2011年高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类

1、2011高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之社会生活类1.（2011天津卷）dblind imitation (模仿)is self-destruction.to those who do not recognize their unique worth. imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strenghth. imitation is unacceptable.in the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. when i f

2、irst learned to cook, i used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. but soon i grew bored. why follow someone elses way of cooking when i could create my own? imitating role models is like using training wheels on a childs bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance,

3、 you fly faster and farther without relying on them.in daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. if, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. if you do not

4、 make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.in the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. those stars look great on screen. but when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. if you are going to follow someone, foc

5、us on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.blessed is the person willing to act on their sundden desire to create somrthing unique.think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have affected you most deeply.they touched you because their creations were motivated by i

6、nspiration,not desperation.the world is changed not by those who do what has been done brfore them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.creative people have an endless resource of ideas.the problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is what to do with the material knocki

7、ng at the door of imagination.syudy your role models,accept the gifts they have given,and leave behind what does not server.then you can say,”i stand on the shoulders of my ancestors”tragedies and tory ,and know that they are cheering on.51.imitation proves useful when you .a.know you are uniqueb.lo

8、se the bslance of lifec.begin to learn something newd.get tired of routine practice52. to avoid the bad result of imitation, we should_.a. forget daily fear and painb. choose the right examplec. ask others for decisionsd. stay away from stars53.acording to the author. the world moves on because of t

9、hose who are .a. desperate to intruence others with their knowledge b. ready to turn their original ideas into realityc. eager to discover what their ancestors didd. willing to accept othersideas54.the trouble a creator faces is .a. the lack of strong motivationb. the absence of practical ideas c. h

10、ow to search for more materialsd. how to use imagination creatively55. what is the authors purpose in writing this passage?a. to highlight the importance of creatively.b. to criticize the characters of role models.c. to compare imitation with creation.d. to explain the meaning of success.cbbda2.（201

11、1天津卷）can idea that started in seattles public library has spread throughout america and beyond. the concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.in addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, th

12、e program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. the idea came from seattle librarian nancy pearl who launched (发起）the if all of seattle read the same book project in 1998. her original pr

13、ogram used author visits,study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other american cities, and even to hong kong.in chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of to kill a mockingbird as the first boo

14、k in the one book, one chicago program. as a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. across the us, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. the only problem arose in new

15、york ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. this may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns,where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .or it may show that new yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all th

16、eir energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.ultinatel was nancy points out,the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book,but by how many people are enriched by the process.or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they wou

17、ld not otherwise have shared a word.46.what is the purpose of the project launched by nancy?a.to invite authors to guide readers.b.to encourage people to read and share.c.to involve people in communnity service.d.to promote the friendship between cities.47.why was it difficult for new yorkers to car

18、ry out the projict?a.they had little interest in reading.b.they were too busy to read a book.c.they came from many different backgroundsd.they lacked support from the locat government48.according to the passage,where would the project be more easily carried out?a.in large communities with little sen

19、se of unityb.in large cities where libraries are far from homec.in medium-sized cities with a diverse populationd.in large towns where agreement can be quickly reached49.the underlined words“shared a word”in paragraph 5 probably mean a.exchanged ideas with each otherb.discussed the meaning of a word

20、c.gamed life experience d.used the same language50.according to nacy,the degree of students of the project is judged by a. the careful selection of a proper bookb. the growing popularity of the writersc.the number of people who benefit from reading.d.the number of books that each person reads.bcdac3

21、.（2011重庆卷）eskeptics are a stange lot. some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. the “eco-guilt” brought on by the discourag

22、ing news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.perhaps that explain why a new book by bjorn lomborg received so much publicity. that book, the skeptical environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fi

23、ne. of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special intererts. indeed, mr. lomborgs views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.so it was stra

24、nge to see mr. lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. one national newspaper in canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “after lomborg, the environmental movement will

25、 begin to die down.”such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. but only a different review appeared in nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. the review remarked that mr. lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。a critical (批判的) e

26、ye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. people might become half-blind before a world partially ex

27、hibited by the media. thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.72. according to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?a. people who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.b. people who disbelieve the se

28、rious situation of our planet.c. people who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.d. people who spread comforting news to protect our environment.73. which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of lomborgs books?a. some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. b.

