情态动词学生版

1、131 情态动词的语法特征1） 发生。2）3）4）情态动词情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情， 只表示期待或估计某事的 情态动词 除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不带 to 的不定式。 情态动词 没有人称，数的变化 ，即情态动词第三人称单数不加 -s。 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。2 比较 can 和 be able to1）can / could表示能力；be able to可以用于各种时态，was / were able to侧重表 示过去设法成功做了某事。战争爆发前他成功地逃离了欧洲 .他们很快就能告诉你消息了。成（ 功地得到了一份工作 ）Afte

2、r years of hard study in a foreign company.2）can / could 表示可能性，常用于疑问句和否定句中。 （在肯定句中用 may） 他能买得起这么昂贵的车吗？3）注意：could提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。- Could I have the television on?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.4）cannot与enough连用，“再也不过分”You cannot be careful enough. 3 比较 may 和 might1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测； may 放在句

3、首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推测时，可能性比 may 小。_我（ 们不妨试一下 ）. （不妨扔掉 ）.2）may/might as well do. 意为不妨。If that is the case, No one will eat the food, it典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will4 比较 have to 和 must1）have to 表示客观的需要, mu

4、st 表示说话人 主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I 只（ 得把医生请来 ） in themiddle of the night.He said that 他（ 们必须努力工作 ）.2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而 must只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3) 否定结构： dont have to ; mustnt.Cf: You dont have to tell him about it. You mustnt tell him about it.5 must

5、 表示推测1) must 用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为 一定 。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测 .(must be / do / be doi ng) You have worked hard all day.You 一(定累了) .他一定在办公室工作呢。Cf: He must be staying there.He must stay there.3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测 . (must have done)I didnt hear the phone. I 一( 定是睡着了 ).4) 否定推测用 cant。( 他一定还If Tom didnt

6、leave here until five oclock, 未到家 )yet.6 表示推测的用法1)can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下： 情态动词 +动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测。I dont know where she is, 她( 可能在武汉 ).2)情态动词 +动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher 一( 定在批改试卷 ).3)情态动词 +动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We可( 能已完成 ) this work by the end of next De

7、cember.4)地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。推测的否定形式，疑问形式用 cant, couldnt 表示。迈( 克一定还没有找回他的车 ), for he came to work by bus this morning.注意：could, might表示推测时，可能性比 can, may小。7 情态动词 + have +过去分词1) may(might) have done sth；can (could) have done sth 疑( 问句和否定句 ) Philip 可( 能严重受伤 ) in the car accident.2) could have done 用于肯定句中，可表

8、示 我( 本来可以帮助他的 ), but I didnt manage to do it.3) must have done sth 一定.- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-她( 一定乘汽车上班去了 ).4) ought to have done sth ; should have done sth ought not to have done sth ; shouldnt have done sth这次的试验你本应该更小心的。他本不应该把旧衣服扔掉的。我本不应该提起别人的秘密。5）neednt have done

9、 sth没( 必要这么做等。”。I dressedvery warmly for the trip, but I 的 ）. The weather was hot.6）would like to have done sth 我本打算阅读这篇文章的，但那时我太忙了。8 shall 和 should1) shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示 How shall I start the machine? 他可以进来吗？ 2) shall 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中时，表示 You shall carry your identification card when travelling.3) s

10、hould 表示劝告和建议，表示“ ”。You should leave here before sunset.4) should 可表示对现在、将来或过去情况的某种推测， “They should be talking with the company manager now.5) should可用于if引导的条件从句中,。从句谓语动词用should+动词原形。如（ 果万一有什么问题 ）, take it to the shopkeeper. Should I be free tomorrow, Ill go fishing with you.6）用于疑问句中可以表示惊讶，难以置信的事情。W

11、hy should he tell a lie?最好不做 .9 had better 表示 最好 . 最好做 .你( 最好穿上我的外套 ).It is pretty cold. _ 她最好不要跟狗玩 .had better have done st表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好.。You had better have come earlier.10 would rather 表示 宁愿宁愿做 . 宁愿不做 .宁愿而不愿宁（ 愿不继续学业 ） at this school.If I have a choice, I 我宁愿呆在这儿而不愿回家 .典型例题 Shall we go skatin

12、g or stay at home?Which _ do?A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather 11 will 和 would1）will / would表示意志或意愿。2） 用于表示请求、建议等，would比will更委婉。3） 表示习惯性动作，“总是、习惯”。would用于描述过去的习惯。E.g. I wont lend you my MP4 p layer.Would you pl ease p ass the pen to me?He总是通宵工作 ）when he was

