福特汽车公司整车设计部门NVH（噪声）知识培训教材

1、1.1 nvh overview nvh 概论 ford motor company vehicle attributes engineering 福特汽车公司整车设计部门 vehicle nvh awareness j.juan/m.haffey 1 what is nvh? 什么是nvh呢？ noise-what the customer hears 噪声- 指的是顾客所能听到的声音 sound mainly in the 20hz10000hz frequency range. 声音的频率大体上在20赫兹到10000赫兹之间。 characterized by frequency,lev

2、el and quality. 通过频率、级别和音质来描述。 vibration-what the customer fells and sees. 振动-指的是顾客所感觉到的和看到的。 motion sensed by the body mainly in the 0.5hz50hz frequency range. 身体所能感知运动的频率范围通常在0.5赫兹到50赫兹之间。 characterized by frequency,level and direction. 通过频率、振幅和方向来描述。 harshness-combined effects of noise and vibrat

3、ion 不舒适性-指的是噪声和振动的综合影响。 rough,grating or discordant sensations. 粗野的，刺耳的或不和谐的感觉。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 2 nvh must fulfill legal requirements. nvh必须满足法定的要求。 nvh should provide the acoustical/tactile feedback for safe and confident driving. nvh应该使乘员在驾驶方面有安全和自信的感觉。 link to operating con

4、ditions. 在各种操作环境。 connection to earth. 在各种路面。 nvh should avoid any negative perception. nvh应该避免任何不好的感觉。 unpleasant ,unrefined ,unexpected ,and annoying events. 令人不愉快的，粗俗的，意料之外的和令人讨厌的事情。 nvh can exceed customer expectations. nvh应该能超过顾客的期望值。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 3 nvh objectives nvh的

5、目标 nvh link to customer satisfaction nvh反映了消费者满意的程度 tgrpress review(examples) tgr媒体评论（例如） “fiesta has a surprisingly quiet & well refined engine” “ fiesta有一台令人惊讶的安静而且舒适的发动机” “f150 ride is smooth quiet with the 4.6 l” “f150乘坐舒适安静的4.6升发动机汽车” tgrthings gone wrong 20%30% of tgw is nvh related. tgr所抱怨的事情

6、 20%30%抱怨的产生都是与nvh有关系的。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 4 nvh related other vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 5 nvh links to company profit nvh关系着公司的利益 1529% of warranty cost has noise as a condition code. 1529%的保修的费用是花费在与噪声有关的。 1994 model year,36mis,warranty cost associated with all noi

7、se was $346 million 18% of total warranty. 94年型车，3年的在用车，在噪声方面的保修费用 是3.46亿美元占总费用的18%。 noise associated warranty other warranty vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 6 nvh links to company profit nvh关系着公司的利益 nvh prototype cost reduction opportunity. combined cost breakdown prototype cost contribution

8、 综合成本明细综合成本明细 样机花费的组成样机花费的组成 (tase+safety+nvh) （tase+安全设备安全设备+nvh） 41% 25% 16% 9% 2% 7% prototypes labor test cpu proto/matl other 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% %total attribute cost safetytasenvh attributes total cost=$303m (base on tase,safety,nvh cost of attribute studies 总支出=3.03亿美元 （基于tase，安全，

9、nvh的研究费用） vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 7 sound generation mechanism 产生噪声的原理 multiple mechanisms generate a variability of vehicle sound. 汽车所产生噪声的原理是多种多样的。 combustion airflow,pumping 燃烧 气流，进排气 impacts between components airflow,turbulences 零件之间的撞击 气流，(液体或气体的)紊乱 friction contact of component

10、s surface roughness 构件之间的摩擦 粗糙的表面 rotating parts unbalance masses 旋转的部件 不平衡块 flow in pipes tire force variation 在管中的流动 轮胎压力的变化 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 8 vehicle sounds 汽车的噪声 combustion noise wind noise gear rattle bearing knock 燃烧的噪声 风的噪声 齿轮传动的声音 轴承的敲击声 diesel knocking sunroof noise g

11、ear whine electric windows 柴油机的敲击声 遮阳顶棚的噪声 齿轮的声音 电动窗的噪声 valve train door slam gear lever tizz tire noise 气阀机构的噪声 门的砰的声音 变速杆换档的噪声 轮胎的噪声 fead noise central locking driveline clonk exhaust noise fead噪声 中央门锁的噪声 动力传动系统的噪声 排气噪声 pas noise switch noise driveline thrash squeaks and rattles 动力转向系统的声音 开关的噪声 动力

12、传动系统的噪声 吱吱声和喀嚓声 fuel pump noise indicator ticking road noise water splash noise 燃油泵的噪声 指示器的滴答声 道路的噪声 水溅的噪声 alternator whine windscreen wipe noise impact harshness intake noise 交流发电机的噪声 挡风玻璃的噪声 撞击振动声 通风口的噪声 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 9 nvh phenomena nvh现象 operating condition 操作环境 descript

