness carry over t

52、o later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for

53、 learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.

54、B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They pe

55、rformed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice You Wont Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the Best You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness语篇解读关键词teen, popularity, likability主旨概要本文是一篇说明性议论文。作者从社会心理学视角讨论了青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青

56、少年心理健康话题，最后得出结论：受欢迎的人比不受欢迎的人和地位高的人日后的适应能力更强，更有优势。PS:在校中小学生的各种心理障碍的发生率逐年增加，本文就人际关系障碍进行研究，关注青少年心理健康的发展和品质的培养，积极倡导和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。百科知识clinical psychology：临床心理学研究一切人类变态行为，探讨这些行为的论据、评估、分类、治疗、预防和科学研究，注重对人类个体的能力和特点的测量和评估。临床心理学工作者帮助那些存在心理困扰的人们，例如提供心理治疗和心理咨询工作。原文出处选自纽约时报网站2017年4月7日名为Be Nice You Wont Finish Last的文章后转载到校园出版社网站/cshmsparents/tag/mitch-prinstein/