13、 young.在那些日子，每当我有困难，我总是向老师求助。12情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答Need you ？ Yes, I _Must you ？典型例题1）否定回答No,l _2)3)-Could I borrow your dicti on ary?-Yes, of course, you.A. might B. will C. can D. should-Shall I tell Joh n about it?-No, you. Ive told him already.A. need nt B. would ntC. must ntD. should nt-D ont forget

14、 to come to my birthday party tomorrow.A. I dont B. I wont C. I ca nt D. I have nt13带to的情态动词ought to, have to, used to, be to, have got to （二must）, be ableio 它们的疑问，否 定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the mon th?She did nt use to p lay tennis before she was fourtee n.You ought

15、 not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart sp ecialist at on ce.?ought to本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否 定时，须有do等助动词协助。典型例题Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tellC.be telli ng D. havi ng told14 比较 need 和 dare既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句、否定句和条件句；一般

16、不用于肯定 句中（除结构I dare say.我认为，我相信）。need作实义动词时，后接带to的不定式；dare作实义动词时，后接带to的 不定式；在疑问句和否定句中，也可省略to。E.g.你怎么敢做如此危险的事情？这个害羞的男孩不敢在公众场合讲话。5业屋菱童誉靈i -情态动词和虚拟语气1. Hows your new babysitter?Weask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.（2011 浙江高考）A. shouldB. mightC. must ntD . could nt2 . The p olice still h

17、ave nt found the lost child, but theyre doi ng all they.（2011四川高考）canB. mayC. mustD . should3.If yousmoke, please go outside.（2011 全国卷 n ） canB. shouldC . mustD . maysooner but I did nt know that they were wait ing for me.（2011天津高考 ）had comeB . was comingC . would comeD . would have comeIf people ea

18、t n atural plant poisons by mistake, theygo to hos pital withoutdelay.（2011济南市第一次教学质量调研）A . wouldB . canC . mayD . must6. I dont mind telli ng you what happened.You.Im n ot aski ng you for it.（2011烟台市第二次诊断）A . must ntB . may notC . cantD . need nt7. Is there a movie on in the cin ema toni ght?Thereb

19、e. I will phone the cinema and find it out.（2011 临沂市质量检测）-A . mightB . shouldC . canD . could& Can I pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir. But it is the man ageme nt rule of our hotel that p ayme ntbe paidin cash.（2011合肥第三次质量检测）A . willB . canC . shouldD . shall9 . We can hardly believe that an in telli

20、ge nt person like Danielbe ask ing sucha silly questio n.（2011杭州第二次质量检测 ）A . shouldB . mightC . mustD . could10 . Cathy went to the hos pital alon e. If she had told me about it, Iwith her.（2011 东城第一学期检测）A . had goneB . would have gone C . would goD . wentw=-情态动词和虚拟语气（限时25分钟）I .单项填空1 Perhaps youstop

21、 playing computer games now. Your boss may be turning up inthe office at any mome nt.（2011 郑州第二次质量检测 ）AwillBmustCshouldDcan2 What does the sign over there read?“ No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in thisarea. （2011 南昌一模）A shallBmayCmustDwill3 I dont think a tennis batAmayBsh

22、ouldCmustDneed4 What should I wear to the party? Well, it isnt very formal. Youwear whatever you like.（2011 西城 4月一模）AcanB mustCshouldDneed5 Is there an express to Beijing tonight? Therebe, but youd better call the booking office to make sure.（2011 合肥市第二次质量检测 ）AcanBmightC willDmust6 This dish is real

23、ly delicious.you please say it in Chinese? Sure, we call itd20flui河南质量调研）A MightBCouldCShallD Maybe so expensive. Is there any room forbargaining ? （2011温州第一次适应性测试 ）7YouA wouldntBmustntCshouldntDcouldnt8 May I park here, Madame? If youplease do it there, as parking is not allowed here.（2011 苏北四市第三次调

24、研 ）AneedBmayCmustDcanhave bothered doing the washing- up.Thats OK. No p roblem.（2011 苏锡常镇四市调查一 ）I agree. You know, he9 I plan to pay Tracy a visit next Se to see us on Sunday when we were inAmerica.（2011南京金陵中学模拟）AmightBshouldC wouldDcould10If you think the price of beef is too high, youas w

25、ell buy some pork. Itdepends on you.（2011江苏省苏中三市调研 ）A shouldBwillCwouldD may11 Why! Monica, I couldnt get you on the phone this morning. Really? Ithe flowers in my garden when you phoned me.（2011 宁夏六校联考）A must be wateringB must have been wateringC might waterD ought to have watered12 I was not in Fu

