非谓语动词经典易错题会诊

1、英语：经典易错题会诊（非谓语动词）非谓语动词的类别和句法功能非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式，同时也可以考查到句非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。经典易错题会诊命题角度1非谓语动词类别和句法功能1.（典型例题）1 think you ll growhim when you know him better.A.Iik ingB.to b

2、e likeC.to likeD.to be liki ng精品文档3考场错解A喜欢专家把脉动词grow有达到做某事的程度或地步”的含义，后面常接不定式。按照句意应该是 上他”的动词like而不是像他”的介词like.对症下药CThe an swers ready will be of great hel p.2.（ 典型例题）It s n ecessary to beppred for a job in terview.A.To have hadB.Hav ing hadC.HaveD.Havi ng考场错解A或B专家把脉根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主语表示一般的行为动作而不定

3、式做主语则表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之 后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合 完成式的含义。3.（典型例题）The flowers对症下药Dsweet in the bota nic garde n attract the visitors to the beauty of n ature.A.to smellB.smelli ngC.smeltD.to be smelt考场错解专家把脉从四个选项的设置来看，本题考查不定式和分词作定语的区别。分析题干可知,smell这里C和D。

4、主语出the flowers与非谓应当是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以不能用被动形式，可以排除 语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，而且强调的是目前的状态，现在分词符合。对症下药4.（典型例题）“ We can t go out in this weather,” oatdoBthe wi ndow.A.Io oki ngB.to lookC.lookedD.havi ng looked考场错解专家把脉句意是Bob说话时的伴随动作，那么是现在分词用作伴随状语了。此时没有完成式。对症下药5.（ 典型例题）Laws that punish parents for their little childr

5、ens actions against the laws get parentsA.worriedB.to worryC.worry ingD.worry考场错解B专家把脉本题考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别。宾补与parents之间有逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词作宾补。get parents worried意思是 使父母担心worried表示状态。对症下药B6.（典型例题）The rep air cost a lot, but its money wellA. to spendB.spentC. being spentD. spending考场错解C专家把脉前文意为：修理花了很多钱。表明动

6、作已经发生，过去分词作定有完成被动的含义。对症下药B专家会诊非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项不定式1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except/ but意为 除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:can but +动词原形；只能、只得cannot help（choose）but + 动词原形：不能不do nothing but + 动词原形：只做There is nothing to do but + 动词原形： 只有做have no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I could do nothing bu

7、t go home on foot.（ 省略 to）I cannot choose but tell him the truth.（省略 to）She could do nothing but leave.（省略 to）I have no choice but to cry.（不能省略 to）2.不定式在使役动词have, let, make 以及感官动词 see, look at, watch , notice , observe, hear, listento.例如：to, feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号I often hear him sing

8、 this song.He is ofte n heard to sing this song.I saw them p lay in the park.They were see n to p lay in the park.3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way , Place, way 除外。例如 ：He is not a man to tell lies.（主谓关系）There will not be eno ugh space to s

9、ta nd in on the earth.（ 动宾关系 ）Here is some paper for you to write on.The boy has a nice pen to write with.We found a way to solve this p roblem （in）.通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:（1）不定式表示将来;（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all , any等限定词的中心词。（3）用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability , disability , chanee, idea, fact, excuse,promise, answer, r

10、eply , attempt, belief, way, reason,time等。例如：During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.（ 表将来）She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（有序数词修饰）I have no chance to escape.修饰扌由象名词 ）Do you have the ability to read French?（修饰抽象名词）4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to

11、 , so as to 换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will , shall, should, would ,can, must, could等情态动词。例如 ：He sat dow n to have a rest.（表目的 ）He woke up to find everybody gone.（ 表结果）I m very pl eased to hear from him.表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐To look at him, you cant help laugh条件.,（谓语动词含有can）He was too excited no

12、t to say a word.（表程度）He is old eno ugh to go to school.（表程度）过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero.（ 将要修建的）The bridge being built is n

13、amed Stone in honor of the hero.（ 正大修建的 ）The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero.（ 己经修建了的 ）Have you read the novel written by Dicke ns?He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students.（没有时间性 ）Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men.（ 表正在）The questi on to be di

