高考英语一轮复习 专题一 语法基础 考点二 代词和介词(2021年最新整理)

1、2018年高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题一 语法基础 考点二 代词和介词2018年高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题一 语法基础 考点二 代词和介词 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018年高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题一 语法基础 考点二 代词和介词）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下

2、为2018年高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题一 语法基础 考点二 代词和介词的全部内容。17考点二代词和介词 限时25分钟一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.1raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds。答案it句意：抬起腿，让它在空中待一会儿。let的宾语指的是上文提到的your leg，故填it。2they intend to sell their house to move to a smaller _。答案one句意：他们打算卖掉房子，搬到一个小点儿的住处。one指代上文提到的house，表同类异

3、物，且表泛指。3one of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health。答案thatthat通常指代表示特指的名词，通常后面有后置定语，在这里相当于the question，指公众健康问题。4treat _ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.答案yourselftreat oneself to sth。“用某物款待自己”.5many farmers prefer to work in guangdong pr

4、ovince because they think salaries are higher there than _ in other places.答案those句意：许多农民工更喜欢在广东省打工,因为他们认为那里的工资比其他地方都要高.此处的those指代salaries,用于比较结构,in other places作后置定语。6i can meet you next saturday or sunday。 would _ of these days be convenient for you？答案either句意:我可以下周六或周日去见你.这两天你哪一天方便？either指“两者中的一个

5、”。7i went to bookshops and libraries to seek information but found _.答案none句意：我去了书店和图书馆查找资料，但什么也没找到。所填词表示全部否定，故用none.8a few hours before， id been at home in hong kong, with _ (it) choking smog.答案its句意：几小时之前，我待在香港的家，那儿的雾霾令人窒息。根据句意可知，此处的smog为香港的雾霾，所以需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰.9what seems to be a good thing to one

6、 person may be a bad thing to _。答案another句意：同样一件事对于一个人来说似乎是好事，而对于另外一个人来说可能就是坏事。another指三个或三个以上中的另外一个,符合题意。10id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come。答案itid appreciate it if/when。.属于固定句式，表示“假如/当我将不胜感激”,故应填it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的宾语从句.11in some countries， people e

7、at with chopsticks, while in _， knives and forks.答案others句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃东西,而在另外一些国家，用的是刀叉。此处与some相呼应，构成“some.others。.。”，意为“一些另外一些”，others是泛指,表示的是复数含义.12the windows and the tables were shaking as if there was an earthquake or _ similar。答案something句意：窗户和桌子都在晃，好像有地震或诸如此类的什么事情发生似的。or something similar“诸

8、如此类的什么,符合句意。13my feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down， one on each side of _ （i)答案me句意：我的双脚刚刚接触到沙子底部，这时那两个人就跳了下来，我左右两侧各有一个人。介词后需用代词宾格形式,故答案为me.14make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave。答案everything句意：在你离开之前，请务必带好护照、机票等所有东西。此处everythingeve

9、rything that you need。15shed lived in london and manchester， but she liked _ and moved to cambridge.答案neither句意：她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但是她哪个也不喜欢，就搬到了剑桥。由句意可知，她对这两座城市都不喜欢，故用否定代词neither,表示“两者都不”。16_ is clear that our school is the best in the city。答案it句意：很明显，我们学校是全市最好的学校。it作形式主语，指代后面that引导的从句。17on weekends i

10、like to get my mind off my work _ reading good books。答案by句意：在周末，我喜欢通过读好书让我从工作中放松下来.by表示方式或手段.18the decision was made _ the wishes of the party leader.答案against句意：这个决定违背了该党领导人的意愿.against ones wishes“违背某人的意愿”.19studying abroad is quickly becoming the key _ success in our global economy。答案to句意：出国留学正迅速地

11、成为我们全球化经济中取得成功的关键.the key to。.“的关键。20the ceilings of the forbidden city are covered _ detailed, carved designs。答案with句意:故宫的天花板上覆盖着精致的雕刻图案。be covered with“被覆盖.21our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refresh students.答案between句意：在课间休息时,我们学校开展了各种各样的有益的体育活动来让学生放松。bet

12、ween用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用between。22she taught english literature at my old high school and weve kept _ touch through letters over the years.答案in句意：她在我的高中母校教英国文学，这些年我们一直通过书信保持联系。keep in touch“保持联系”。23to be a good story writer, one needs， _ other things， a very vivid imagi

13、nation.答案among 句意：一个人要想成为一名好的小说作家，在众多因素中，首先要具有形象生动的想象力.among意为“在当中”，指三者以上,故为正确答案.24_ all the animals ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.答案of句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。此处of用来表示范围，意为“在之中”.25that young man is honest， cooperative, always there when you need his help.