29、the book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld.c. the author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.d. industryfunded media present confusing information.74. the author mentioned the review in nature in order to_.a. voice a different opinionb. find fault with lomborgs book c. ch

30、allenge the authority of the mediad. point out the value of scientific views.75. what is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?a. to encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.b. to warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.c. to blame the medias lack of responsibility

31、 in presenting information.d. to show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.baad4.（2011安徽卷）bthink about the different ways that people use the wind. you can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources（来源）, as well as one of th

32、e oldest. evidence shows that windmills（风车）began to be used in ancient iran back in the seventh century bc. they were first introduced to europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the middle east with knowledge of using wind power.for many centuries, people used windmills to grind（磨碎）wheat

33、into flour or pump water from deep underground. when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. this allowed them to have electric lights and radio. however, by the 1940s, when electricity was available to people in almost al

34、l areas of the united states, windmills were rarely used.during the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. people also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. then, wind was rediscover

35、ed, though it means higher costs. today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.【文章大意】本文介绍了风能及风能运用的情况。在能源短缺的今天，作为最为洁净、丰富的风能，一定会对我们的生活作出极大的贡献。60. from the text we know that windmills .a. were invented by european armiesb. have a history of more t

36、han 2800 yearsc. used to supply power to radio in remote areasd. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段句子可知，十九世纪末有了电之后，偏僻地区的人们就利用风车发电，于是人们就有了电灯和收音机，因此选择c项。根据windmills began to be used in ancient iran back in the seventh century bc可知，a项错误，b项错在more than；根据末段句子可知，尽管成本较

37、高，人们依然使用风能提供电力，因此d项错误。61. what was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?a. sailing a boat. b. producing electricity.c. grinding wheat into flour.d. pumping water from underground.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第二段句子可知，人们最初利用风车磨面或抽水，十九世纪末有了电之后，人们又用其发电，因此选择b项。62. one of the reasons wind was rediscovered

38、in the 1970s is that .a. wind power is cleanerb. it is one of the oldest power sourcesc. it was cheaper to create energy from wind d. the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs【解析】选a。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，二十世纪七十年代，人们注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而风能的特点是洁净、丰富和历史悠久，但是成本较高。综合选择a项最佳。63. what would the author probably

39、discuss in the paragraph that follows?a. the advantage of wind power.b. the design of wind power plants.c. the worldwide movement to save energy.d. the global trend towards producing power from wind.【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据末段句子today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity throu

40、gh the use of wind可知，接下来作者应该谈论利用风能发电的情况，因此选择d项。5.（2011山东卷）c diana jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.

41、“i have two kids in college, and i want to say come home, but at the same time i want to provide them with a good education,” says jacobs.the jacobs family did work out a solution: they asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through t

42、he federal loan (贷款) program. they will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. with unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the jacobs. more students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need stude

43、nt loans. college administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. at the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. a report from the national center for public policy and higher education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while a

44、verage family income rose just 147%. student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “if we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says patrick m. callan, president of the center. “the middle class families have been financing it throu

45、gh debt. they will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. the good news, however, is that federal

46、loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. 67. how did the jacobs manage to solve their problem? a. they asked their kids to come home. b. they borrowed $20,000 from the school. c. they encouraged their twin sons to do par

47、t-time jobs. d. they got help from the school and the federal government.68. financial aid administrators believe that _. a. more families will face the same problem as the jacobses b. the government will receive more letters of complaint c. college tuition fees will double soon d. americas unemploy

48、ment will fall 69.what can we learn about the middle class families from the text? a. they blamed the government for the tuition increase.b. their income remained steady in the last decade. c. they will try their best to send kids to college.d. their debts will be paid off within 25 years.70.accordi

49、ng to the last paragraph, the government will . a. provide most students will scholarshipsb. dismiss some financial aid administratorsc. stop the companies from making student loansd. go on providing financial support for college students【解析】：66-70:bdacd【语篇解读】本文介绍了今年学生贷款增多给家庭带来的压力和大学学费的不断增加的社会问题，提出政

50、府对之做出的回应。66.b 推理判断题。第一段提到diana jacobs的家庭本来有一个可行的计划可以支付两个双胞胎儿子的大学费用，可由于丈夫的失业计划瓦解了。67.d推理判断题。第三段指出解决方案solution 是向学校索求更多的援助，每个儿子增加贷款到最大额度。如原文“they asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program.”，也即是选项b。68.

51、a。细节推断题。由第四段“expect to hear more families like the jacobs”可以得知 财政援助的管理员们预期会看到更多像jacobs一家的情况，同义转换即选项a。而bd原文没有提到，c 从第五段“student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade”,可知在过去10年里已经长了一倍还多，因此是错的。69. c。推理判断题。从第六段最后一句话“they will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge

52、amount of debt.”可知，无论需要什么他们都会送孩子去上大学，即使那意味着大笔的债务。70. d。细节推断题。由最后一段可知许多公司做出决定说学生贷款利润股沟因此不再做贷款，而好消息是联邦政府承担着四分之三的学生贷款。因此推断是d，政府将继续承担对大学生的资金援助。6.（2011江西卷）cthe garden city was largely the invention of ebenezer howard (1850-1928). after immigrating form england to the usa, and an unsuccessful attempt to m

53、ake a living as a farmer, he moved to chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. in those days, it was nicknamed “the garden city”, almost certainly the source of howards name for his later building plan of towns. returning to london, howard developed his

54、 design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.the nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. at the same time, the british countrys

55、ide was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. howards idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. howar

56、ds idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and c

57、onnecting industries. they would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. as more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-howard suggested 32,000 people; then, anot

58、her would be started a short distance away. thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus