多轴专用镗床夹具设计说明书-毕业论文

1、first compliance review of the application of the appraisal committee, only through the compliance review of the application to take part in a detailed review. 8.1 application compliance review: does not meet one of the following conditions, procuratorial agency to submit application through complia

2、nce reviews, be invalidated: (1) application of the formats, contents, meet the requirements of selected files, powers of attorney, declarations by the legal representative and the tender agent application to meet the requirements; (2) licence and a bidding agent qualifications meet the requirements

3、; (3) the similar project tendering agency agent number and provide proof of material compliance; (4) the tendering agency intends to put into this project the number of professionals to meet the requirements; (5) are intended to the agent of the project as a project manager has similar projects the

4、 number of and references to meet the requirements; (6) no fraud case. 8.2 application review in detail the evaluation committee through compliance reviews will be selected for detailed review of the application. 8.2.1 tender agent institutions similar project tender performance requirements (16 poi

5、nts) tender agent institutions similar project tender performance 16 points, by two part composition (1) agent similar project of cumulative bid amount scored calculation rules for: agent water project bid amount (on january 1, 2007 has has bid notice for associate) cumulative each reached 100 milli

6、on yuan have 2 points, water project cumulative bid amount scored up not over 6 points. in addition, completes a bid worth more than 500 million yuan in total 1 minute, but other items score accumulated winning amount up to a maximum of 6 points. (2) calculation rule for the number of agents similar

7、 projects: proxy bid amount (since january 1, 2007 winning notice shall prevail) bidding projects in more than 50 million yuan by 2 points, but the agency projects the number of scores up to 3 minutes. 8.2.2 to be agents of the construction project as a project manager in the same project performanc

8、e (10 points) project manager agent performance scores including agents of the bidding agencies of similar projects, as well as in other similar project tendering agency service agent during performance. total 10 project manager agent performance, made up of two parts (1) acting like the accumulated

9、 winning amount calculation rule: agents for water conservancy project bid amount (since january 1, 2007 winning notice for example) cumulative average reached 100 million yuan 3 but scored no more than 5 minutes. (2) calculation rule for the number of agents similar projects: proxy bid amount (sinc

10、e january 1, 2007 winning notice for example) in the more than 50 million yuan water conservancy project period of 3 minutes, but scores the number of agents similar projects up to a maximum of 5 points. project manager demonstrated to provincial-level and higher peoples government or the developmen

11、t and reform commission published the winning bidder on the designated media publicity shall prevail. 8.2.3 staff requirement (25 points) 1, to the construction project serving personnel, 4 years experience in tendering agent, 2 points per person, 2 years experience in tendering agent .pig is not a

12、pig. with domestic international market and technology big environment of changes, as china traditional industry of pig production of job way and profit way are requirements related industry for resources integration, to quality security for premise, regulation based farming, and management cost and

13、 the production, and sales cost, go standardization, and scale, and intensive, and market road, fast upgrade whole industry chain of regulation capacity, market competition capacity and anti-risk capacity. first, industry analysis (a) the basic situation in china is a traditional hog production and

14、consumption country, 2008 46.15 million tons of pork, pig stock 462.64 million head by the end pig slaughter 609.6 million. national pig industrys annual production value at around 650 billion yuan, nearly 50% per cent of annual output value of animal husbandry. sichuan province in 2008 produced 6.5

15、2 million tons of pork, with 694,000 tons of chengdu city, live pig sell 10.46 million, first 15 vice-provincial cities in the country. the whole nation advantage regional planning (2008-2015) there are 437 counties (cities), 55, sichuan, chengdu has 7 (including in pengzhou). international pig indu

16、stry mainly include the european union, the united states, and canada, and brazil and other absolute scale of animal husbandry industry and technology developed countries. market 1, the domestic market from chinas meat consumption habits and economic analysis of the development situation, the emerge

17、nce of new trends in the market of domestic pork and its products. docking is a pig production and sales more closely. the yangtze river delta, pearl river delta and the bohai rim economic developed area industrial structure adjustment gathered pace, two or three industries to the central and wester

18、n bias. second, the rigid domestic consumption growth. for a long period, pork is still the largest variety of meat consumption in china, the absolute consumption continues to grow. especially in the vast rural market growth potential. third, market for pork and higher product quality requirements.

