必修二UNIT+1+Section+ⅢDiscovering+Useful+Structures

1、高中英语讲义Section Discovering Useful Structures限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用适当的关系词填空1（ 教材 P4）There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future 2（ 教材 P4）After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and

2、 citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959 3 （ 教材 P4）Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place wherethey were safe from the water 4 （ 教材 P8）Today, the caves are just as in

3、ternational as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road 定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非 限制性定语从句两种。1限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉， 主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词 在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有 who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有 where, whe

4、n, why 。 This is the computer （ that/which ） he bought for his son yesterday 这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。 The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amy s English teacher在地震中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise 我隔壁住着一对夫妇，他们的孩子经常吵闹。2非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只

5、是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如 果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从 句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除 that 和 why 不能引导非限制性定语好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英语讲义从句外，其他都可以。 He is English, which I know from his accent 他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth 我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。【即时演练 1】 用适当的关系词填空 Ho

6、lly, who is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese （2018 北京卷 ）She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit His parents wouldn t marry her to anyone whose family was poor 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较1形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。 Here is the man who has been punished by t

7、he boss 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。 （限制性定语从句 ） The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion 这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。（非限制性定语从句 ）2先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是 一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较： This is the best novel that I have ever read 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。 （限制性定语从句，先行词是 novel） The novel, which I read l

8、ast night, is very interesting 我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。（非限制性定语从句，先行词为 novel） The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited 那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。 （非限制性定语从句， which 指代前面整句话的内容 ） 3关系词的使用情况不同（1）that, why 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，指物时要用 which 代替 that, for which 代替 whyMost people didn t vote for him, which disapp

9、ointed him 大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。（2）关系代词替代情况不同好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英语讲义关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但在非限制性定语从句 中作宾语时不可用 who 代替。 This is the man ( whom/who/that ) we are talking about 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。 (限制性定语从句 ) The old woman has three

10、 sons, whom she is proud of 这位老妇人有三个引以为豪的儿子。 (非限制性定语从句 ) 在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用 that 引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行 词指人时，关系代词只能用 who 或 whom 。She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher 她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3) 关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均 不可省略。 This is a good film ( which/that ) I saw a few

11、days ago 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。 (限制性定语从句 ) The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。 (非限制性定语从句 )(4) 非限制性定语从句由“介词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which 或 whomSeven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of whom ( of whom four ) were badly injured 七人被困在星期五发生的大

12、火里，其中四人严重受伤。I have bought two pens, both of which write well 我买了两只钢笔，写起来都很好用。【即时演练 2】 完成句子她的姐姐明年将要出国，她教我们英语。Her sister, who_teaches_us_English,_will go abroad next year 这就是怀特先生，你等了很久的人。Here is Mr White, whom_you ve_been_waiting_for a long time 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。She has found the necklace (that)_she_los

13、t_two_weeks_ago 好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英语讲义 用适当的关系词填空 ， 必要时加介词1 The palace that/which was built three hundred years ago is now in bad condition 2 Have you seen the lady in the picture who/that has a pair of bright blue eyes?3 The man who/whom/that the headmaster is talking with is from Fudan University 4 Tai

14、Dong, where I was born and grew up, is a small city in southeastern Taiwan 5Jane liked the computer very much, whose price was more than 1 ，000 dollars 6 Mr Green said that Suzhou was the first city that he had visited in China 7 Lucy didn t tell him the reason why/for_which she left her hometown fo

15、r New York 8 Our father, a great doctor, saved a dying patient today, which made us proud 9 The big ship sank in the area where/in_which there were not many storms 10 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him 11 Mr Chen is now in a situation where/in_which he will have to leave

16、the company as soon as possible12 Our teacher, who teaches us geography, is very interested in music 语法与写作 （ 用关系词升级为定语从句 ）1We visited the astronaut The astronaut had stayed in space for ten daysWe_visited_the_astronaut_that/who_had_stayed_in_space_for_ten_days 2Rose and I lived in the same room We o

17、ften spent nights talking in the room Rose_and_I_lived_in_the_same_room_where_we_often_spent_nights_talking 3The lake wont disappoint you The lake has such wonderful scenery The_lake,_which_has_such_wonderful_scenery,_won t_disappoint_you 4The soldiers arrived at the farmhouse In front of the farmho

18、use sat a boy The_soldiers_arrived_at_the_farmhouse,_in_front_of_which_sat_a_boy 5Im grateful to Peter Peter s care helped me through my hard times I m_grateful_to_Peter,_whose_care_helped_me_through_my_hard_times 6The primary school has closed down I studied in the primary school for five years The

19、_primary_school,_where_I_studied_for_five_years,_has_closed_down 7His bedroom is very bright The bedroom s window faces south His_bedroom,_whose_window_faces_south,_is_very_bright 8The factory was set up by his uncle ten years ago We visited the factory last weekend The_factory,_which_we_visited_las

20、t_weekend,_was_set_up_by_his_uncle_ten_years_ago 9This is a photo of our friends We went on holiday with them This_is_a_photo_of_our_friends,_with_whom_we_went_on_holiday 10 It is helpful to have a few wise and reliable friends You can turn to them for advice 好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英语讲义It_is_helpful_to_have_a

21、_few_wise_and_reliable_friends,_whom_you_can_turn_to_for_advice 单句语法填空1 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited a few days ago 2 Some of the roads were flooded, which made our journey more difficult 3 Natural resources are things that/which are found in nature and can be used by hum

