新视野第二册unit one section A

1、Unit 1 Section A Time Conscious AmericanNew Words1. budget v. n. adj vt. plan the spending of (time, money, etc.)eg. 1) Hans limited himself to a daily budget of 10. 2) budget funds for education vi. save or spend money (for a particular purpose) ph: budget (sth) for (sth) 为编预算；为作安排 eg. 1) He budget

2、ed for a new car. 2) The government has budgeted for education spending. n. 预算，预算拨款 eg. introduce/ open a budget for national defense 提出国防预算 ph. on a (tight) budget: having only a small amount of money 精打细算，花钱不多eg. A family on a budget cant afford meat every day. adj. cheap, inexpensive 2. acute adj

3、. adj. (1) (of feelings or the senses) fine; sharp 深刻的，尖锐的,敏锐的eg: 1）acute pain 剧痛2) Dogs have an acute sense of smell. 3) Helens insight is acute. (2) severe; very great 严重的 eg: There was an acute water shortage in that area. Ex: acutely ad. 深刻地，敏感地，尖锐地，严重地 acuteness n. 深刻，敏感，尖锐，严重 (同)敏感的：acute, sen

4、sitive, keen 严重的: acute, severe, serious (反)迟钝的：dull; 肤浅的：shallow; 轻微的：slight 3. replace vt. vt. 1) put sth back in its place 把放回原处 eg: Please replace the dictionary on the shelf. 2) take the place of (sb/sth) 代替，取代 ph: replace (sb./sth) with (sb./sth) eg. Emails are replacing the traditional letter

5、s.Ex: replacement n. 代替，代替的人(同) substitute, take the place of eg. I have to _ the broken window with a new one. A take the place of B get rid of C discard D replace 4. assess vt. vt. judge or decide the amount, value, quality or importance of 估价，评价 eg: 1) Its too early to assess the effects of the n

6、ew law. 2) They sent someone to assess the value of the house. ph: assess sth. at（+钱数）评估某物的价值为 eg. The value of the property has been assessed _ 2,000 pounds. A for B in C at D under Ex: assessable adj. 可评估的，可征税的； assessment n. 估价，评价 assessor n. 评估财产的人，确定税款的人 （同） estimate, evaluate 5. conduct vt. n.

7、vt. (1) carry out, direct, manage 进行,指导,管理,经营 eg: 1) I decided to conduct an experiment. 做试验 2) Li Jiacheng conducted his business carefully. 李嘉诚把事业竟用的很成功。 3) He conducted me around the museum. 4) conduct a meeting 主持会议(2) act as a pass for (electricity, heat, etc) 传热，导电 eg. Copper conducts electric

8、ity.(3) ph: conduct oneself 举止，行为n. persons behavior 行为，品行 eg; She always got the good conduct prize. 她总是获得优秀品行奖。 Ex: conductance n. 传导力，电导率 conductibility n. 传导性 conduction n. 传导 conductor n. 指导者，指挥，售票员，导体 conductible adj. 可传导的； conductive adj. 传导性的，由传导力的 Com. conduct, direct, guide, lead 6. compet

9、ent adj. adj. (of people) having the necessary ability, skill, knowledge, etc.能干的，胜任的eg: 1) Is Miss Green competent as a teacher? 2) He is competent to judge.ph: be competent as/at/in /for sth. = be competent to do sth. 有能力做 eg. He is competent for the task.Ex: competence n. 能力，胜任 (同) competent, abl

10、e, capable, qualified(反) incompetent，unable, incapable, unqualified 7. fulfill vt. vt. (1) perform sth. or being sth. to a completion 履行，执行，完成eg: 1) They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours. 2) If you make a promise you should fulfill it.(2) satisfy (sth); answer 满足，与相符 eg. This paper

11、will fulfill the requirements for your MA.Ex: fulfilled adj. 满足的 Fulfillment n. 履行，执行，完成，满足(同) accomplish, carry out, implement, executeTextPara11. stand:*For this sense, stand is followed by adjectives or adjective-like phrases. The room stands idle. 这房间闲置着。They stood ready to move at short notice.

12、 他们已准备好, 接到通知随时可搬。 Stand firm - dont let them tell you what to do. 要坚定, 不要让他们对你指手画脚。They stand opposed to the new law. 他们反对这项新法律。*In the above sentences, stand is used as a linking verb.2. fall behind: 1) become bit by bit further behind fall behind in science 在科学方面落后 fall behind ones competitors 落后

13、于竞争对手 The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall behind. 2) (with) fail to produce sth. at the proper timefall behind with the rent 拖欠房租Im falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up. *Notice that for this sense, the preposition with is used with the verb phrase.3. result

14、 in: have as a result; cause Acting before thinking always results in failing. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。The accident resulted in the death of two people * result from: be caused byNothing has resulted from his efforts. 他的努力终成泡影。The childs illness resulted from eating unclean food. 他那孩子的病是由于吃了不洁净的食物。4. adverbial

15、 clause: “the other being labor”. subject + -ing(or:-ed)verb. *This type of clause can also be put at the beginning of the whole sentence.No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end.Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting room.*This type of clause can be rewritte

16、n by adding the preposition “with”:Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, with the other being labor.With lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting room.Para 21. slave to sth.: a person who is completely influenced or dominated by sth. a slave to drink 酒鬼 a slave

17、 to money 金钱的奴隶2. nothing but: only Hes nothing but a criminal. 他只不过是个罪犯。 The report contains nothing but lies. 这报道满篇都是谎言。3. account for : 1) give a satisfactory explanation about (how sth. is used) Jenny had to account to her husband for every penny she spent. The man charged with the crime couldnt

18、 account for the fact that the money was found in his house. 被告无法解释钱是在他家里找到的这个事实。2) be the cause or origin of North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion (部分) of our trade earnings. 北海石油占我国贸易收入的很大一部分。4. charge for: ask (an amount of money) as a priceHow much do you charge for washing a car? We char

19、ge 200 dollars for a single room one night. 5. run out of: 1) (of liquid or sth. like liquid) flow out of Many rivers run out of the Himalayas. 许多河流发源于喜马拉雅山脉。 2) use all ones supplies, have no more Im afraid weve run out of gas. Im running out of patience. 6. replace: vt. 1) put sth. back where it w

20、as before Replace the caps on the bottles. 把瓶子盖盖好。 Replace the book on the shelf. 把书放回到书架上。2) take the place of George has replaced Edward as the personnel manager.3) change (some person or object) for another, often better, newer, etc.Well have to replace those old computers with new ones.Para 31.

21、in a rush: in a hurry2. under pressure3. race through: do sth. in a hurry 4. abrupt: a. 1) (of behavior) rough an abrupt attitude 无礼的态度 When I asked her about her new job, she was quite abrupt with me. 2) sudden and unexpected The meeting came to an abrupt end. 会谈突然结束。 an abrupt change of policy 突然改

22、变政策an abrupt drop in oil prices 油价突降5. take personally Para 41. go with: exist or take place at the same time, be found together Happiness does not go as an automatic result with money. Responsibility goes with becoming a father. 当了父亲责任就随之而来2. convention: n. 1) customary practiceConvention now allow

23、s women to smoke in public. It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions.2) meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc.Conventions are usually held in large cities, which have good transportation systems and interesting sights to see. 会议通常在大城市里举行，那里有完善的交通和观光的地方。Hotels

24、 try to attract conventions because they bring a lot of business. 3. n. + ly =adj. friendly, leisurely, motherly4. much/still less: and even less likelyThe old man can hardly walk, much less run.She wouldnt take a drink, still less stay for dinner. Para 51. given/given that: prep. taking into accoun

25、t Given their inexperience/ Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.*Notice that given is followed by a noun phrase, while given that is followed by a finite clause.2. save for: keep sth. for future use, not use up sth.Save your strength for hard work youll have to do later.Can you save your story for later? 你能不能把你的故事留在以后告诉我?Pa