19、pollution-free pork safety and health has shown a very good market prospects. four is the market changing. currently, cold meat, more and more varieties of meat and pork meat products, which accounted for a large proportion of pork consumption, stores, chain stores, supermarkets and other marketing

20、methods is on the rise, and transport has been extended to more than 2000 km in radius. chengdu is an important river pig resource market, the citys commercial rate reaches above 60% of live pigs, pork and raw materials primary processing products in the domestic and international reputation is high

21、. western hog trading center in chengdu and provides disease-free areas of construction in order to further accelerate the development of swine industry realizes space and conditions. 2, the international markets at present, annual volume of trade in live pigs in the world year around 18 million, ab

22、out 6 million tons of pork trade. a large net exporter of pork is mainly the eu and north america,-importing countries mainly in asia, japan, and korea, and singapore, the philippines, hong kong and other countries and regions, as well as russia, about 3 million tonnes were imported. it is predicted

23、 that the world meat consumption increase of 80% in asia in the future, our country has obvious geographical advantages, export potential. with the advancement of live pigs superiority industry belt construction, animal disease .洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）多轴镗床专用夹具设计说明书摘 要机床夹具是机械加工工艺系统的重要组成部分，是机械制造中的一项重要工艺装备。机床夹具

24、在机械加工中起着重要的作用，它直接影响机械加工的质量、生产率和生产成本以及工人的劳动强度等。因此机床夹具设计是机械加工工艺准备中的一项重要工作。在镗床专用夹具的设计中，根据设计任务主要就二轴支架的循环装卸镗床夹具进行了设计，完成了对夹具的旋转架、定位件、导向件、对刀件、导引件等夹具中用到的零件的设计，并用pro/e进行了三维建模。根据所需加工的工件外形及加工要求，设计出合适的夹具。考虑到二轴支架的的外形较小，故应选用一次多件加工方案，以提高加工效率。本文设计的夹具，基本上可以满足工程需要，本文使用的设计方法，也可为同类夹具的设计提供参考。关键词：循环装卸，镗床夹具，pro/e，多件加工desi

25、gn of special boring fixtureabstractabstracttool fixture machining process is an important component of the system is an important mechanical manufacturing technology and equipment. tool fixture in machining plays an important role, which directly affect machining quality, productivity and productio

26、n costs and labor intensity and so on. therefore, the design of jigs and fixtures machining process is an important work in preparation. dedicated fixture design, based mainly on the connecting rod design task, the pumps installation jig boring machine has been designed with complete fixture with th

27、e positioning of parts, pieces of guidance documents on the knife, guidance documents and other parts used in fixtures design, and conducted a three-dimensional modeling with pro/e. fixture design, based on the design of the workpiece shape and processing requirements, design a suitable fixture. tak

28、ing into account the shape of a larger pump, it should be in the selection of the positioning fixture used parts bearing plates, and connecting rod workpiece size smaller, but higher precision. this fixture was designed to basically meet the engineering needs of the design used in this method can al

29、so be designed for similar reference fixture.key words: cyclic loading，boring machine fixture，many processing，pro/e 4.1 application of the chinese language application for proxy bidding agency application system. 4.2 bidding agent applications should be submitted by the agency included in the 5th ch

30、apter of the content, and than select file asked to provide appropriate documentation. 4.3 proxy application shall affix its official seal coding and page by page in the specified location. agent a copy of the application shall have to number the pages and signed original copy (copy) (including supp

31、orting documents), and copy should be exactly the same. 4.4 application there shall be no loose pages. 4.5 agent application should be complete with indelible ink (powdered) prints, the agent shall not alter any page of the application. 4.6 bidding agencies offer should be based on the interim measu

