英语阅读参考

1、阅读 全书共80篇阅读，根据去年老师所提出的思想，太长的、太难的、可以不做为重点本人把大部分的阅读收录进来了，希望考生能灵活运用有道词典，进行翻译，查词！这样也节省了不少的时间和精力！ 前几年基本是考的原题，没有底子的同学，直接看问题和答案直接选正确的就行了！不行就拿我那小抄，好好参透一下吧！注：文章有点地方或问题有点出入请注意下14页 it is commonly believed in the united states that school is where people go to get an education. nevertheless, it has been said th

2、at today children interrupt their education to go to school. the difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. education is much more openended and allinclusive than schooling. education knows not limits. it can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the j

3、ob, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. it includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of information learning. the agent (doer) of education can vary from respected grandparent to the people arguing about politics on the radio, from a child to a famous sci

4、entist. whereas schooling has a certain predictability (可预料性), education quite often produces surprises. a chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions (宗教). people receive education from infancy (婴幼儿) on. education, then, is a very broad,

5、inclusive term. it is a lifelong process (过程), a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be a necessary part of ones entire life.schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. through

6、out a country, children arrive at school at about the same time, take the assigned (指定的) seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. the pieces of reality that are to learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of governmen

7、t, have been limited by the subjects being taught, for example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their sociery or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. there are clear and undoubtful conditions surround

8、ing the formalized process of schooling.1the passage is organized by _.这篇文章有条理的告诉dalisting and discussing several educational problemsbtelling a story about excellent teacherscgiving examples of different schoolsdtelling the difference between the meanings of two related words 两个相关的词的含义的差别2what does

9、 the writer mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” in paragraph 1?在第一段里，那句是作者用于表达孩子们上学打断了他们受教育aall of life is an education.所有的生活是一种教育blearning takes place everywhere.ceducation is totally ruined by schooling.dschooling prevents people from discovering new t

10、hingswhich of the following statements does the passagesupport.下面哪个陈述并通过支持。c.going to school is only part of how people become educated.去学校仅有一部分教人怎么受教育.4the phrase “for example”, in paragraph 3, introduces a sentence _.词组“for example”在第3段，介绍了一个句子athat shows the unknown workings of governmentbthat br

11、ings about the bad results of schoolingcthat helps to find out some similar textbooksdthat gives examples of the limits of classroom subjects 给出了些例子范围是课堂主题5. what is the main idea of this passage?什么是这篇文章的主要内容吗?athe more years students go to school the better their education is.beducation and schooli

12、ng are quite different experiences.教育和学校教育是有着相当不同的经验。cthe best schools teach a variety of subjects.dstudents benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.大概译文: 人们普遍认为美国学校是人们受教育的地方。然而,也有一种说法,认为今天的孩子们上学打断了他们受教育。区别此观点暗示了学校和教育是很重要的。教育更具openended和allinclusive比受过良好的教育。 教育不知道的极限。它可以发生在任何地方,无

13、论是在淋浴时还是在工作时,无论是在厨房或拖拉机上。它既包括发生的正规教育,在学校和整个宇宙的信息的学习。受托人(实干家教育部调节从受人尊敬的祖父母的人争论政治广播,从孩童到著名的科学家。尽管学校教育有一定的可预见性(可预料性),教育往往能带来意外的发现。与陌生人偶然的一次谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其宗教所知甚少(宗教)。受教育的人从婴儿(婴幼儿)。因此,教育是一个非常丰富的词。教育是一个终生的过程(过程),这个过程的开始,在很久很久以前,开始上课,应是一个必要的那部分的人生。从另一方面来说,学校教育是一种特定的,正式的过程,一般模式的预设的一点一滴变化到下一个。在全国,孩子们到学校大约在同时,

14、以指定(指定的)位置,接受一个成人的教学,使用相同的教材,做作业,考试等等。现实的碎片的,无论他们是后天学习学习字母还是了解政府的运作,是很有限的对象被教导,例如,高中生们知道,他们不可能发现他们的班的政治问题的真相sociery或他们的最新电影制片人在做哪些尝试。有明显和undoubtful条件的过程学校正式教育。16页 教育 education is not an end, but a means to an end. in other words, we do not educate children only for educating them. our purpose is to

15、fit them for life.in some modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that free education for all can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. but we can already see that free education for all is not enough. we find in such countries a far larger number of

16、people with university degrees refusing to do what they think is low work, and, in fact, working with ones hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. but we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of

17、a professor, we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. if no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our townsin fact,when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life,it means that we must be educated in

18、such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brais and ability and,secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of ones work. only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.大概译文: 在一些现代的国家,它

19、一直流行的看法,对所有人实行义务教育可以解决社会问题,建立了完善的nation.但是,我们已经看到,对所有人实行义务教育是不够的。我们发现,在这些国家的人的数量大得多,大学程度拒绝做那些他们认为是低贱的工作,而事实上,用的是用被认为是在这样的肮脏、丢脸的countries.但我们也只能想一下了解一个完全没有受过教育的农民的工作远比那个更重要的教授,我们生活中可以没有教育,但我们没有食物我们便会饿死。如果没有人清扫街道,没有人把屋子里的垃圾弄走,我们就会得可怕的疾病在城镇里,事实上,当我们说所有的人都必须接受教育,以适应我们生命,它意味着我们必须以这样的方式接受教育:第一,每个人都可以做任何工作

20、适合他的brais和能力;第二,我们应该意识到所有的工作都是社会的必要组成,是很不感到羞耻的工作。只有这样的教育才能被认为是对社会有益的教育。17页 teaching involves more than leadership. some of the teachers time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. but it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an efficient organizational structure an

21、d good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. a group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. the leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive

22、learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. on the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. but there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the

23、group, no feeling of belonging. if teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages cooperation. standards and rules must be established that maintain order, ensure justice, and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy.

24、what happens when one student hurts anothers individual rights? without clear guidelines mutually agreeable to students, teachers, and administration, the classroom can become chaotic. students may break rules they did not know existed. if standards are set without input from the class, students may

25、 spend a great deal of creative energy in ruining the class environment, finding ways to break rulesno matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and establishing a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. regular maintenance is necessary. conflicts arise. the needs of individual

26、 members change. a new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. sometime outside pressure such as holidays, upcoming tests or athletic contests, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. one task for the teacher is to restore a positive environment by helping students c

27、ope with conflict, change, and stress.1. this article is written mainly for the purpose of 写这篇文章的是主要为目的a. providing information for teachingb. studying the teachers behavior in the classroomc. comparing the teachers behaviors with studentsd. teaching and organizing a class2. the teacher, to some ext

28、ent, is a leader because 老师,在某种程度上是一个领导者原因a. he is responsible for a well-organized class and a good learning environmentb. he deals with students in the same way as a leader deals with peoplec. he should develop harmony among studentsd. he has to maintain order and give instruction and evaluation3.

29、 the teacher should do more than teach. it is his responsibility to _教师应做超过教。这是他的责任a. create an organizational structure and a positive learning structureb. establish standards and rules students should followc. help students deal with conflict, change, and stressd. all of the above4. the following

30、statements are true of the standards and rules to be establishedexcept 以下内容真实标准和规则的规定除了a. the standards and rules should maintain orderb. the standards and rules should not violate school policyc. the standards and rules are accepted only by the teachers andd. the standards and rules should ensure j

31、ustice and protect students individual rights5. which of the following is not true? 下列各项哪个是不真实的a. if the teacher well unites his students and creates a positive atmosphere, he then will complete his task.b. if guidelines are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess.c

32、. outside pressures may cause stress among students.d. students need the teacher just as sheep need a shepherd.大概译文: 教学方式超过领导。一些老师的时间和精力的研究是为了指导,一些对评估。但这是领导一个团队的老师创造了一种有效的组织结构和良好的工作环境,使教学和评估活动是可以实现的。一个组织,该组织是完全杂乱无章,不清楚它的目标,或者其成员国不断战斗就不是一个好学习小组。领导模式包括帮助形成和维持一个积极的学习环境,使教学和评估活动是可以实现的。 上课的第一天,教师面临的一个房间里

33、充满了个人。也许有一些紧密团结组织和友谊已经存在。但是,没有任何意义,团队统一规范的行为在集团公司、没有感情归属。如果老师都成功的领导者,他们将帮助学生建立一个系统的关系中,鼓励合作。准则、规则,必须建立维持秩序,保证正义,保护个人权利,但不要学校政策相抵触。一个学生伤害时,会发生什么事别人的个人的权利吗?没有明确规定,双方都同意学生、教师、管理、教室可成为乱糟糟的。学生可以破例他们不知道的分歧。如果标准的输入,课堂中,学生可能会花相当多的有创造性的精力在破坏了环境一流、寻找一种方法来打破规则 无论纯熟老师团结学生和建立一个积极的氛围,任务是不完整的。定期维护是必要的。间发生冲突。个体党员的需

34、要改变。一种新的学习任务,需要一个新的组织结构。有时外界的压力像休假,即将来临的测试或体育比赛中,或家庭问题造成的压力在教室里。老师一项任务就是要恢复一个积极的环境,帮助学生应对冲突,改变,和压力。18页（公共英语3级） life learning (sometimes called un-schooling or self-directed learning) is one of those concepts that are almost easier to explain by saying what it isnt, than what it is. and thats probabl

35、y because our own schooled backgrounds have convinced us that learning happens only in a dedicated building on certain days, between certain hours, and managed by a specially trained professional.with in that schooling framework, no matter how hard teachers try and no matter how good their textbooks

36、, many bright students get bored, many slower students struggle and give up or lose their self-respect, and most of them reach the end of the process unprepared to enter into society. they have memorized a certain body of knowledge long enough to rush back the information on tests, but they havent r

37、eally learnt much, at least of the official curriculum.life learners, on the other hand, know that learning is not difficult, that people learn things quite easily if theyre not compelled and forced, if they see a need to learn something, and if they are trusted and respected enough to learn it on t

38、heir own timetable, at their own speed, in their own way. they know that learning cannot be produced in us and that we cannot produce it in othersno matter what age and no matter whether were at school or at home.life learning is independent of time, location or the presence of teacher. it does not

39、require mom or dad to teach, or kids to work in workbooks at the kitchen table from 9 to noon from september to june. life learning is learner-driven. it involves living and learning in and from the real world. it is about exploring, questioning, experimenting, making messes, taking risks without fe

40、ar of making mistakes, being laughed at and trying again.furthermore, life learning is about trusting kids to learn what they need to know and about helping them to learn and grow in their own ways. it is about providing positive experiences that enable children to understand the world and their cul

41、ture and to interact with it.51.it is implied in the text that it is hard to _.也就是意味着本文,很难a.carry life learning thoughb.tell the nature of life learningc.learn without going to schoold.find a specially trained teacher52.according to the author, the schooling framework often _.根据作者的观点,学制架构经常a.produce

42、s slow students with poor memoriesb.ignores some parts of the official curriculumc.fails to provide enough knowledge about lifed.gives little care to the quality of teaching materials53.life learners recognize that learning will not be difficult if they are _.生活的思考模式帮助学习者认识学习将不会是比较困难的a.clear about w

43、hy to learnb.careful to make a time tablec.able to respect other peopled.cautious about any mistakes54.according to the author, life learning _. 根据作者,生活学习a.could prevent one from running risksb.could be a road full of trials and errorsc.makes a kid independent of his parentsd.teaches a kid how to av

44、oid being scorned55.through life learning, children _. 度过你的一生,学习,孩子们a.will grow without the assistance from parentsb.will learn to communicate with the real worldc.will be driven to learn necessary life knowledged.will be isolated from the negative side of society生活学习(有时叫做un-schooling或自主学习是其中之一的概念,几

