20142015学年高中英语 unit 1 a land of diversity grammar课件 新人教版选修

1、Revise Revise Noun ClausesNoun Clauses Unit 1 GrammarUnit 1 Grammar Objective To revise the noun clauses and use them properly. 语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如 尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句， 或可让学生从已学课文中找相或可让学生从已学课文中找相 应例句，引导学生试着从所观应例句，引导学生试着从所观 察到的语言现象中总结出语言察到的语言现象中总结出语言 规则和语法规律。规则和语法规律。 1. Now I know that

2、 the proper way is always her way. (必修必修1) 2. Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics. (必修必修2) 3. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. (必修必修3) 4. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. (必修必修3) Look at the

3、 following sentences. 5. May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? (必修必修3) 6. I didnt know whether I could survive until morning. (必修必修3) 7. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. (必修必修4) 8. It is a pity that the industrial cities built

4、 in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. (必修必修5) 1. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 2. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 3. Scientists believe that these

5、settlers crossed the Bering Strait times. Sentences from this unit: 4. , the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. 5. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 6. It is bel

6、ieved that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great many races and cultures. to test your sense of observation to test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points Guess 1. Now I know _ the proper way is always her way. 2. Thats _ theyre called

7、 the Winter Olympics. 3. _ is even more important is _ as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 4. The thought _ they could cross the whole continent was exciting. that why Whatthat that 5. May I ask _ you were doing in my restaurant the other day? 6. I didnt know _ I could su

8、rvive until morning. 7. For example, one important thing she discovered was _ chimps hunt and eat meat. 8. It is a pity _ the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. whether that that what 9. Exactly when the first people arrived in _ we now know as California, no

9、one really knows. 10. However, it is likely _ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 11. Scientists believe _ these settlers crossed the Bering Strait times. what that that 12. , the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest c

10、oast of _ we now call the United States. 13. That is _ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 14. It is believed _ before long the mix of nationalities will be so great many races and cultures. what why that 1. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B

11、. which C. what D. how 2. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 4. The problem is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when 5. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. wheth

12、er C. which D. what 6. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 7. We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 8. We heard the news _ their team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where What the driver o

13、f the yellow car did made me extremely angry. Why she did this is still unknown. Subject Clauses Object Clauses Its hard to forget what we have learned in his classes. Please dont tell my mother when Ill give her my gift. What types of noun clauses are they? The fact that he tells lies all the time

14、makes us surprised. I heard the news that our team had won. Thats why I cant follow you. The problem is that its very hard to catch your words. Predicative Clauses Appositive Clauses 以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练 习对本课的语法内容有了一定的习对本课的语法内容有了一定的 了解，下面就让我们根据了解，下面就让我们根据 之前练习的考察情之前练习的考察情 况进一步选择讲解况进一步选择讲解 该语

15、法项的重难点。该语法项的重难点。 从句的语用功能从句的语用功能 英语复合句一般有三大类：名词性英语复合句一般有三大类：名词性(主语、主语、 宾语、表语和同位语宾语、表语和同位语)从句；形容词性从句；形容词性(定语定语)从从 句；副词性句；副词性(状语状语)从句。从句。 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从 句。句。 正确、快速理解英语的复杂句子是提高英正确、快速理解英语的复杂句子是提高英 语阅读和写作能力的一个重要方面。语阅读和写作能力的一个重要方面。 学会学会正确把握句子结构、熟练使用主从复正确把握句子结构、熟练使用主从复 合句：能更准确的理解合句：能更准

16、确的理解句子所传递的信息，提句子所传递的信息，提 高阅读理解能力；能写出高阅读理解能力；能写出更简明、流畅的文段，更简明、流畅的文段， 更贴切、优美的语句，提高写作水平。更贴切、优美的语句，提高写作水平。 Function as a NOUN in a sentence. Question: What is the function of a noun in a sentence? 名词在句中可以充当什么成分名词在句中可以充当什么成分? Noun ClausesNoun Clauses 主语从句主语从句 Subject Clause 名词性从句名词性从句 Noun Clause 宾语从句宾语从

17、句 Object Clause 表语从句表语从句 Predicative Clause 同位语从句同位语从句 Appositive Clause 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类：可分为三类： 1. 连词：连词：that, whether, if不充当从句的不充当从句的 任何成分。任何成分。 2. 连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which不仅不仅 起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是 从句的一个组成部分。从句的一个组成部分。 3. 连接副词：连接副词：when, wh

18、ere, how, why 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的主在一个句子中由一个句子充当的主 语，这个句子叫做语，这个句子叫做主语从句主语从句。 How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 主语从句主语从句 Subject Clause whetherwhether与与if if均为均为“是否是否” 下列情况下只用下列情况下只用whether： 1. 引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not

19、 clear. 2. 引导表语从句引导表语从句 The question is whether hell come. 3. 从句作介词宾语从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win. 4. 从句后有从句后有or not Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题 主语是名词性从句主语是名词性从句, 动词通常用单数。动词通常用单数。 What I am most interested in is American movies. 我最感兴趣的是美国电影。我最感兴趣的是美国电影