32、res for the management of tendering agents service charges (meter prices 20021980) rules of the nineth, tender agent service charges using the difference progressive billing rate. charges in accordance with the tendering agents service charges and, in conjunction with the provisions of the specific

33、circumstances of the project shall not be floating up and down-floating range must not exceed 20%, otherwise the application cannot pass compliance checks, be invalidated. due to bidding agency selection and principal-agent contracts signed during charging base bid amount has not yet been produced,

34、it can only be according to the rates of price, bid and the bid amount determines after the end, controlled response rates calculated shall pay tender fee (tender agency fee accounts for the actual bidding agent item for fares). than the selected person tendering agents service charge control the up

35、per and lower limits, cap for the state development planning commission of the interim measures for the management of tendering agents service charges (meter prices 20021980) of tendering agents service fees under 100%, the lower limit for the state development planning commission of the interim mea

36、sures for the management of tendering agents service charges (meter prices 20021980) of tendering agents service fees under 80%. tendering agents service charge base should include the following tenders: construction, supervision and material over the above tenders are expected to be important, with

37、 each tendering agency entrusted with tender bid amount as a base for a separate computation of tendering agents service fees. tendering agents service fee payment in accordance with the general office of the state development and reform commission on tendering agents service charge of notification

38、on the relevant issues (the change price 2003857). sale of prequalification documents and solicitation documents going to choose all, pricing should be based on the principle of profit not files, must not violate the relevant provisions in the price department. 4.7 requirements in the form of applic

39、ation proxy application shall be prepared in the 5th chapter of the format. application of various supporting documents should be requested by the selection of files grouped by order. comparison and selection of the bidding agencies must provide supporting documents required by the file; the file yo

40、u selected does not have the required supporting documents, bidding agency acknowledged the need to provide, or you can provide. proxy application shall be bound, and page-by-page coded in the order. 5th chapter application format notes: bidding agent .11目录前言1第1章 镗床夹具设计的基本理论41.1 镗床夹具设计基本过程41.1.1 研究原

41、始材料，明确任务书41.1.2 拟定夹具的结构方案，绘制结构草图51.1.3 绘制夹具总装配图及零件图51.1.4 撰写夹具设计说明书51.2镗床夹具的基本组成与设计特点51.2.1镗床夹具的设计要点51.2.2 镗床类夹具主要技术条件91.2.3镗床规格和主要联系尺寸91.2.4 镗床类典型刀具101.3 镗孔加工主要特点101.3.1 刀具转动101.3.2 刀具的颠振101.3.3 刀具的装夹111.4 切屑的排出12第2章 工件的定位132.1 工件的定位方案132.1.1 定位原理132.1.2 定位的类型132.1.3 定位方案的选取142.1.4 夹具定位尺寸的有关计算162.2

42、 工件的定位精度182.2.1 定位误差的分析182.2.2 定位误差产生的原因182.2.3 定位误差的计算19第3章 加紧装置的选用及夹紧力计算203.1 选择夹紧机构203.1.1 工件加紧装置的要求203.1.2 夹紧力的方向203.1.3 夹紧力的作用点203.1.4 选择夹紧机构203.2 加紧力计算24第4章 夹具结构分析与设计264.1 循环装卸装置的总体设计264.1.1旋转架设计264.2 滑动加紧一体化装置294.2.1气压装置294.2.2 滑动装置294.3 总体装配图及其工作步骤304.3.1总装图及三维模型304.3.2 夹具的运动步骤32结论33谢 辞34参考文

43、献35外文翻译36前言1. 机床夹具的发展趋势机床夹具是在机床上加工零件时所使用的一种工艺装备，是机械加工工艺系统中不可缺少的一要素。当机床技术被带向高速、精密、高效、复合、智能和环保的方向时，夹具技术也正向着高效、精密、模块、组合、通用和经济的方向发展。（1） 高效是为了提高机床的生产效率，双面、三面、四面和多件装夹工件的夹具产品越来越多。为了缩短工件的安装时间，各种精密平口钳、自动定心夹紧、杠杆夹紧、气动或液压夹紧等装置不断的推陈出新。新型的电磁夹紧装置，其夹紧和松开工件的时间更短，而且使得夹具的结构更加简化，同时大大的减轻了工人的劳动强度。（2） 随着零件加工精度的不断提高，对机床的精度