26、zhou last September, otherwise Ithe opening ceremony ofthe 5th National Special Olympic Games.（2011 福州质量检测）A would not missB didnt missChad not missedD would not have missed13 AHad you requiredB Should you requireCYou requiredDYou had required14 He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he质量检测 ）he

27、r mind.（2011 西安第二次Ahad toldB was tellingChad readD was readinganything, give me a call and Ill be glad to help you.（2011 西安第二次质量检测 ）15 What courses are you going to take next term if you want to receive enoughcredits to get your degree? I dont know. But its about timeon something.（2011 南昌二模 ）AId dec

28、idedBI decidedCI decideDIm deciding16.交际用语题 Excuse me, have you got a light?.I dont smoke.（2011江苏启东中学摸底考试 ）A Dont mention itBNever mindCIm afraid notDThanks a lot17.交际用语题 Do you mind if I play some rock music now, Peter?Andy is sleeping now.（2011 宁夏六校联考）ASorry, Id rather you didnt.B You are not allo

29、wed here.CGreat! I love music.DNo, you neednt.（2011大连市部分中学联考n .阅读理解）Once many years ago, I pulled a family out of a burning car somewhere in Wyoming. Last week I received a telephone call from a woman who could not stop crying as she told me that one of my stories had saved her son from committing s

30、uicide. In closing she called me a hero.That got me thinking about what a hero really is. Was I a hero because I pulled a family froma burning car? If so, how could I be a hero just because I wrote a story that saved some on es life?Today I decided to look up the word “ hero in the dictio nary to se

31、e exactly what it” .As I read on, it also said“ a person who does someth ing brave is good and noble .”mea nt. It reada p（That stateme nt imp ressed me more tha n the part about being brave. So I thought aboutsomethi ng very imp orta nt. Say I was walk ing into the local Wal- Mart Store and I happen

32、ed toopen and hold the door for some one as a courtesy. As they p assed me by, I said, “ How areyou today ?” Most of the time that would be no big deal, but this time lets say it was forsome one who was dee ply dep ressed and n ear the end of the rope. That may have very wellbee n the only kindn ess

33、 or courtesy show n to them in a very long time.“ the end of my rope after my marriage of twenty years ended, IHaving bee n n earwas in such a con diti on. I was with in hours trying to get up eno ugh courage to end the painand misery. Whe n I retur ned home, some one had sent me a card in the mail

34、which told mehow much they would app reciate me as a friend. That won derful card p robably saved my life.That person, without even knowing it_saved a life and became a hero.The many stories I kept writi ng in the follow ing years saved the life of a tee nage boy .Inturn that makes the person who se

35、nt me the card a double hero. I suppose that is why I fightso hard to help the childre n now livi ng in orphan ages （ 孤儿院）. Most childre n come out ofthese in stituti ons with a very hard and bitter attitude aga inst the world. Thegifts we sendthem let them know that they have not bee n forgotte n.

36、Hop efully, most of them will n everhurt anyone because of the kindn ess show n to them by those of us who cared. If it works, wea I”heroeswill also becomeGee, who would have ever thought that anyone can become a hero, and po ssibly save alife, just by being kind and courteous to others? The best pa

37、rt of all is that beco ming a hero isfree to all who wish to wear such an honor.18.Which of the follow ing would be the best title for this p assage?Why should you be a hero?What exactly is a hero?C.I am a heroEvery one is a hero19.The un derl ined wordat”courtesyin Paragra ph 4 mea ns the behaviour

38、 that isC.both po lite and resp ectfulboth brave and fearlessboth thoughtful and con siderateboth cute and kind20.C.The underlined word in the last sentence of Paragraph 5 refers tothe won derful card the writer received the action of sending the card the fact that the sen der saved the writerD. the

39、 fact that the sender was a true friend21. According to this passage, which of the following can be considered as thebehaviour of a hero?Holdi ng a door open for some one.Sending some one a won derful card.C.Keeping writi ng many stories for childre n.Being kind to some one who has a hard time.（2011

40、宁夏六校联考）There is a wide and dee p choice of a career. Whether hes a hand incon struct ion or sitti ng beh ind the desk working on a compu ter, every onehas some ideas of what is an attractive career. However, mak ing a careerchoice is not simply a matter of following a dream; for most people itmeans

41、a lot of research and soul searchi ng. Choos ing the right career becomes one of the mostimportant decisi ons of an in dividuals life.It used to be that one followed in the footste ps of their father or gran dfather or took over thefamily bus in ess whe n it came to mak ing a career choice. These da

42、ys, a career p ath can startany where and the n veer_off into someth ing totally differe nt.Career choices must be realistic and well thought out. It is not un com mon for persons to starta career p ath and realize they have made a terrible mistake, feeli ng as if it may be too late to turnaround. Not only does a career choice concern your st