14、_ short， hes reliable.答案in句意：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他是值得信赖的。in short“简言之”。26the scottish girl _ blue eyes won first prize in the fifth chinese speech contest.答案with句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖.with意为“有，具有”。27the driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warning-please b

15、ypass the accident car。答案from句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并发出警告事故车辆，请绕行。escape from“从逃出”.28the smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children。答案for 句意：史密斯夫妇因为养育孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。根据固定搭配praise sb。 for sth。可知答案为for.因句中的“are praised.。”，学生很容易理解为“被表扬”而误用by。29although the price has gone up by 5， its still _ the li

16、mit set by the government.答案within 句意：虽然价格已经上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within“在之内”，符合句意。30a serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics。答案without句意:没有一定的数学知识，进行严肃的物理学研究是不可能的。without“没有”.二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误）。1sad and angry, peter started aiming the stones into the lake, trying

17、to calm oneself down._答案oneselfhimselfoneself表示泛指“某人自己”，根据句意是彼得自己想让自己冷静下来,故应改用himself.2clothing made of man.made fibers has certain advantages over one made of natural fibers like cotton， wool or silk._答案onethatone指代可数名词单数，表泛指，而that既可指代可数名词单数又可指代不可数名词，表特指。此处指代的clothing为不可数名词，且有定语修饰,为特指,故应用that。3ther

18、e are shops on all sides of the street._答案allbothall表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，both表示“(两者）都”.在道路两侧应用both。4i would appreciate you if you come to my grandmas birthday party and say “hello” to her._答案第一个youit动词appreciate不能直接接从句，需要借助于代词it，然后再接从句。5in the villages， many of the men have gone off to cities in search of

19、 higher pay. all but the aged and the women stay at home。_答案allnone句意:在村庄里，很多男人都去城市寻找挣钱更多的工作。只有老年人和妇女待在家里.none表示全部否定,意为“没有”，既可指人又可指物。none but.“除了以外没有”。6we must find ways to protect your environment._答案yourour/the句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法.根据句子结构及语意可知,这里指保护“我们的”环境，与we相对应，故应用our。也可填定冠词the，特指我们生活的大环境.7close to

20、the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them。_答案themit句意：靠近学校的地方有一个绿树成荫的美丽的公园.由于此处指公园周围有许多树，应用it指代前面的公园.8tony saw a toy on a shop window._答案onin句意:托尼看见了橱窗中摆设的玩具。玩具应该是在橱窗里面，故应用in.9please help with me and give me some advice._答案去掉with句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议.help为及物动词，故去掉with。10i wanted to

21、do anything special for him at his retirement party。_答案anythingsomething句意：我想在他退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。肯定句中用something。11we went to swim in the river in a very hot day._答案第二个inon表示具体的某一天用介词on。12shanghai is on the east of china._答案oninin表示在某范围之内；on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。13i arrived at new york in july。_答案atinat用来表示

22、到达较小的地方,而in用来表示到达较大的地方。14he made quite clear that he wouldnt change his mind._答案made后加itmake it clear that。.为固定句型，意为“表明”，其中it作形式宾语，指代后面that引导的从句。15the new railway， due to be completed at the end of 2020， is still on construction._答案onunder句意：预计在2020年底竣工的新铁路仍在建设中。“介词名词”表示动作正在进行。under construction为固定搭

23、配，意为“在建设中”。代词一、代词的分类用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。分类代词人称代词主格：i, you， he， she， it, we, they宾格：me， you, him， her， it， us, them物主代词形容词性：my， your, his, her, its, our, their名词性：mine, yours， his， hers, its, ours， theirs反身代词myself, yourself， himself, herself, itself, yourselves， themselves， our

24、selves指示代词this， that, these， those, such, so不定代词one, some, any, each, none, all， both， neither， either， other, another， no, many, much， (a) few， （a） little， something， anything, nothing, everything相互代词each other, one another疑问代词who, whom, whose， which， what，whoever， whichever, whatever连接代词who, whom，

25、 whose, which， what， whoever, whichever, whatever关系代词that, which, who, whom， whose, as二、常考代词的用法1it， one， that代词用法it指代上文提到的同一事物，复数用they/themthatthat特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词,只指物,通常有范围限定复数those相当于the ones，只指可数名词复数，可指人，也可指物one泛指同类异物的可数名词，单数用one,复数用onesi cannot find my watch. i must have lost it.the weather h