44、也有了更高的要求。为了降低定位误差，提高加工精度，可以制造精度要求更高的夹具。高精度夹具的定位孔距精度可以达到5，夹具支承面的垂直度可达到0.01300，平行度达到0.01500。机床夹具的精度已经可以提高到微米级，与此同时，为了适应不同行业的需求和满足经济性，夹具可分为不同的型号，以及具有不同级别精度标准的夹具供选择。（3） 夹具元件的模块化是实现组合化的基础。利用模块化设计的系列化、标准化夹具元件，能够快速组装成各种夹具，这已经成为夹具技术开发的基点。模块化设计为计算机辅助设计与组装奠定了基础，cad技术得以应用，可以方便的建立元件库和典型的夹具库。对夹具进行优化设计，可以为用户提供三维的

45、实体组装夹具。（4） 夹具的通用性直接影响其经济性。采用模块化、组合式的夹具，一次性资金投入比较大，夹具经济性能的好坏，是受夹具系统的可重构性、可重组性以及可扩展性，应用范围，通用性和夹具的利用率等因素影响。2. 本课题国内外的研究动态就目前而言，中国的制造业突飞迅猛，以前的中国制造业大多使用刚性机床加工零部件，这样就导致零件改型或者生产单个零部件的周期比较长。伴随着科学技术的进步和生产力的发展，为了满足我国制造业的发展和各种不同产品的需求，这就要求机械工业能够不断提供先进的技术装备，研发新的产品品种。这样一来，就促使机械工业的生产形式发生了明显的变化，多品种、中小批量的生产渐渐的占据了优势。

46、为了适应这一生产形式的变化，加工工艺和加工设备朝着柔性化的方向转变。随着国外柔性制造系统的提出，它的出现标志了机械制造业步入了一个新的发展阶段。柔性制造系统能够根据制造任务或生产的变化而迅速进行调整，适合于多品种，小批量的生产，这样一来就克服了原先机械生产线只适用于大批量生产的刚性特征。柔性生产方式将手工操作减少到最低，拥有很高的自动化特点，从而生产效率也显著提高。3. 研究的目的及意义夹具和机床的结合，成为机械加工中不可或缺的工艺装备。夹具的主要作用是实现工件的定位和夹紧，使得工件加工时能够相对于机床、刀具具有正确位置，它直接影响机械加工的质量、生产成本和生产效率以及工人的劳动强度。所以，机

47、械加工工艺准备中的一项重要工作就是机床夹具的设计。机床夹具对机械制造具有重要意义：（1） 能稳定的保证工件的加工精度 用夹具装夹工件时，是由夹具保证工件相对于刀具和机床的位置精度，不受工人技术水平的影响，可使一批工件的加工精度保持一致性。（2） 提高生产效率 使用夹具装夹工件迅速，方便，安全，可靠，可显著的减少辅助时间，进一步提高生产效率。（3） 扩大机床的工艺范围 使用夹具实质上是对机床进行了部分改造，扩大了机床的工艺范围。（4） 减轻了工人的劳动强度，保证了实际的生产安全。为了更好的服务制造业的发展，因此对机床夹具的设计和研究具有十分重要的意义。4. 研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题（1）

48、 合理运用大学期间所学过的专业课知识、理论以及在毕业生产实习中学到的实践理论知识，正确的解决镗床专用夹具设计中的工艺分析、工艺方案优化、工艺计算和夹具实际结构设计等一系列问题。（2） 提高自我设计的能力。通过对所给工件进行夹具设计，设计出一套满足该零件加工要求，具有经济高效，结构合理，操作简单，安全可靠的夹具，这是对自我设计能力的提升。（3） 根据零件的加工要求，对所要设计的夹具进行技术方面和经济方面的工艺分析。（4） 确定多种夹具设计方案，进行优化设计，从中选取最佳的夹具结构设计工艺方案。（5） 进行毛坯尺寸、夹具结构尺寸和公差的计算。（6） 学会如何查阅工程手册和相关设计资料。充分利用与本