22、ans 4 The German Football Team left the World Cup halfway, which made its fans heartbroken 5There are two reasons why I ve decided to read one of his letterso tthe audience nationwide 6 As you know from what I said, my mother takes a healthy diet seriously 7 Sports, without which you may be weak, me

23、an a lot in life 8Tell us the day when you are coming, and well prepare your room 9 I bought a book which I think could help me with my grammar 10I m looking for a store where organic vegetables are sold 阅读理解Raccoons are smaller relatives of bears They are native to North America, but they can also

24、be found in Asia and Europe Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areasThere are about 7 different species of raccoons Pygmy raccoon is the only endangered speciesRaccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 5 26kg Raccoons that live in

25、 colder climates are larger and heavier They have grayish fur, black masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bands Because of their tails, they are also called “ ringtail ”Raccoons_are_omnivoresThey like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so onRac

26、coons hands look like human sThey each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cans Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it They have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even more By touching the food, they g

27、et better insight about things they will eat They are easily adaptable（ 适应的 ） to various environments They can live in hollow（ 中空的 ） trees equally happily like they can in useless cars Raccoons live on their own and hunt at night They don t hiberna冬te（眠 ）, but they spend the coldest days of winters

28、in their holes Mating（ 交配 ） season takes place from January to mid March Two months later, female will give birth to 34 babies Their tails dont have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missing Mother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英

29、语讲义become ready to leave the hole Raccoons usually can live only 1 8 to 31 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zoo Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home- raised animals and people, which is very dangerous What s more, their waste often has roundworms 解题导语 】 本文是一篇说

30、明文。文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。1 What do we learn about raccoons?A They love living near water B They are at risk of dying out C They love getting close to humans D They only live in areas far from urban areas A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的 Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water 以及第 三段的 Raccoons often place food

31、in water before they start to eat it 可推断 ，浣熊喜欢住在水边。2What does the author most probably mean by s aying “ Raccoons are omnivores”？AThey dont hibernateB They are very large animals CThey are sensitive to foods tastesD They feed on many different types of food D 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段的They like to eat insects,

32、 eggs, small mammals, fruit,berries, garbage, and so on 可推测 ，作者是想说明浣熊是杂食动物。3 What are raccoons good at?A Finding food in deep water B Using their feet to open food C Adapting to a new environment D Telling differences among smells C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的 They are easily adaptable（ 适应的 ） to various environ

33、ments 可知 ，浣熊很擅长在新的环境里生活。4 After reading the text, we can say that A raccoons like attacking humansB people consider raccoons very lovelyC raccoons and bears have a lot in commonDits better that humans keep away from raccoonsD 解析： 推理判断题。 根据末段 Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home-raise

34、d好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英语讲义animals and people, which is very dangerous What s more, their waste often has roundworms 可推测 ，人还是不要接触浣熊比较好。 七选五Self-love is sometimes considered as selfish 1 If you want to teach others to lovethemselves, you should help them build their self- esteem（自尊心 ） Here are some tips for y

35、ou Stress that they shouldnt feel guilty（ 惭愧的 ） about loving themselves Some people think that self- love is selfish If the person you reh elping is guilty about self-love, emphasize that there s nothing wrong with having a positive self- image Remind them that self- love is not the same as selfishn

36、ess Instead, describe it as being “ self-full ” 2 3 Have them write down their talents, their positive characteristics, and the hobbiesthey enjoy Examples might include gardening, having a great sense of humor, or being good at a sport If they have trouble coming up with positive traits, let them kn

37、ow whatyou admire aboutthemRemind them that they shouldn t compare themselves toE voethryeorsne has different abilities,qualities, and passions4 Tell them that they shouldnbad abto fuete tlhemselves becauseof someone else s talents or traitsEncourage them to help others In addition to teaching your

38、loved ones to develop a positive attitude, suggest that they help others whenever possible Helping loved ones is a concrete way of avoiding low self- esteem 5 They could also volunteer for their favorite things, such asfor the animal shelter and soup kitchen A This means loving and caring for themse

39、lves B Tell them to make a list of their positive qualities CExplain that self- esteem shouldn t be based on others opinions D However, its an important but often overlooked part of mental health E For example, they could help their friends study or help with household projects F Spending too much t

40、ime on social media can also lead to unhealthy comparisons G Therefore, you should tell your loved ones to accept their strengths and weaknesses 【 解题导语 】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何教别人要爱自己 ， 建立自己的自尊心。1 D 解析：此空设于段中 ，与上文之间存在逻辑上的转折关系。自爱有时候被认为是自私的。但是 ，它却是心理健康中很重要却容易被忽视的一部分。2A 解析：此空设于段末 ，与上文之间存在逻辑上的解释关系。此空是对 “sel

41、f-full ”好好努力 梦想终会实现高中英语讲义的解释说明。3 B 解析：此空设于段首 ， 是本段的主旨句。后面提到的内容都是围绕要让他们列出 他们积极的品质展开的。4 G 解析：此空设于段中 ，与上文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。每个人都有不同的能 力、品格和激情。因此 ， 你应该告诉他们要敢于接受自己的优点和缺点。5 E 解析：此空设于段中 ， 与上文之间存在逻辑上的解释关系。此空是在举例说明帮 助他人的方式。 语法填空Do you know polar bears well? In this article, we will discuss some 1 (amaze)facts abou

42、t polar bearsBlack skin and white fur Interestingly, polar bears usually have black skin which2(cover) with fur When you see the bear white, it is because 3(it)fur is a hollow transparent tube( 中空透明管 ) that only 4 (reflect) light This featuregives polar bears great advantage in their environment especially when they are hunting Polar bears live in cold 5 (place