[语言类考试复习资料大全]Geography

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全GeographyGeographySection Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are thre

2、e parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. l

3、f you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A For questions 1-5, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions with the information you ve heard. Write not more than 3 wo

4、rds in each blank. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. Each year, an average of _ people visit the Niagara Falls.答案:12 million解析 1-5 Niagara Falls are a major attraction for people everywhere. Each year, an average of 12 mil

5、lion people visit the site some call one of the world s natural wonders. There are two falls: the Canadian or Horseshoe Falls, and the American Falls. They are separated by Goat Island, on the American side of the border. The Horseshoe Falls are 54 meters high and extend for 675 meters in the horses

6、hoe shape that gives the Falls its name. The Horseshoe Falls are more impressive than the American falls. Some visitors find it curious that the falls are turned off in the early morning; at the time, most of the water is diverted to hydroelectric plants. The first European visited the falls toward

7、the end of the seventeenth century. The tourist industry began about 125 years later. And very quickly, Niagara Falls became a favorite site for honeymooning couples. A circus atmosphere soon followed that featured high-wire acts over the falls and other stunts. The one that is best known is the att

8、empt to go over the falls in a barrel, completed a number of times, sometimes successfully and sometimes not. Of course, there s more to Niagara Falls than stunts and tourism, it is worth remembering that the incredible drop in water level made the Falls an ideal place for hydro-electric development

9、. The first generating station opened in 1906. And it was partly because of the availability of inexpensive electric power that this region became one of the most industrialized regions in Canada. 2. There are two falls: the Canadian or Horseshoe Falls, and _ .答案:the American Falls3. Some visitors f

10、ind the Horseshoe Falls curious that the falls are _ in the early morning.答案:turned off4. Niagara Falls became a favorite site for _ .答案:honeymoon couples5. There s more to Niagara Falls than _ .答案:stunts and tourismPart B For questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions

11、with the information you ve heard. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions below. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. When will showers reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales?答案:During the night解析 6-10 Hello. It s been another warm and fine day for most

12、 of us. Temperatures in south-east England reached twenty-six degrees Centigrade by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had fifteen hours of lovely sunshine. But already the weather is beginning to change, I m afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west Eng

13、land and the southern coast of Wales by early morning. The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than fifteen degrees in the south, a little cooler eleven degrees or so in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly, to l

14、eave a mild, dry night there too. And now, the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will once again get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of thirty-four degrees along the Mediterran

15、ean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to thirty-two degrees Centigrade in Greece and south-east Italy, but further north the weather s not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain

16、 and maximum temperatures will be around twenty-two degrees. Very disappointing for this time of the year. Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool seventeen degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly d

17、ry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out temperatures could rise to a maximum of twenty-three degrees. 2. What will the minimum temperature be in the south during the night?答案:No lower than fifteen degrees3. On what day of the week do y0u think this weather forecast was given?答案:Thursda

18、y4. What will be the general feeling about the weekend in the Netherlands?答案:Be cloudy with occasional rain5. What part of England will be cloudy and dry over the weekend?答案:Most of EnglandPart C You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read th

19、e questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. After listening, you will have time to choose your answers. You will hear each piece only once. Questions 11-13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13. (如需获取本MP3听力

20、录音请搜索标题名) 1. Comets are like planets in that they _ .A.have moons of their ownB.can be seen at regular intervalsC.blaze across the skyD.orbit the sun答案:D解析 11-13 Until modern times, no one knew what comets were. They were feared as signs warning some sad events. The very word comet comes from the Gr

21、eek kometes, which means the long-haired one. The Greeks and Romans believed that comets were evil spirits with flowing beards. In the Middle Ages, the church declared that comets were sent by God to punish man. An astronomer of the Middle Ages said the comet of 1531 was the color of blood. An ugly

22、spirit with long hair rode at its head. It looked so terrible and produced such fear in the common people that some were frightened to death and others feel sick. These views prevailed until late into the 17th century, when the English astronomer Edmund Halley noticed a similarity in the paths of th

23、e comets of 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1683. Halley became certain that these comets were one and the same comet turning round and round the sun like a planet. He predicted that this comet would return about the end of 1758 or early in 1759, since it had been seen regularly every 75 or 76 years. Halley h

24、imself did not live long enough to see his comet return. But his prediction proved to be correct, for on March 12, 1759, a comet was seen blazing across the sky. This was the first time in history that a comet had been definitely expected. Since 1759, it has reappeared twice, once in 1835, and once

25、again in 1910. It will return in 1985 or 1986. The comet is named Halley s Comet, after the man who accurately predicted its appearance. 2. The Romans believed that comets were _ .A.stars shining brightly in the skyB.planes turning round and round the sunsC.evil spirits with long beardsD.signs predi

26、cting some cheerful events答案:C3. In the Middle Ages an astronomer described the comet of 1531 as _ .A.of red colorB.something sent by God to punish manC.an evil spirit that would bring illness to peopleD.riding on the back of a bloody colored horse答案:A Questions 14-16 are based on the following pass

27、age. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 4. The difference in time between zones is _ .A.seven daysB.twenty-four hoursC.one hourD.more than seven days答案:C解析 14-16 Strange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four time zones

28、, one hour apart. Yon can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days. If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you

29、 set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours. If yon travel by shop across the Pacific, you cross the international date line. By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change you

30、r calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday; traveling west, it is tomorrow. 5. From this selection it seems true that the Atlantic ocean _ .A.is in one time zoneB.is divided into twenty-four zonesC.is divided into five time zonesD.cannot be crossed in five

31、days答案:C6. The international date line is the name for _ .A.the beginning of any new time zoneB.any point where time changes by one hourC.the point where a new day beginsD.any time zone in the Pacific Ocean答案:C Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read quest

32、ions 17-20. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 7. How far is the earth away from the sun?A.93 million miles.B.193 million miles.C.930 million miles.D.93 billion miles.答案:A解析 17-20 Life on earth depends on the sun. Day after day we see its light and feel its warmth, but we do not often consider their origin. Yet t

33、here are many remarkable things about the sun. One is its distance from the earth. This is about ninety-three million miles. A journey of this distance, even if it could be made, would take several hundred years even in the fastest rocket. The sun makes us feel hot, even at a distance of ninety-thre

34、e million miles. This is not surprising. The temperature on the sun is about ten thousand degrees Fahrenheit. But we receive only a small part of this heat. The total heat of the sun could melt a column of ice two and a quarter miles thick and ninety-three million miles high in one second. The brigh

35、tness of the sun is equally astonishing. As we said earlier, we receive only a very small part of the sun s heat. We also receive only a very small part of its light. This is sufficient for the growth of trees and plants, and for the existence of living creatures on earth. Too much heat and light wo

36、uld destroy the balance of life. The heat and light from the sun come in just the right quantities for life on earth. 8. What is the temperature on the sun?A.Not clear.B.10,000 degrees Fahrenheit.C.10,000 degrees Centigrade.D.Over 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.答案:B9. Which of the following is true accord

37、ing to the passage?A.The sun s light comes from millions of candles.B.Most of the sun s heat and light are received on the earth.C.The temperature of the sun is the same as that of the earth.D.Without the correct balance of heat and light, life on the earth would not be possible.答案:D10. What does su

38、fficient mean?A.enoughB.goodC.muchD.adequate答案:ASection Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text, choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSEER SHEET 1. In 1971 there were about 3,700 million people in the world. If the population were 1 evenly over the earth

39、s surface there would be about 50 people to the square mile; but there are vast areas of desert and mountain and tropical forest 2 are uninhabited, 3 at the other 4 , in the great cities millions may live within a few square miles. 5 of the world s population is concentrated on only a small 6 of the

40、 earth s land surface, in the rich valleys and 7 plains, because people up to the present time have 8 to congregate in place where the climate and soil make it easy to grow food and obtain shelter. A 9 world population and the discoveries of science 10 this pattern of distribution in the future. As

41、men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in 11 the population of the world is steadily 12 . When numbers 13 , the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought 14 cultivation, or land already 15 , made to yield larger

42、 crops. In some areas the accessible land is largely so intensively cultivated 16 it will be difficult to make it 17 more food. in some areas the population is so dense that the land is divided into. units 18 tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. 19 a large part of this farming popu

43、lation drawn 20 into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods. 1.A.scatteredB.restrainedC.separatedD.resembled答案:A解析 此句意为“如果人口均匀散布于地球表面，每平方英里将有50人”。2.A.in whichB.whichC.whereD.in where答案:B解析 此句是定语从句，由关系词which引导。3.A.whenB.whileC.thoughD.as答案:B解析 前后两句之间

44、是对比关系。4.A.handB.placeC.extentD.extreme答案:D解析 此处是固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。5.A.ManyB.LittleC.MuchD.Few答案:C解析 修饰不可数名词，应用much。6.A.fractionB.portionC.districtD.fragment答案:A解析 此处意为“小部分”。7.A.abundantB.fertileC.plentyD.numerous答案:B解析 此处意为“肥沃的”。8.A.accustomedB.tendedC.movedD.turned答案:B解析 此处意为“倾向于，习惯于”。9.A.growingB.decr

45、easingC.increasingD.improving答案:A解析 此处意为“增长的人口”。10.A.divideB.alterC.differD.utter答案:B解析 此处意为“这一改变会改变未来这一分布格局”。11.A.resultB.consequenceC.effectD.sequence答案:B解析 in consequence：结果12.A.increasedB.increasingC.decreasedD.reducing答案:B解析 此句意为“世界人口正在稳步增长”。13.A.raiseB.arouseC.ariseD.rise答案:D解析 此处意为“当(人口)数目上升”

46、。14.A.beneathB.insideC.oppositeD.under答案:D解析 under cultivation：(对新土地)进行耕种。15.A.occupiedB.exhaustedC.farmedD.used up答案:C解析 famed意为“耕田，耕作”，与“被耕种过的土地生产更多的粮食”一句相吻合。16.A.whenB.thatC.whileD.what答案:B解析 此处为固定搭配。17.A.equipB.offerC.provideD.send答案:C解析 此处意为“供给，提供”。18.A.tooB.soC.veryD.such答案:A解析 此处为固定搭配。19.A.Wa

47、sB.WereC.OnlyD.If答案:B解析 虚拟条件句省略if，were提到句首。20.A.onB.outC.offD.up答案:C解析 此处意为“撤离”。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read all the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Passage 1 Humans are forever forgettin

48、g that they can t control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes. The people of quake-ravaged Kobe learned last week how wrong that assertion was. None of the metho

49、ds conceived two decades ago has yet to discover a uniform warning signal that preceded all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming tremor is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist at the California Institute

50、 of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason: Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists can t study them directly. If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes. Places like Japan and Californ

51、ia are riddled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults. Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in quake

52、-resistant structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged. In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. A recent report in science adds yet more anxiety ab

53、out life on the faulty lines. Researchers ran computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate-size tremor, taking into account that much of a quakes energy travels in a large pulse of focused shaking. The results: Both steel-frame buildings and buildings that sit o

54、n insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage. More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquakes will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quak

55、e-proofed. 1. From what the author said in Para. 1, it can be inferred that _ .A.scientists can never be able to predict the coming of earthquakesB.the existing power on predicting earthquakes is somewhat exaggeratedC.quite a lot of scientific assertions are groundlessD.earthquake predictions are be

56、yond the reach of scientists答案:B解析 从第一段最后一句可以看出。2. One of the chief difficulties in accurate earthquake warning is that _ .A.earthquakes may take place in anywhere possibleB.earthquakes may happen at any unexpected momentC.most earthquakes take place simultaneously and unexpectedlyD.the occurrence of earthquakes involves too many unforeseen factors答案:D解析 见文章第二段中间。3. What does the word precursor in the context in Para. 3 mean?A.A man that may come before th