49、次夹具设计有关的各种资料，做到科学合理的运用。 第1章 镗床夹具设计的基本理论镗床夹具是保证达到工件上孔的尺寸精度、几何精度、表面粗糙度以及多孔镗削时孔距和孔的位置精度的精密工艺装备。镗床夹具的主要加工对象是薄壳箱型铸件，因此在设计时，除了考虑工件的正确定位，加紧以为，主要考虑的问题是，刀具导向装置的合理选用，以达到工件的工艺要求。镗床夹具分类见图1-1。图1-1 镗模分类1.1 镗床夹具设计基本过程1.1.1 研究原始材料，明确任务书 根据任务书、分析、研究被加工工件的零件图、毛坯图及相关的装配图和工艺规程等技术条件。从中了解工件的作用，结构特点、材料、技术要求、工序前工件的状况、本工序加工

50、的内容、加工要求。定位基准、夹紧表面、加工余量、切削用量以及工件的生产批量等。此外，还应该熟悉本工序所用机床，刀具和量具的规格，主要技术参数，安装夹具部位的尺寸，并收集夹具零部件的标准、夹具结构图册等夹具设计资料。 1.1.2 拟定夹具的结构方案，绘制结构草图1 确定工件的定位方案，根据工件定位原理选择或者设计定位装置，合理设置定位元件，进行定位误差的分析计算，定位误差应小于工序公差的三分之一。2 确定刀具的对刀或引导方式，设计对刀及引导装置。3 确定工件的夹紧方案，合理的确定夹紧的方向和作用点，进行夹紧力的分析计算，最后确定夹紧元件及传动装置的主要尺寸。4 确定夹具其它元件(分度装置、定向键

51、等)的架构模型。5 合理布置夹具元件，确定夹具体的形式及夹具的总体结构（空一行） 1.1.3 绘制夹具总装配图及零件图1 夹具总装配图应尽量采用1：1的比例，必要时可采用1：2、1：5、2：1、5：1等比例。主视图应选面对操作者的工作位置。2 总装配图绘制的顺序是：用双点划线将工件的外形轮廓、定位 基面，夹紧表面及加工表面(加工余量用网线表示)绘制在各个视图的合理位置上，视工件为透明体，依次绘出定位、对刀、导引、夹紧及其它元件或装置，最后绘出夹具体，并对各零件进行编号，填写零件明细表和标题栏。3 标注必要的尺寸、公差配合及技术要求。4 夹具中的非标准零件要绘制零件图，并按总装配图的设计要求，确

52、定各零件的尺寸、公差及技术要求。1.1.4 撰写夹具设计说明书1.2镗床夹具的基本组成与设计特点1.2.1镗床夹具的设计要点1. 导向装置的布置原则在镗削长度大于直径的1.5倍的长孔或排列在同一轴线上的几个短孔，且孔的中心距和精度要求较高时，应采用双导向。1) 若孔距较大（导向间距大于10倍镗杆直径），在双导向间还应增加的辅助导向。2) 刀具和机床主轴应采用浮动连接，以避免加工时产生的扩大孔径、拉毛导套或咬住刀具的现象。3) 在镗削同一轴线上孔径相同的孔时，设计中应考虑借偏工件孔能使刀具通过的机构（图），工件的最小偏移量为： 式子中 孔的径向加工余量：刀尖通过毛坯孔时必需的间隙（实测）刀杆通过

53、毛坯孔时必需的间隙（实测）2. 镗套的选择与设计根据夹具设计中的需要，进行镗套的选择与设计：镗套的类型有固定式镗套、回转式镗套。如图1-2、图1-3、图1-4所示。滑动镗套，滑动镗套适用于回转速度不高的，孔间距较小又不能采用滚动导套的场合。具有良好润滑的滑动轴承适用于要求减震性好，发热低，高精度的镗孔。径向尺寸较小，抗振性好，承载能力大，回转线速度低于0.4m/s，适用于精加工。此镗模采用回转式滑动镗套。 图1-2 固定镗套图1-3 回转式滑动镗套图1-4 回转式滚动式镗套3. 镗孔工具设计一般在设计镗模的结构前，需先确定镗孔工具。4. .支架和底座的设计镗模支架和底座均为镗末主要零件。支架供