14、scussed at the Sun day meeti ng is very important.（表将来）令人感在英语中，表示 感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到”指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词（see, look at, watch , notice, observe,

15、hear, listen to, feel）禾R使役动词（have, let, make）后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to的不定式）,现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。例如:I heard her sing a Chin ese song jut now.（表示主动,完成）I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night.（表示正在进行 ）I heard the Chinese song sung m

16、any times.（表示被动 ）The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest.（ 不能用 make）I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.（ 表示状态 ）I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot.（ 表示完成 ）2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是使处于某种状态”。例如:It is wrong for you to leave the mac

17、hine running.（ 主动，正在进行 ）The guests left most of the dishes untouched.（ 被动，完成 ）精品文档My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work.（ 主动，将来 ）My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done.（ 被动，将来）过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别1. 一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如Seen from a distanee, the mountain looke

18、d like a man.Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2. 现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如Being helped by the teacher, she will learn En glish well.Helped by the teacher, she has lear ned En glish well.3. 现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例

19、如Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.t be take nerba vUsed in this way， the word shouldnGiven more time, we will fin ish the work p erfectly.独立主格结构分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构形式。独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不

20、是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如Win ter havi ng come, it s gett ing colder and colder.The homework finished,the child went home.His leg badiy hurt.he had to stay in bed.Time permitting , we ll visit the Summer Palace.She lay aga inst the walLthe sun shinning upon her.从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的

21、人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。”构独立主格结构也可以由“ withZ without +名词或代词 +分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语成。例如：The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth oponWith his parents away, the boy became naughtier.The teacher came into the classroom.with a book in her hand （ = book in hand）精品文档5She sat still, with her eyes closed.（被动，

22、状态）She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling.（ 主动，正在）With you to help me , I could do it better.（主动，将来）With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday.（ 被动，完成 ）With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time.（ 被动，将来）垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人

23、或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指我们”例如：Search ing along the street, it had take n him along time to find a cli nic. （ search ing的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人)Walki ng or slee ping, this subject is always in my mi nd. （walki ng or slee ping的逻辑主语是句中my 所指的我”)Using the electric energy,it is necessary to change its form. （ using 的逻辑主语泛指

24、我们”）he coitrageeto go on.考场思维训练such heavy loss, the bus in essma n did nA. Having sufferedB. Sufferi ng C. To sufferD. Suffered7答案：A2 When last解析:suffering在谓语动词动作之前发生。valuable, those books enjoyed great success.A. findingB. found C. being foundD. to be found答案：B 解析:相当于 when last the books were found

25、 valuable。3 How pl eased the detective was _ what his customer told him!A. heari ngB. to hear C. heardD. to heari ng答案：B 解析:be pl eased to do sth.4 I ll tlnk you _ my affairs alone.I will. It is none of my bus in ess.A. to have leftB. for leavi ng C. to leaveD. for havi ng left答案：C 解析:这里不是thank you

26、for(doing)sth.结构，是谢谢的前提。精品文档命题角度 2 非谓语动词的时态和语态1. （ 典型例题苏 ）Is Bob still performing?I m afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be left考场错解C或B专家把脉从句意判断，动作leave后有already修饰，应当用完成式；其逻辑主语是he,不存在被动,故选项 A 最佳。2 （ 典型例题 ） 对症下药

27、Ain the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. Lost C. Being lostD. Losing考场错解 A专家把脉受到for a week的影响，考生容易误选A。这里非谓语动词的逻辑主语是the two students，而 lose 是及物动词,应当用被动来表示,或是 lose oneself 结构。选项 A 如果改成 Having been lost 也是正确答案。 对症下药 B3. （典型例题 ） I send you 10

28、0 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. followsB. followed C. to followD. being followed考场错解 专家把脉 本题很容易误选 A，把它动作谓语动词。句意是 今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后”,相当于定语从句which will follow 的省略。这里动词 follow 是指 “某事在时间或空间上在其他事物之后 ”的含义。 对症下药 4. （典型例题 ） The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left

