高中时态讲解及练习(全)

1、高中时态讲解时态（ Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为 16 种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。1. 一般现在时结构 : 主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化 ,其余人称用原形.用法：一般现在时主要用来描述经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态和其他情况。一般用法A) 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中， 句子常带有表示频率的时间状语： always , everyday , often , o

2、nce a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。 He often goes to the cinema. My sister wears glasses. I go to the school every day.B) 表示现在或经常性的情况或状态 Mother is ill. He likes living in the country.C) 表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了 描述现阶段的动作或状态 。其重点

3、不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态 。 He sings well. （能力） My father gets up early. （习惯） Miss Dothy teaches English. （职业） This machine runs smoothly. （特征） He can speak five foreign languages. Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。 ）D) 陈述客观事实和普遍真理。即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般

4、现在时。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 Summer follows spring. （客观规律） The earth runs around the sun. （客观规律） Fire burns. （客观事实） Knowledge is power. （客观真理） The sun rises in the east . I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. Ten minus two is eight. Light travels faster

5、 than sound.特殊用法A) 一些与 travel（旅行）有关的动词和其它少量动词，可用于一般现在时，表示一个按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作，即用一般现在时表将来（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、 结束、 继续 ”等的动词 be, arrive , begin , start , come , close , depart , end , go ,leave , open , return , stop , sail, , arrive, take off, fall, meet, stay, take place, happen等。）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。

6、常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例： The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3 点开车。）How often does this shuttle bus run?（这班车多久一趟？）When does the plane take off?The plane from Hainan arrives at 6 p.m.Are you on duty next weekend?B) 主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来。常用的引导词有：时间： whe

7、n, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, theday; 条件： if, unless, provided.例： I ll write to her when I have time. If we hurry up, we can catch the bus. Tell me in case you get into difficulty. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. I need one more stamp before my

8、 collection is completed.C) 主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,让步状语从句和方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来。 Whatever you say, I won t pay. Whether you help him or not, he will fail. Next time I ll do as he says.D) 用于“ the比较级 ,the比较级” (越 越 ) 句型中，若主句是一般将来时 , 从句通常用一般现在时。The more you eat, the fatter you（ will ） become.The harder you study, th

9、e better results you will get.E）当主句为将来时,定语从句用一般现在时表将来。 Ill give you anything you ask for. Hell give anyone 5,000 who help him with his RussianF) 在 make sure （弄清楚） ,make certain （弄清楚）,mind （注意） ,watch （注意） ,take care（注意 ,当心） see to it that （记得） , be careful （注意 ,当心） +that 宾语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来。 We must ta

10、ke care that no one sees us. Make sure you lock the door before you leave. Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings. Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater. So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.G) 在 it doesnt matter, I don t care, I don t mind 等结构后以及类似结构后的名词

11、性从句用一般现在时表将来。 It doesn t matter where we go on holiday. Does it matter who goes first? I don t care whether we win or lose.H) 主句是将来完成时态 ,从句有 by the time 所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去完成时态 ,从句有 by the time 所引导的从句用一般过去时）By the time he comes, I ll have left.（ By the time he came, I had left.）G) 在 There, here 开头

12、的倒装句结构中，通常用一般现在时。Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.练一练：1. Would you please give him the message the moment he _ ?A. arrivesB. is to arriveC. will arriveD. will be arriving2.He ll have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university.A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. g

13、raduatesD. is to graduateAC2. 现在进行时 (be doing)结构 : be (am, are, is)+ doing时间状语 :now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays,at present 用法：主要用来描述说话、写文章的当刻 正在发生的动作，或是 现阶段 一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况。A ）表示现在 ( 指说话时 )正在发生的事情。They are having a football match .She is writing her term paper.Someone is asking for you o

14、n the phone.We are having English class now.B) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 现阶段 一直在进行的动作。 这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生， 而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your new job？你那份新工作干得怎么样？C）现在进行时表示将来,主要表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。用

15、于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如： go , come , leave ,arrive , have , return, stay等。 I m leaving tomorrow. They are getting married next week. We are having a holiday next Wednesday. Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？注 :现在进行时表示将来 ,其计划性较强 ,并往往暗示一种意图 ,而一般现在时态表示将来 ,除特殊的从句用一般现在时态表示将来 ,一般其客观性较强 ,多指按时刻表或规定要发

16、生的事情。 I m not going out this evening. What time does the train leave?D）现在进行时与 always/forever/constantly /continuously/all the time 等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作 ,表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于一般现在时 所描述的情况。 Shes always helping others. Shes constantly changing her mind. He is always coming lat

17、e. ( 不满 ) Youre always thinking of others.( 赞扬 ) She is foolish. （生性如此） She is being foolish. （一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry, careful, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite容词。等动态形F) 在时间状语从句 ,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的动作Look out when you are crossing the street.Dont wake him up if he is still slee