26、ere is much better than that in beijing。my pen is broken. i must buy one.2both， all， either， any, neither， none, no onemy sister likes both english and chinese。you can take either of the pictures, whichever you like。neither of us could understand german。all are happy to know the news。we had three ca

27、ts once but none (of them) is alive now.3another, other， the other， the others， others代词用法another三者或三者以上中的另一个，用作代词或形容词other“其他的”，只作定语，常与复数名词连用。other students其他的学生the other两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成：one.。.the other.。“一个，另一个”the others为the other的复数形式,特指其余的人或物others泛指别的人或物will you show me another? i dont like

28、its color.she has two sisters. one is mary and the other is joan.why are only three of you here？ where are the others?dont cut in when others speak。限时25分钟一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。12016天津高考i was wearing a seatbelt. if i hadnt been wearing _, i would have been injured。答案one句意：我当时系着安全带.如果没系的话，我可能

29、已经受伤了。one指代上文提到的seatbelt,泛指同类异物。22016福州十三中期中all of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove _.答案it句意：他们都抱怨那块大石头，但都不去将它搬开。根据句意可知，此处指前面提及的那块大石头，故用it.32016浙江高考in many ways， the education system in the us is not very different from _ in the uk.答案that句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词e

30、ducation system,后面有in the uk修饰，所以用that。42016福州十三中期中once there lived a rich man who wanted to do _ for the people of his town.答案something句意：城里曾经有个想为市民做些事情的富翁.结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填something。52016福州十三中期中instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way。 _ man came along

31、 and did the same thing； then another came， and another。答案another句意：然而，他艰难地绕过石头继续前行。另一个人过来了，同样如此。然后，另一个,又另一个,都是这样.根据前后句意可知，指在前面那个人之后的又一个人，即另一个人,故填another.62016四川高考by that time, the panda no longer needed _ （it) mother for food。答案its句意：到那时,这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。72016山东师大附中检测she m

32、ust be shy。 you may be shy _ （you)答案yourself句意：她一定很害羞，你自己可能也会害羞。反身代词在句中起强调作用。82016江西九江高三一模we valued every chance we have to keep _ （we） both on the right track。答案us句意：我们珍惜每一次我们两人能够在正轨上的机会。空格处作动词keep的宾语,指人，所以用人称代词宾格.92015四川高考niki is always full of ideas， but _ is useful to my knowledge。答案none句意:妮基总是充

33、满想法，但是,据我所知，没有一个是有用的.此句中代替物、表示否定且有范围，故应用none.102015重庆高考the meeting will be held in september, but _ knows the date for sure.答案nobody句意：会议将在九月举行，但是没有人知道确切的日期。根据句中的转折词but可知,后面的句子应为否定含义，所以用nobody。112016湖南衡阳八中二模_ changed colour, one white， the other red.答案both句意：两人的脸色都变了，一人的脸白了，另一人的脸红了。根据后面的“one white，

34、the other red”可知，此处指两人,应填both。122017山东肥城二中月考at the end of the five minutes, no one could find _ （they) own balloon。答案their句意：在五分钟结束时，没有人能够找到自己的气球。与起强调作用的own一起作名词balloon的定语,ones own“某人自己的”.132017广西南宁检测dasirees paintings catch your eyes immediately, and then your eyes lock on _。答案them句意：德西里的画立刻吸引了你们的视

35、线,然后你们的视线就锁定在这些画上.介词on的宾语指的是前面提到的paintings,故用them代替.142016江西南昌高三联考nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. i think this is a phenomenon, _ calling for our great concern。答案something句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题.我认为这是一个现象，需要我们极大的关注。从句子结构分析可以看出，空格后面的内容对phenomenon进行了解释说明，故用something作phenomenon的同位语.152016河南开封二模only

36、human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help _ (they） realize these choices。答案themselves句意：只有人类可以选择生活的地方和生活的方式，然后提高客观环境来帮助自己实现这些选择。本空所填词作help的宾语，而help的主语是they,主语与宾语互指,故宾语用反身代词。162015陕西高考to warm himself， the sailor sat in front of the fire

37、rubbing one bare foot against the _.答案other句意:为了让自己暖和，那位水手坐在火堆前面，用一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚.表示两者之间的“一个另一个”要用one.。the other。.。172016山东东营一模_ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system。答案it句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里,有比较贫困的社会经济背景的年轻人往往会表现不佳。