29、.A. to tellB. to be told C. tellingD. told考场错解 A专家把脉 only + to do 常用作结果状语,表示一种出乎意外的结果,意为结果却 ”。这里 the newsrepoaers 与 tell 之间是被动关系,所以不定式中用被动形式。 对症下药 B考场错解 C5. （典型例题 ） The old man,_ abroad for twenty, years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have worked精品文档D. having worked考

30、场错解C专家把脉根据后面on the way back的提示，可以知道work这一动作已经结束，所以应该用非谓语动词的完成式；再依据句中的逗号排除选项C.对症下药D6. （典型例题）You were silly not _ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lock ingD. havi ng locked精品文档9考场错解A专家把脉You are silly后接不定式一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作；接不定式的完成式表示先于谓语动词的动作。没锁上汽车”是指谓语动词之前的动作，所以用完成式。对症下药B7. （典型例题 ）from other con

31、tinents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found inany other country in the world.A. Being sep aratedB. Having sep arated C. Having bee n sep aratedD. To be sep arated考场错解A或B专家把脉从题意看，澳大利亚与其他大陆分开有很多年了，动作发生在谓语动作之前，又是被动关系，用现在分词的完成被动式是最合适的。对症下药C1. 动词不定式的时态和语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表

32、示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如:Her father disappeared， never to be heard from again . （hear from 禾R his father 之间是被动关系 ）The book is sid to have been tramlated into many Ianguages . （translate 禾R the book 之间是被动关系 ）注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况:(1) 不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如I haven t g

33、ot a key to uniock the door.（to uniock the do（的逻辑主语是 a key）(2) 不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如：I haven t got a book to readl为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语 )(3) 不定式作宾语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了 for one或for peopie。例如:The book is difficult （for me） to un dersta nd.He is har

34、d （ for me） to work with.在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如：There is a lot of to be done.（工作被作）There is a lot of to do.（需要人去做）2. 动名词的时态和语态动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这样是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。例如We are interested in playing ches

35、s.（同时）She is looking forward to hearing from you again.（ 之后）I m sorrfor not having kept my promise.（ 之前）The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone.（ 被动）The house showed no sign of having been damaged/之前，被动 ）考场思维训练whether they will1 There is no doubt that hik ing is good for the retired co

36、up le, but it rema insenjoy it.A. to seeB. see ingC. to be see nD.seen答案：C解析:不定式和逻辑主语是被动关系。2_ in 1963,a ndin PhiladeIphia,Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent toBarklee School to study Jazz.A. Being born; havi ng raised B. Bom; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; rais in

37、g答案：B解析:没有强调时间的先后。3 I regretyou Joh n has bee n fired.I can hardly believed my ears. He is such a fine workerA. telli ngB. havi ng told C. to tellD. to have told11答案：C解析:在谓语动作之后发生。4 Man ager, do you have someth ing _ at this mome nt?精品文档No, thanks. I ll call you if any.A. to be typedB. to type C. ty

38、pingD. typed精品文档15答案: A解析 :强调事情本身必须完成。命题角度 3 非谓语动词的固定搭配1.（ 典型例题庆 ）What should I do with this passage?to the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding outD. To find outB. Found outC. Find out 考场错解 D专家把脉如果理解成表示目的的不定式就会误选D。根据语境是回答对方的问题做什么what ”回答时，这里用祈使语气。 对症下药 C2. （典型例题 ） When asked by the police, he sai

39、d that he rememberat the party, but not _A. to arrived; leavingB. to arrived; to leave C. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave 考场错解 B专家把脉 forgetrememberregret to do 忘记记住后悔去做某事，forget remember regret doing忘记记得后悔已经做过某事。根据语境，动作已发生，当用动名词，同时but 后要和前文保持一致。 对症下药 C3.（ 典型例题 ）My advisor encouraged _ a summe

40、r course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take 考场错解 专家把脉 考生往往会习惯想到for sb . t.d.sth .其实，encourage是及物动词，常用于encourage+宾语+不定式结构。 对症下药 4.（典型例题 ）Having been iii in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time_the exam.A. passB. to pass C. passedD. passing 考场

41、错解 专家把脉 固定结构 have a hard time（in）doing something 意为 “好不容易；在方面有困难 ”。 对症下药 5.（ 典型例题春招 ）He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be putting C. to put精品文档D. putting 考场错解 t see how you can stop her.A. madeB. having made C. makingD. to make 专家把脉 习惯用语 catch someb