18、ping at 7 tomorrow morning.Don t mention this when you are talking with him .与一般现在时相比, 现在进行时强调的是情况的暂时性, 而非长期的习惯性的动作或情况 .Where does he work?(长期的固定的工作)Where is he working?( 暂时性的可能刚换了工作)You are being a good girl to day.( 今天你很乖哦 )表示思维、心理状态, 感觉、情感的动词love, hate, please, want, hope, need, prefer, believe,t

19、hink 表存在状态的动词appear, exist, lie, be , have , include, contain, belong to , datefrom 表感官的动词feel, see, hear, notice, smell, taste, look不宜用进行时The material feels soft.The expensive car belongs to Mr. Green.What do you think of (about) the new teacher?比较： What are you thinking about?（“思考”不是“认为” ）练一练：1. -

20、 Is this raincoat yours?- No, mine _ there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung2 I ve won a holiday for two to Florida.I _ my mum.A am takingB have takenC takeD will have taken3. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A will be builtB is builtC has been builtD is b

21、eing builtAAD3. 一般将来时时间状语 :tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +时间段表示将来时的常见形式:be to/be going to/be about to/be v-ing/be due to/will/shall动原用法：主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的 将来时间 是指 说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间 。它的表示方法主要有如下几种。A) 基本结构是will / shall do 。 shall / will +动词原形这种表示方法是说动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内

22、发生；它没有主观性，是将来动作 。自然规律，必然结果。例： I shall / will not be free tomorrow.He will arrive here this evening .I will be 41 next year.纯粹的表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事用will 。-You forget to close the door.-Oh, I ll close it at once.-Ann is in hospital.-Oh, really? I didn t know. I ll go and visit her.B) 有些动词， 如：

23、arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start,stay 等，用于一般进行时， 并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用， 可以表示将来时。例： My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5 月。）C) be( am / is / are ) + going + 不定式1）表示迹象表明要发生某事,只能用 be going to 。Look at

24、the dark clouds. It s going to rain.2）说话人的意图、打算，按计划、打算来干.I m going to wash the car if I have time.He is going to spend his holidays in London .Who is going to speak first?This is just what I am going to say. （这正是我想说的。 ）D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用 be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。不能和 tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连

25、用。它与be on/at the point of doing sth. 相似例： Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。 ）He is about to leave for Beijing.Autumn is about to start.They are on the point of starting.E) be(am/is/are) to do 的用法：a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远。例： She is to be

26、seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。 The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. We are to have an exam this week.）b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于 should, must, ought to, have to ），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 父母让子女 ,上级让下级做的事 ,表示命令。 应该做， 必须做， 按要求做 （义务）。例： You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are

27、arriving in less than 5 minutes.孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5 分钟之内就要到了。You are to sign your name here.Youre to do your homework before you watch TV .You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room .You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你妈妈回来之前你不要出去。c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, m

28、ay）例：How am I to pay such a debt? （我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）d) 表（命运）注定。不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。例： He came to power, but he was to pay dearly for it, soon he was murdered.The plan is to fail.e) 用于条件从句“如果想，设想” （接近 if want to,或 if should） ,即用于虚拟语气中，假设将来。例：If it were to rain tomorrow.(should rain, rained)We will

29、 begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.f) 表征求意见 ,用于问句。F) be due to 与时间表 ,旅行计划等有关。 The train is due to leave at 7:00. He is due to leave very soon.注意点：A) “祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中 and 后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.B）一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.Oil will float on water./Crops will

30、 die without water.Whenever he has time, he will come and see me .C）其否定式表示“不能没法”The machine won t work.( 机器没法开动)This play won t act. (戏剧没法上演 )D）虽然 be going to 可以用来表示将来，但有条件句或表示假设的时间状语从句的主句中，一般都使用will 而不是 be going toWhen she leaves you, you ll find you can t do without her.If you dare to bully kids a

31、gain, you be going to do ,be to do , will /shall do ll be dead.的区别前两者都可表示按计划, 安排做某事.be todo 还可表命令,意愿或征求对方意见.Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算.will/ shall + 动词原形表示将来发生的动作或状态.“ be going to + 动词原形”表示最近打算要做的事或有迹象表明要发生的事。 “ be about to +动词原形”表示即将要发生的事情。“ be to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或事先安排好将要发生的事。练一练：1. Greater efforts to inc

32、rease agricultural production must be made if food shortage _avoidedA is to beB can beC will beD has been答案是 A is to be。全句的意思是： “如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”2.I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A inB toC atD on答案是 Don the point of doing是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是： “当他的信到的时候我正要打

33、电话给他。”3.-You ve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off.A. I ll goB. I ve goneC. I goD. I m going4. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _ .A.I dontB.I wontC.I cantD.I havent5.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survivedB. are to surv

34、iveC. would surviveD. will survive6.Next year my sister _ ten years old.A. shallB. is going to beC. is about to beD. will be4. 一般过去时（ did 式）I _ (spend) my childhoodhappily withmy old friends. We always _(play)football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We_ (be