54、安装镗套和承受切削力用。镗模底座承受包括工件、镗杆、镗套、镗模支架、定位元件和夹紧装置等在内的全部重量以及加工过程中的切削力，因此支架和底座的刚性要好，变形要小。在设计支架和底座时注意事项：1) 支架和底座宜分离，以便于制造。支架在底座上必须用两定位销定位，用螺钉紧固。2) 支架必须有很好的刚性。支架装配基面宽度沿孔轴线方向不小于高度的1/2。 3) 支架的厚度应根据高度的大小确定，一般取15mm25mm。4) 支架应避免承受夹紧力。 5) 底座应有很好的刚性，底座厚度尺寸与长度尺寸之间比为1/51/7. 6) 为增强刚性，底座应采用十字形肋条，筋条间距一般为100mm100mm。7) 底座的

55、壁厚一般取2025mm。8) 底座上应有找正基面，以便于夹具的制造和转配，找正基面的平面度为0.05mm。9) 底座上应设置供起吊用的吊环螺钉或起重螺栓镗模底座的结构尺寸简图如图1-5所示。图1-5 镗模底座的结构尺寸简图支架的典型结构和尺寸简图如图1-6所示。图1-6 支架1.2.2 镗床类夹具主要技术条件夹具设计中，各相关元件间表面相互位置精度要求，通长称为技术条件，一般包括以下几个方面：1 定位元件之间或定位元件对夹具体底面之间的相互位置要求。2 定位元件与连接元件(或找正基面)间的相互位置要求。3 对刀元件与连接元件(或找正基面)间的相互位置要求。4 定位元件与导向元件间的相互位置要求

56、。凡与工件加工要求直接有关者，其位置误差数值可按工件加工技术条件规定数值的1/21/5选取；若与工件加工要求无直接关系，可按参考数值确定。在镗床上加工孔和孔系时，其尺寸精度和相对位置精度，是靠导套内，外圈的同轴度公差一般不超过0.005mm。导套内径的基本尺寸即为刀具最大极限尺寸，其公差按基轴制配合制定。1.2.3镗床规格和主要联系尺寸表1-1 卧式镗床联系尺寸型号镗床头和立架间最大距离主轴最大移动量主轴箱升降行程镗床头到工作台中心距离l主轴轴线到工作台距离h1立架上孔径工作台离导轨高度s工作台移动距离最大最小最大最小纵向横向168*262t*22706007551660520800 4585

57、1153451140 850t68233523526007551660520800 30853663451140 850t611236060075517401745520800 301103451225 850 850t61233001000140024308301400 01251600 14001.2.4 镗床类典型刀具具有一个或两个切削部分、专门用于对已有的孔进行粗加工、半精加工或精加工的刀具。镗刀可在镗床、车床或铣床上使用。因装夹方式的不同，镗刀柄部有方柄、莫氏锥柄和7：24锥柄等多种形式。 单刃镗刀切削部分的形状与车刀相似。为了使孔获得高的尺寸精度，精加工用镗刀的尺寸需要准确地调整。微调镗刀可以在机床上精确地调节镗孔尺寸，它有一个精密游标刻线的指示盘，指示盘同装有镗刀头的心杆组成一对精密丝杆螺母副机构。当转动螺母时，装有刀头的心杆即可沿定向键作直线移动，借助游标刻度读数精度可达0.001毫米。镗刀的尺寸也可在机床外用对刀仪预调。 双刃镗刀有两个分布在中心两侧同时切削的刀齿，由于切削时产生的径向力互相平衡，可加大切削用量，生产效率高。双刃镗刀按刀片在镗杆上浮动与否分为浮动