william Blake威 布莱克[沐风书苑]

1、W i l l i a m B l a k e 威 廉威 廉 布 莱 克布 莱 克 (1757-1827) 1参考幻灯 Life Experience Literary Creations Literary Position 2参考幻灯 Life Experience 1779, a student at the Royal Academy 1783, his first c o l l e c t i o n o f poems Poetical Sketches was printed 1782, he married the illiterate Catherine and taught

2、 her to read, write and engrave 14-20 an apprentice to an engraver 21 a professional engraver He was educated at home until 10 Text in here a memorial of him was at the Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey 3 参考幻灯参考幻灯 v hallucination:幻觉 v eg. a tree full of angels从童年时代起，布莱克就充满了 丰富的想像力，并且时常经历幻想。他说他曾看见过缀满

3、 天使的大树，曾见到过安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先 贤，并给他们画过画像。他把自己所看到的一切用绘画和 诗歌表现出来。他的画大多是经过深思熟虑后的变形人体 或表现他幻觉中所见到的人物。 v 布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识。在当时人们的 眼中，它是个反理性主义者、梦幻家和神秘主义者，一个 远离尘世的人和偏执狂。他的作品没有受到重视。直到十 九、二十世纪之交，叶芝等人重编了他的诗集，人们才惊 讶于他的纯真与深刻。接着是他的书信和笔记的发表，他 的神启式的画也逐渐普及，于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位 才确立无疑。 4 参考幻灯参考幻灯 Blakes political views Blake w

4、as a rebel. Blake strongly criticized the capitalists cruel exploitation, saying that the dark satanic mills left men unemployed, killed children and forced prostitution. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution. 5参考幻灯 1. Poems Poetical Sketches 诗歌素描诗歌素描his first coll

5、ection of poems Songs of Innocence (1789)天真之歌天真之歌 Songs of Experience (1794)经验之歌经验之歌 Literary Creations 6参考幻灯 Poetical Sketches 12-20岁之间写作的诗。尝试写作莎士比亚 的无韵诗以及民谣形式的诗和抒情诗。有 对诗坛充斥的娇柔造作表示毫无偏见的叹 息，也有对统治地位的理性法则充满轻视， 还有赞同伊丽莎白时期清新的诗歌。 A collection of lyrical poems, which are highly musical. Blakes distinctive

6、 themes of love and jealousy, together with very early versions of some of his mythological figures, can be glimpsed in the delicately constructed songs. 7参考幻灯 Songs of Innocence In the introduction of Songs of Innocence, the poet compares himself to a laughing child upon a cloud. Songs of Innocence

7、 contains poems in which we can see pictures of merry nature and innocent children. Using a language which even little babies can learn by heart. 8参考幻灯 a laughing child upon a cloud 9参考幻灯 In the introduction of Songs of Experience, the poet becomes “the lapsed 流失的 Soul weeping in the evening dew”. I

8、n Songs of Experience Blake drew pictures of neediness and distress and showed the sufferings of the poor. 10参考幻灯 Some best-known poems 天真之歌和天真之歌和 经验之歌中最经验之歌中最 著名的一些诗篇著名的一些诗篇 The Little Black Boy 黑小孩 The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子 The Lamb 羊羔 TheTiger 老虎 Ah Sunflower! 啊，向日葵！ London伦敦 11参考幻灯 The Tiger 12

9、参考幻灯 Ah Sunflower！ Ah Sunflower, weary of time, Who countest the steps of the sun; Seeking after that sweet golden clime Where the travellers journey is done; Where the Youth pined away with desire, And the pale virgin shrouded in snow, Arise from their graves, and aspire Where my Sunflower wishes t

10、o go! 13参考幻灯 啊，向日葵啊，向日葵 啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦 整天数着太阳的脚步 它寻求甜蜜而金色的天边 倦旅的旅途在那儿结束； 那儿，少年因渴望而憔悴早殇， 苍白的处女盖着雪的尸布， 都从他们坟中起来向往 向着我的向日葵要去的国度。 （飞白译） 14参考幻灯 Auguries of Innocence To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour. 15参考幻灯 天真的

11、预示 一颗沙里看出一个世界， 一朵野花里一座天堂， 把无限放在你的手掌上， 永恒在一刹那里收藏。 梁宗岱 译 16参考幻灯 扫烟囱孩子（一）扫烟囱孩子（一） 选自天真之歌 （卞之琳译） 我母亲死的时候，我还小得很， 我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人， 我当时还不大喊得清“扫呀，扫，” 我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉。 有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头， 剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受， 我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋， 大起来煤屑就不会糟蹋你白头发。” 17参考幻灯 他就安安静静了，当天夜里， 托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇， 他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩 阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。 后来来了个天使，拿了把

12、金钥匙， 开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！） 他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪， 到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。 18参考幻灯 光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地， 他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏； “只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说， “上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。” 托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚， 我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。 大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖； 这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。 19参考幻灯 The Chimney Sweeper (II) A little black thing among the snow Crying weep, weep” in notes of woe

13、! “Where are thy father They clothed me in the clothes of death, And taught me to sing the notes of woe. “And because I am happy, many poems are obscure and can be interpreted only symbolically. 2. His lyric poetry displays the characteristics of the romantic spirit. (visual images, imagination) 3.