35、) happy at that time.Spentplayeddidntwere主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作， 或过去习惯性动作， 不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。 这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同， 只是所在的时间区域不同而已。 由于它的主要作用如此， 所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。构成：一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示， 也就是说动词词末要加 -ed（除不规则动词外） 。时间状语： last night

36、 (week , month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree yearsago , )等等。理解：使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。 过去 的时间概念有两层意思： 一是指 现在某个时间 以前的时间； 二是指 说话、写文章的那个时间点 以前的时间，在这个意义上， 现在的那个时间

37、点 是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。He got his driving license last month.-Wheres Jim? -He just went out.基本用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。 He bought the computer five years ago. It was then a small fishing village. I didnt know you were here. Who put forward the suggestion? *She worked for ten hours yesterday.B) 表示

38、过去经常性或习惯性的动作。特别是由would/used to do 表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。would do （现在可能还这样）used to doused to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。be/become/get used to + doing ，表示习惯于to为不定式， 后接动词原形。used to do 的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not todo, didnt used todo, didnt use to do 都对。例： The old man would sit on a bench in the qu

39、iet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。He used to visit his mother once a week. （他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。We often played together when we were children.He used to go to work by bus.He used to smoke a lot.）特别用法:1有

40、时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。 I wondered if you were free this evening. I thought you might like some flowers. I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car? （我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？） Would you mind my sitting here? （您介意我坐在这里吗？）注 : 过去进行时也可表示现在使语气更委婉、客气 I was wondering if you could give me a lift. We were ho

41、ping you would stay with us. Did you want to see me? Could you help me?能这样用的动词主要限于want, wonder , think, hope, intend等少数动词。2一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在 ,这些结构主要是 it s time ,I wish , I would rather ,if only ,as if , as though等 : It s time we started. I wish I knew his name. I d rather you lived with us.固定句型：1.

42、It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡了。2. would rather sb. did sth.表示 宁愿某人做某事。例如： Id rather you came tomorrow. 你还是明天来吧。（注意区别would rather do sth.)3）有些情况发生的时间不很清楚(无明确时间状语), 但实际是过去发生的.I was glad to get your letter.What did you say?What was the final score?注意事项：A) 注意时间状语

43、的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago 等，绝对不可与 recently, in the past 10 years, this month 等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B) 应该用过去时但常常被忽略的例子：What was the score?（比赛已经过去）How did you like her performance?（刚刚演完）I didn t know you were a police officer. （现在知道了）I

44、never thought she would be your wife! （当时没想到）I didn t expect to meet you here.（当时没有料到）练一练：1. Your phone number again? I _quite catch it. Its 9568442.A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant2. Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she_!A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised3. The summer holidays we

45、had been looking forward to _ at last.A. comingB. having comeC. had comeD. CameABD5. 现在完成时 (have/has done)结构 : have (has) +过去分词时间状语 : already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, never, once, twice , for , since 基本用法 :A) 表示动作从过去某时到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。We haven t seen each other for a long time.How m

46、any pages of the story have you read?By now, I have collected all the data that I need .She has read 150 pages today.B) 持续性用法：表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。该用法表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成 ,而是持续到现在 ,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束。 此时经常用延续性动词。 常与表示延续性的时间状语连用 ,如 :so far, upto now, recently, in the past 6 years, since加一个

47、过去的时间点，或for加一段时间， 或by 加一个现在时间。 Have you waited long? We have been busy this afternoon. I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years. So far weve only discussed the first five chapters.C) 影响性用法 :该用法表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find,give, lose 等。常用的时间状语有: just ,a

48、lready, yet, ever, never, once 等等 .例： We have finished our lunch already.Have you ever tried this method?He has left the city. （结果 :他不在这个城市）Someone has broken the window.（结果 : 窗户仍破着）See what youve done!D）不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成, 而后果和影响至今存在.I have seen the film many times.The city has taken on a new

49、 look.E) 到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次动作的总和 , 也可表示状态和习惯性的动作)How many pages have covered today?She has done a lot of work for us.He has been ill for a week.F) 表示一直持续到现在的状态The conference has lasted five days.G）在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so mu

50、ch knowledge.We ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成时发生 , 则不必用完成时.试比较 :I ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.She will call you when she gets home., 如果两个动作同时或几乎同用现在完成时的典型场合A ）“ since过去时间”或“ since 接 that 从句（从句中用一般过去时） ”则句中用现在完成时。 I haven t seen her since las

51、t week. Where have you been since I last saw you?B）句中有 so far/in （ for/during ）the past （last）years（ months ）/up to now/until now等短语则句中谓语用现在完成时。 So far there has been no news. She hasn t had any friends so far. In the past two years I ve seen him three times. He has been in Guangdong (for ） the last month. Up to now, the work has been very easy.C) “ It/This/That is the first （ second/third ） time that 从句”或“ It/This/That is the only that 从句”或“ It/This/That is the 最高级 that 从句”从句中谓语用现在完成时。 It/This/That