42、ody doing something 意为 “偶然撞见某人正在做某事 ”。 对症下药 专家会诊英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。1.下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider ( 考虑 ) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss( 错过 ), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer 等动词 ;be used t

43、o(习惯于),insist on, can Help(情不自禁),can stand (无法忍受),give up, feel like, keep on.look forward to, put off, devote to,stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in) 等动词组。2.下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：f

44、orget/ remember/ regret to do忘记/记住/后悔去做某事forgetrememberregret doing 忘记记得后悔已经做过某事stop to do 停下来接着做另一件事 stop doing 停止做一件事mean to do 意欲、企图做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事go on to do 做完某事接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事try to do 努力、试图做某事 try doing 尝试着做某事3. 有些短语作状语是固定结构), supposing/judging from, generally/ frankly/ hone

45、stly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考虑到providing (that).(彳假女0 ),seeing ( that ).(既然，由于),to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with（首先，第一 ）。例如 :Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing.Considering everything, he did a good job.

46、Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don考场思维训练1 I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.答案 : DA. to knowB. knowing C. knownD. to be known解析:to make matters worse是固定搭配，意为情况更糟糕的是”。un til last Sun day.2 The result was not made答案：C 解析:改成主动句 “ They

47、did n t make the result kn ow n un til lasts Sun day即知是分词充当宾补。3 When he got off the bus, he found his po cketD. miss ingA. stole nB. p icked C. gone答案：B 解析:pickone s pocke意为 扒某人口袋”，这里是have sth.done句型。4 I really app reciate _ to relax with you on this nice isla nd.A. to have had timeB. havi ng time C

48、. to have timeD. to havi ng time答案：B 解析:appreciate接ing形式作宾语。命题角度4非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式1.（典型例题徽）I really cant understandher like thatA. you treatB. you to treatC. why treatD. youtreat ing考场错解A或B专家把脉 本题题干相当于 I really can t understand why you treated her like that，而 understand 不能用于understand sb.to do sth

49、.结构中。这里用动名词形式,you是其逻辑主语。对症下药D2.（典型例题）the P rogram, they have to stay there for ano ther two week.A. Not compi etedB. Not compi et ingC. Not havi ng compi etedD. Havi ng not compi eted考场错解A专家把脉根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除D ;再根据非谓语动词与句子主语的关系，排除B;句意是 没有完成编程”的动作发生在have to stay动作之前，所以用完成式对症下药C3. （典型例题春招 ）Victor ap

50、ologized for _ to in form me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able考场错解B专家把脉动名词的否定形式是由not+动名词构成的，动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格精品文档动名词构成。对症下药CIt is imp Orta nt for us to work hard. （ to work is imp orta nt.只能用 for）It is kind of you to help

51、 me to clea n the room. （you are kind. 只能用 of）We want to go with you to have a picnic.Little Tom liked to be take n to the cin ema.I want the report to be typed as quickly as po ssible.The man ager asked me to type the report as quickly as p ossible.Tom s coming surprised all of us.主语）His not attend

52、ing the meeting made the manager very angry.（主语）Would you mi nd me/ my opening the win dow?（ 宾语）They ali thought Tom s/ Tom going there a great mis宾kb）（Is there any hope of their team winning the game?（无生命）of或for的介词宾语,专家会诊非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是非谓语动词的动作执行者。在不定式中，逻辑主语是或是句子的主语，或是句子的宾语。例如:It is important for us

53、to work hard.（to work is important.只能用 for）It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.（you are kind. 只能用 of）We want to go with you to have a picnic.Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema.I want the report to be typed as quickly as possible.The manager asked me to type the report as quickly a

54、s possible.动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格：无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如:Tom S comingsurprised all of us （主语）His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry.（主语）Would you mind me/my opening the window?（ 宾语）They all thought Tom s /Tom goingthere a great mistake.（宾语）Is there any hope of their team winning the game ?（无生命）精品文档19I have never heard of women landing the moon.（ 有生命，但表泛指 ）（见上文）。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句