45、乎是更容易地解释说它不是,它是什么。和大概是因为我们自己的训练背景如何都使我们确信学习事只会在一个专门的建筑上几天,可以限定小时,由一受过专门训练的专业。在,教育框架,无论如何努力,不论多教师们尝试好他们的教材,许多聪明的学生厌倦,许多较慢的学生斗争和丧失他们的自尊心,他们中的大多数人到达终点的过程还没有准备好去进入社会。他们背了一定的知识体的时间还不够久,仓促复出考试的信息,但他们没有真的学到了很多,至少官方的课程。生活学习者,另一方面,知道,学习没有困难,人学习东西都很容易如果他们不是强迫并迫使时,如果他们看见需要学到一些东西,如果他们是信任和尊重,有足够的时间学习在他们自己的时间表,在自

46、己的速度,在自己的方法。他们知道学习不可能被产生在我们里面,它无法制造的others-no事什么年龄和不管我们在学校或在家里。 生活学习是独立于时间、地点或存在的老师。它不需要父母教,或者孩子练习册的工作在厨房的桌子旁从上午9点到中午从9月到6月。生活学习是learner-driven。 它涉及到生活和学习,并从现实世界。这是关于探索,提问,实验,使垃圾冒险,而不必担心犯错,被嘲笑,再试一次。此外,生活学习是信任孩子们学他们需要知道什么,帮助他们学习和成长在他们自己的方式。这是关于提供的经验,使孩子理解世界,他们的文化并与其进行交互。35页most of the people who appe

47、ar most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. we do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the

48、year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. people think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. and i think most people believe that the great

49、est countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. it is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a

50、savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently - this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done - is not being civilized. people fight to settle quarrels. fighting means killing, and c

51、ivilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. and not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. for tha

52、t is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. 在历史上获得最多荣耀，最经常出现在历史教科书中的是那些征服者、将军以及士兵，真正推动人类文明发展的人却始终不被提及。我们不知道谁第一个医好受伤人的断腿，谁第一次用小船到深海远航，谁第一个发明了日历，谁第一次开垦农田，相反，我们只知道那些屠杀别人的人和摧毁人类文明的人。人们总是想到这些人，以致于在世界上大城市里最高的柱子上到处都可以看到这些征服者、将军和士兵的雕像。大多数人相信最伟大的国家是那些打败了其它国家，并作为征服者统治它们的国家。在人类历史上，它们确实是这

53、样的，但它们并不是创造人类文明。动物只会打斗，野蛮人也是只会打斗，所以善于打斗就是与动物和野蛮人一样，这样做并不是创造人类文明。进一步讲，如果某人能够很好地与别人相处，最终能驱使别人为他效命打斗，教会别人如何打斗更有效率，就是征服者和将军们所为，这也不是创造文明。文明的人应当是能够找到某种方法平息人们之间的争议，而不是通过一方杀掉另一方很多人来证明杀人多的一方获胜。在历史上，人们通过打斗来解决争端。打斗意味着杀戮。而且，不仅一方已经获胜，而且由于它这一方已经获胜，所以它这一方是正义的。杀戮意味着胜利，胜利又成为下一次战争的借口，这个借口就是：实力就是正义。36页every 14 days a

54、language dies. by 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on earthmany of them not yet recordedmay disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain. national geographics enduring voices project (conducted in c

55、ollaboration with the living tongues institute for endangered languages) strives to preserve endangered languages by identifying language hotspotsthe places on our planet with the most unique, poorly understood, or threatened indigenous languagesand documenting the languages and cultures within them

56、.language defines a culture, through the people who speak it and what it allows speakers to say. words that describe a particular cultural practice or idea may not translate precisely into another language. many endangered languages have rich oral cultures with stories, songs, and histories passed o

57、n to younger generations, but no written forms. with the extinction of a language, an entire culture is lost. much of what humans know about nature is encoded only in oral languages. indigenous groups that have interacted closely with the natural world for thousands of years often have profound insi

58、ghts into local lands, plants, animals, and ecosystemsmany still undocumented by science. studying indigenous languages therefore benefits environmental understanding and conservation efforts. studying various languages also increases our understanding of how humans communicate and store knowledge. every time a language dies, we lose part of the picture of what our brains can do. thr