知识点动名词

1、动 名 词一、动名词概述动名词构成 ：是由动词原形动名词的否定形式 ： not + ing 动名词构成，He pretends not knowing it at all.We considered not doing it now.他假装全然不知。我们考虑现在不做这件事。动名词的被动形式：（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）His being looked down upon made him sick.I cant really stand being treated like that.The doctor is used to being woken up

2、 at midnight.He hates being interrupted when he is speaking .动名词复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词Your going therewon t help much.I don tlike your being late.这种结构相当于主谓结构,可在句子中做主语或宾语；物主代词（或名词所有格）则称作动名词的逻辑主语。二、动名词的作用：同现在分词形式一样，具有 动词和名词 的性质，在句中可 作主语， 宾语，表语和定语 。1.动名词 作主语：Talking like that is not polite.Learning fro

3、m others is important .Putting on more clothes is not so good .考点：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。Its no use waiting here, lets go home.Its very difficult climbing this mountain.注意 ：常用于it做形式主语的adj 有： good, foolish, wonderful, useless, difficult, nicen.有 :fun, luck, pleasure, relief ,mistake, pain,

4、use, goodimportant, necessary, essential, impossible等只能用to do常用句型：There is no +动名词 .是不可能的There is no knowing how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.It is no use/ good+.It is no use regrettingNo + 动名词 ： No littering! No parking!2.动名词 作宾语做及物动词（ vt ）的宾语 ,它们是 begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, ne

5、ed, enjoy, miss,keep.（不全）Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?做介词宾语：（相关短语）Be fond of ； because of3.动名词 作定语。作名词修饰语，说明名词的用途。She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.类似的词：Swimming pool, washing machine; operating table;

6、 waiting room; smoking room; building material; shopping center; meeting mall; dining room; opening ceremony 开幕式4. 动名词 作表语 。放在 be 动词后面，说明主语是做什么的。The nurses job is looking after the patients. = Looking after the patients is the nurses job.Seeing is believing.眼见为实三、动名词与动词不定式的区别：均可做主、表、宾语：动名词表示一般情况或较抽象

7、的概念不定式表示某次具体的行为和某个将来的动作。总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。做定语时 :动名词 +n.n. +不定式Swimming develops themuscles.游泳使肌肉发达。To swim in such cold water is dangerous.I like making model planes.I want to make a model plane for my brother.My hobby is painting.What I want to do today is to paint a horse.四、

8、几组词的区别：动词后面接动词不定式和动名词均可，但意义相差很大的动词1) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.记得见过他记着要写一封信，还没有写I ll never forget having worked there with farmers for nearly a month.我永远也忘不了与农民在那里工作了近一个月的日日夜夜。动名词短语hav

9、ingworkedthere 作宾语，用来强调过去发生过并延续一段时间的事情。注意：在表示过去发生过的动作时，不可以使用不定式的完成式。I regret saying those words, which clearly hurt her.I regret to say that I cantcome tonight.遗憾的说后悔说那些话2) stop +动名词 表示停止动名词所表示的动作，stop +不定式表示停下来一件事，做不定式所表示的动作。Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟。Lets stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。3） go on +d

10、oing继续做正在 进行的事go on to do+ to do做完一件事，接着做另外一件事He went on writing for the whole morning.He went on to show us around the city.4) can thelpdoing情不自禁做某事can thelpdo sth无助于做某事She couldn thelp admiring the painting.My suggestion couldnthelp improve their service.5) try doing试着做某一件可能会出现某一结果的事try to do尽力做难做

11、的事She tired writing letters in English.I lltry to finish the job ahead of time.6) mean doing意味着做某事mean to do想要做某事Missing the train means having to stay in the local hotel for another two days.He meant to stay in the local hotel for another two days.7) need, want, require意为“需要做某事时”+ 动名词主动形式（doing ） 均

12、可以表示被动+动词不定式的被动形式The road wants/needs/requires widening.The road wants/needs/requires to be widened.8) deserve(v)/ worth (adj) + doing表示被动值得做某事The taxi driver deserves praising.The bookis worthreading.9) have sb. do sth.和 have sb. / sth.doing sth.的区别1. have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调

13、动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵让这男孩背对父亲站着。Have the driver drive the car here at 4 o clock.让司机四点钟把车开过来。2. have sb. / sth. doing sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”，动词-ing形式表示的动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。如：The two men had their lights burning all night long. They tried to have her talking, but there was n