13、ion 描述 source 资源 pass-by deceleration cruise acceleration idle staring boom rumble growl whine rattle squeal hiss engine transmission exhaust/intake road wind tire vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 10 vehicle noise examples 汽车的噪声举例 wind noise(80 mph hst)-1/12th octave spectrum. 风的噪声（80英里每小时的高速试

14、验）1/12倍频程 分贝 频率 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 11 vehicle noise examples 汽车噪声举例 road noise(40mph rough rd.)-narrow spectrum. 道路噪声（40英里每小时在粗糙路面之上）-窄频。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 12 vehicle noise examples 汽车噪声举例 power noise(wot)-loudness&speech intelligibility. 动力系统噪声（wot）-响度以及说话的清

15、晰度 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 13 subjective impression 主观感受 created by the brain based on: 建立在头脑感觉的基础之上： database,data analysis “this sounds like an engine” 资料库，数据分析 “这种噪声如同一台发动机” experience “i have head a variety of engines” 经验 “我听到了发动机的声音” bias “has never built good engines” 偏见 “从来没有生产

16、过好的发动机” company uses vers to produce consistent ratings. 公司用定额指标的方法生产产品。 engineering rating index 工程额定指标 evaluation of attribute performance 品质性能评价 customer satisfaction(for this attribute) 消费者的满意度（对于品质方面） improvement desired by 渴望得到改进的人 3 not acceptable 不能接受的 very dissatisfied 很不满意 all customers 所有

17、的消费者 6 acceptable 可以接受的 fairly well satisfied 还算感到满意 critical customers 爱挑剔的顾客 10 excellent 优秀 completely satisfied 完全满意 not perceptible 很少的顾客 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 14 subjective/objective correlation 主观与客观的相互关系 objective measure is required for target setting/cascading. 客观的方法需要满足目标

18、的设置和层次。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 15 road nvh target cascade 道路nvh目标层次 road nvh(1) body acoustic & vibration sensitivities(4) airborne noise(3) structure borne nvh(2) suspension force input in body(5) point mobiles(8) body modes(9) body structure(10) panel damping & noise isolation(11)

19、seat vibration transmissibility(12) seat modes(13) sleeping column vib sensitivity (14) power train modes(15) body/frame/sub frame force transmissibility(16) suspension force transmissibility(19) body/frame/sub frame mounts(17) frame/sub frame modes(18) suspension mounts(20) suspension friction/stic

20、ktion(21) shock damping(22) suspension geometry(23) road/tire contact force(26) tire properties(27) tire pressure(28) tire size/aspect ratio(29) tire modes(30) wheel modes(31) strut modes(30) imbalance force(32) sound package noise reduction(6) tire radiated noise(7) barrier transmission loss(33) ab

21、sorption(42) carpet(43) seat material(44) headliner(45) wheelhouse(38) floor(39) side panel(40) glass(41) lockage (34) area of holes (pass- through) (35) wheel modes(36) vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 16 road nvh design guidelines 道路nvh设计指导 reduce body noise transfer functions(0.01pa/n) 减少车身

22、传递的噪声( 0.01pa/n )。 design interior cavity nodal point at passengers head position. 在乘客头的位置设计通风口。 reduce suspension force input to body. 减少输入车体的中止力量。 increase seat isolation above 6 hz(transmissibility0.5mm/s/n). 增大座椅在 6 赫兹以上的隔绝.(能传递5:1). 增加车身附件刚性/衬套刚性比(5:1)。 assure good modal separation. 保证好的模态分离。 -

23、separate major body modes and acoustic cavities. 分离主要的车体模态和有声音的。 -separate body modes from suspension modes. 分离车体模式中的悬挂部分。 -separate wheel modes from tire modes. 把车轮和车胎分离开来。 reduce tire/wheel unbalance and tire radiated noise. 减少车胎/轮不平衡性和车胎的辐射噪声。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 17 vehicle att

24、ributes compatibility 车辆的兼容特性 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 18 course expected outcomes 课程预期的结果 understanding and appreciation of each major systems influence on nvh. 理解和正确评价各个主要系统对nvh的影响。 understanding of design concept and guidelines for nvh and their trade- offs with other vehicle attrib

25、utes. 理解nvh的设计观念和指导方法以及其和车辆其它属性的协调。 understanding of engineering best practices and appropriate nvh tools/methods. 理解工程中最好的常用的和适当的nvh设备/方法。 recognizing company expects and contact person for future assistance. 理解公司的期望和认识以后有帮助的人。 vehicle nvh awareness 1.1 nvh overview 19 nvh departments nvh部门 department 部门 manager 管理人员 profs 教授 vehicle nvh 车辆nvh tom lahvictlahvic system nvh 系统nvh ron quagliarquaglia vehicle nvh europe 车辆欧洲nvh karl-heinz burgerk