38、it作形式主语,“that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句,是真正的主语。182015浙江高考how would you like _ if you were watching your favorite tv program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？答案it句意：如果你在看你最喜欢的电视节目时，有人进来,并

39、且未经允许就把电视关掉，你会怎么想?it在此作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。“动词itwhen/if从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，常见的动词有enjoy, hate， love, like， dislike， appreciate等。192016四川资阳一诊_ wasnt until two days ago that dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.答案it句意：直到两天前父亲才允许我驾车上高速公路。“it is/was not until。.that。.”为“not.。until.。”句型的强调句形式.202016全国卷chopstick

40、s are not used everywhere in asia. in india, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands. 答案with句意：筷子并非被亚洲的每个地方(的人们）使用。例如，在印度,大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用”，符合句意.212016四川高考the mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years。答案for句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for一段时间”作时间状语，表示持续了一段时间.222016

41、全国卷most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.答案on句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于”。232014广西高考september 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill。答案by句意：九月三十日之前你必须缴付账单。该介词与关系代词which一起引导定语从句，which指代the day；再根据“到为止”可知用by。242014广东高考。.and

42、my credit card had already been charged _ the reservation.答案for句意：我的信用卡已经为这次预订付钱了.charge.。for.。“因向收费”,是固定搭配。252015全国卷instead, id headed straight for yangshuo。 for those who fly to guilin， its only an hour away_ car and offers all the scenery of the better.known city.答案by句意:然而，我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，坐车

43、只需要一个小时的路程并能欣赏到所有知名城市的风景。乘坐交通工具常用“by单数可数名词”，名词前不加冠词，by car“坐小汽车,乘汽车”.262015全国卷when a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _ the same time， they warm up again for the night.答案at句意：天亮时，墙壁已放热，并且现在足够冷使房子在热天时凉爽；同时，夜晚它们又暖和起来.at th

44、e same time“与此同时,为固定短语。272016天津高考mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice _ her opinion on the subject。答案to句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露，发泄”，符合句意。282014安徽高考terry， please look up _ your cell phone when grandma is talking to you.答案fro

45、m 句意：特里，奶奶和你说话时请不要低头玩手机.look up from“从抬起头看.292014江西高考it is unbelievable that mr。 lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.答案despite句意：真是难以置信，卢卡斯先生尽管很有钱可还是过着简朴的生活.despite“尽管”，符合句意。302014北京高考jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour。答案in 句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后发车.“in一

46、段时间”用于表示将来的句子中，意为“在之后”。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误）.12016南昌二模weve been looking for a cheap house but havent found it yet。_答案itone句意：我们一直在寻找一个便宜的房子,但是还没有找到。此处onea cheap house，泛指任何一个便宜的房子，符合句意。it指上文出现的同一事物。22017江苏月考jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financially able to support her._答

47、案第二个herherself句意：詹妮弗相信，当她在经济上自己有能力养活自己时就会搬出去单住。这里强调的是主语本身，作宾语，故用反身代词herself。32016全国卷if we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books._答案yourour句意:如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。此处应该使用our，与本句的主语we在人称上保持一致。42016全国卷it does not cost many， yet we can still le

48、arn a lot。_答案manymuch句意：那样花费不多，而我们仍然可以学到很多。此处代词much指代不可数名词much money，作为动词cost的宾语，而many通常指代可数名词复数.52016全国卷i thought i knew everything and could make decisions by myself. however， my parents didnt seem to think such._答案suchso后一句句意:然而,我的父母看起来不那样认为。so作指示代词,可以代替前面句子的内容,而such不能指代前面的内容.62017云南月考we asked bo

49、th john and mary about this problem， but none could offer a satisfactory suggestion._答案noneneithernone指“三者或三者以上都不”,根据句意,此处是指两者都不，故应用neither.72016湖南联考“i always understood， said shelton coldly， “that our systems were better than that of other countries。”_答案第二个thatthose句意：“我一直认为,”谢尔顿冷冷地说，“我们的体制比其他国家的要完

50、善.此处those指代the systems。而that只能指代可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词。82016高新月考as there was no main topic to discuss, the conversation changed from one topic to other._答案otheranother句意：因为没有一个讨论的主题，所以谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。another泛指三者或三者以上的另外一个，可用作代词和形容词，而other只能用作形容词，作定语.92017西安联考i hate that he always tells a lie._答案hate后加it句意：我讨厌他总是撒谎。本题it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是