20、。 What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。你昨天说的是对的。 用用it作形式主语，作形式主语，that引导的从句是句引导的从句是句 子的真正主语。子的真正主语。 有以下四种不同的结构：有以下四种不同的结构： a. It + be + 形容词形容词 + that-从句从句 It is necessary that 有必要有必要 It is important that 重要的是重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 主语从句常用主语从句常用it it作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首 b. It + be + -ed 分词分词

21、+ that-从句从句 It is believed that 人们相信人们相信 It is known to all that 众所周知众所周知 It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be + 名词名词 + that-从句从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 d. It + 不及物动词不及物动词 + that-分句分句 It appears that 似乎似乎 It happens that 碰

22、巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表 语，这个句子叫做语，这个句子叫做表语从句表语从句。 The fact is that he has not been seen recently. My suggestion is that we should turn the land into rice fields. 表语从句表语从句 Predicative Clause 2. 在在that引导的表语从句中，引导的表语从句中，that不能不能 用用which来替换。来替换。 1. 表语从句可以用表语从

23、句可以用that, why, where, when, how, whether, what, who, which 等词引导。等词引导。 表语从句需要注意的问题表语从句需要注意的问题 3. 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议建议”或者是或者是“命令命令”之类的词如之类的词如 advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等等, 那么从句中的动词通常用那么从句中的动词通常用 (should) + 动词原形动词原形。 1) My suggestion is that we all _ (take) an act

24、ive part in the coming sports meet. 2) His proposal was that the work _ (finish) in five hours. (should) be finished (should) take 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的在一个句子中由一个句子充当的 宾语，这个句子叫做宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句宾语从句。 I worry about whether he can get over the illness. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 宾语从句宾语

25、从句 Object Clause 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名 词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 （及物动词）或介词之后。（及物动词）或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 She did not know what had happened. 动词动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 宾语从句宾语从句 She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后 作宾语：作宾语：anxious,

26、certain, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。等。 3. 作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为 形式宾

27、语，而真正的宾语则放在句尾，形式宾语，而真正的宾语则放在句尾， 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 4. it可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 下列动词后常引导宾语从句下列动词后常引导宾语从句 make, think, consider, feel, find等。等。 She has made it clear that she will get married next month. 通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容, 这这 样的句子叫做样的句子叫做同位语从句同位语从句。 同位语从句一般在下列词的后面同位语从句一般在下列词的后面: fact,

28、 news, idea, hope, wish, promise, truth, reason, suggestion, thought, question, doubt, conclusion, belief, order, words, possibility等。等。 同位语从句同位语从句 Appositive Clause 1. 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系， 即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与 前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定 它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。它前面的名

29、词范围，或补充一些情况。 The news that I have passed the exam is true. The news that he told me just now is true. （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思 就是前面名词的内容。）就是前面名词的内容。） （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制 作用，即作用，即“他刚告诉我的他刚告诉我的”那个消息，而那个消息，而 不是别的消息。）不是别的消息。） 2. 引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句是连词，在从句 中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从

30、句的中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的 that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在 从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. The idea that he gave surprises many people. （that在从句中不充当任何成份。）在从句中不充当任何成份。） （that在从句中作在从句中作gave的宾语。）的宾语。） “that”引导引导 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定

31、语从句的区别 引导从句引导从句that从句中的从句中的 作用作用 可否省略可否省略 同位语同位语 从句从句 连词连词不担任成不担任成 分分 不省略不省略 定语从句定语从句关系关系 代词代词 主、宾、主、宾、 表表 作宾、表作宾、表 时可省略时可省略 Review 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从 句。句。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、 同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语 法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语法功能，名词性

32、从句又可分别称为主语 从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句。句。 Individual activity 注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。 点击此处链接点击此处链接 1. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision marriage almost entirely up to luck. (2009江苏江苏) A. as B. that C. which D. what I. Choose the

33、 best answer. 2. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011上海上海) A. what B. if C. how D. that 3. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. (2011山东山东) A. that B. when C. where D. why 4. His writing is so conf

34、using that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express. (2011安徽安徽) A. that B. how C. who D. what 5. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. (2012北京北京) A. why B. how C. that D. whether 6. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally

35、speaking, are fixed at birth, but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012安徽安徽) A. where B. whether C. that D. why 7. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. (2012江苏江苏) A. when B. that C. whether D. how 8. It suddenly occurred to him _ he

36、had left his keys in the office. (2012江西江西) A. whetherB. where C. whichD. that 9. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. (2012陕西陕西) A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever 10. _ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

37、 (2013天津天津) A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What II. Tell the function of the following sentences. a. subject 主语主语 b. object 宾语宾语 c. predicative 表语表语 d. appositive 同位语同位语 1. The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, Speakers Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past. 2. The fact that Great

38、 Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many. appositive appositive 3. The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age. 4. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. 5. They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation. predicative subject object 1. 你们可以放心我们绝不会灰心。你们可以放心我们绝不会灰心。 2.