14、Natural sentiment怜悯之情 and individual originality of his poems. 28参考幻灯 4. 图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗 Most of his works were designed and produced as multimedia, combining verbal and visual modes of expression with innovative technological methods of engraving and printing”. - Stephen Marx 2. “Blake is considere

15、d not only a major English writer but an important figure in the history of art艺术史上的重要人物. 29参考幻灯 Pre-romanticism When did Pre-romanticism appear? in the latter half of the 18th century What are the main features of Pre- romanticism? 1) Romantic Revival; 2) Strong protest against the bondage of Class

16、icism 3) Claims of passion and emotion 4) Renewed interests in medieval literature 30参考幻灯 Pre-romanticism Who are the representatives? William Blake and Robert Burns Whats the significance? marked the decline of classicism paved the way for the coming of romanticism in England 31参考幻灯 Analysis of Lon

17、don Structure 1 Rhyme Scheme 2 paraphrase woe (mental or emotional) grief; 5. the mind-forgd manacles(由)精神（铸 造的）枷锁；manacles made by the mind III. Paraphrase 39参考幻灯 manacles枷锁 40参考幻灯 chimney-sweepers 41参考幻灯 6. the Chimney-sweeper In the 18th century small boys, sometimes no more than 4 or 5 years old

18、, were employed to climb up the narrow chimneys and clean inside, collecting the soot 烟灰in bags. Such boys, sometimes sold to the master sweepers by their parents owing to poverty, were miserably treated by their masters and often suffered disease and physical injuries. 42参考幻灯 churches 43参考幻灯 7. the

19、 Chimney-sweepers cry Cry=Weep哭泣哭泣implying sadness, sorrow and weeping tears of the boys Cry=“Sweep”大喊大喊“扫烟囱啰扫烟囱啰!” 8. blackening church:the churches turned black because of the burning of coals. Black implied that the clergymen are hypocritical and corrupted. 9. the church appals: the clergyman app

20、als at the cry of the boys (The clergyman hired the boys to collect the soot aroused the disgust of the poet Blake) 44参考幻灯 1710 1837 Buckingham Palace of various ages now 45 参考幻灯参考幻灯 vFive Senses of Human Beings vSense of hearing 听觉听觉 vSense of sight 视觉视觉 vSense of taste 味觉味觉 vSense of smelling 嗅觉嗅觉

21、 vSense of touch 触觉触觉 46 参考幻灯参考幻灯 v10. the hapless Soldier sigh the unlucky soldier who was wounded or even crippled in the war for defending the state / monarch but now is deserted by the country and has to beg for his living outside the palace since he cannot find any job as a disabled person. v11

22、. run in blood down the palace wall: the soldiers blood runs down the palace wall vSynesthesia is used in these two lines.通感,联觉 vthe mixture use of Sense of Hearing（eg. sigh) 听觉 and Sense of Sight(eg. blood)视觉 47 参考幻灯参考幻灯 12. “Palace walls: inside grand balls, luxurious banquets, etc. of the court 2

23、) past-participles used as adjectives. 3) Paradoxical combination Q.2. the linguistic features: 语言特征 1) short, simple words, e.g. every, cry, I hear, etc. 2) repetition, There are altogether 3 marks, 3 cries, 2 charterd, 6 every, 2 how, and 2 hears 3) past-participles used as adjectives. Questions f

24、or London 55参考幻灯 Q.3. its “anvil music” 打铁般的乐感打铁般的乐感 1) by repeating short simple words or phrases, 2) and by using regular stanza form and the rhyme scheme (a b a b) Assignment: Describe London in your own words and with your imagination, based on the information given in Blakes poem London. Questi

25、ons for London 56参考幻灯 现实主义诗人杜甫的诗现实主义诗人杜甫的诗 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。 荣枯咫尺异，惆怅难再述。 57参考幻灯 I Heard an Angel Singing I heard an Angel singing, When the day was springing: Mercy, Pity, Peace Is the worlds release. Thus he sang all day Over the new-mown hay, Till the sun went down, And haycocks looked brown. 58参考幻灯 I

26、 heard a devil curse Over the heath and the furze: Mercy could be no more If there was nobody poor, And Pity no more could be, If all were as happy as we. At his curse the sun went down, And the heavens gave a frown. Down pourd the heavy rain Over the new reapd grain; And Miserys increase Is Mercy,

27、Pity, Peace. 59参考幻灯 Analysis of the poem 1 paraphrase 2 theme 3 questions 4 rhyme scheme 破晓 singing, springing: alliteration 押头韵押头韵 L.4 release consolation / solace 安慰; Mercy, Pity, Peace is the consolation from God to the whole world. (People ask consolation from God) L4: pity, peace: alliteration押

28、头韵押头韵 L.6 the new-mown hay the new-cut hay; L.8 And haycocks looked brown 干草垛 在晚 霞的余辉中呈棕色; II. Paraphrase 62参考幻灯 haycocks furze heathland 63 参考幻灯参考幻灯 L.10 the heaththe heathland/the waste land; the furze金雀花丛金雀花丛(in Scotland); L.16 the heavens God; (metonymy 借代）借代） gave a frown皱起眉头皱起眉头,a sign of disp

29、leasure; Q: Why is god angry? 64参考幻灯 L.17-18 Rain: a symbol In Christian context often symbolizes Gods grace上帝的恩泽上帝的恩泽, but here, this heavy down-pour 倾盆大雨倾盆大雨 seems to be a punishment, for itll surely ruin the grain which has just been cut 刚刚收割刚刚收割 的庄稼的庄稼(should be put on the threshing ground打谷场）打谷场）; Down pourd the