2011高考英语虚拟语气【精品】

1、2011高考英语虚拟语气 Subjunctive mood 2011高考英语虚拟语气 It looks as if Harry Potter were a grown-up. Is he a grown-up? I wish every day were Sunday. Is every day Sunday? 2011高考英语虚拟语气 这种表示假定、想象、这种表示假定、想象、 愿望等的非事实观念的语愿望等的非事实观念的语 气就叫虚拟语气。气就叫虚拟语气。 英语的语气分三大类英语的语气分三大类： 陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。 祈使语气：表达说话人的请求或命令。祈使语

2、气：表达说话人的请求或命令。 虚拟语气：表示说话人的愿望虚拟语气：表示说话人的愿望, ,假设假设, ,猜测或建猜测或建 议议, , 而不是表示客观存在的事实。而不是表示客观存在的事实。 2011高考英语虚拟语气 虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法: ( 一一 ) 用于条件状语从句用于条件状语从句 1 1、真实条件句和虚拟条件句、真实条件句和虚拟条件句 真实条件句：真实条件句：If I have time, I shall(will) go to see you. If you move, Ill shoot you. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句: :If I were a bird

3、, I would fly there. If I were a student, I would do it. 2011高考英语虚拟语气 If +主语主语+动词过动词过 去式（去式（be动词一动词一 律用律用were) 主语主语 + would /should/could/ might +动词原形动词原形 If +主语主语+had+ 过去分词过去分词 主语主语 + would/should/could/ might + have + 过去分词过去分词 动词的过去式或动词的过去式或 should/were to+ 动词原形动词原形 主语主语 + would/should/could/ migh

4、t + 动词原形动词原形 2 2、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 2011高考英语虚拟语气 eg. If I were you, I should study English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting. If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be

5、 put off. 2011高考英语虚拟语气 （1 ）当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发 生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时 间来调整。间来调整。(混合时间条件句混合时间条件句) eg. If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在主句指现在) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to d

6、o now. 注注 意意 2011高考英语虚拟语气 （ 2 ）从句省略）从句省略if , 用倒装句式用倒装句式“were,had,should+主语主语” eg. Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 注注 意意 2011高考英语虚拟语气 (3) 含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在介词短语或上下文含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在介词短语或上下文 中，从句不

7、表现出来。中，从句不表现出来。 eg.I could never go to college without his help. But for (要不是要不是)your help, we should have failed. I would have visited you last week, but I was so busy.(= If I had not been so busy, ) 注注 意意 (= If there were not his help) (= If it had not been for your help) But that I saw, I wouldnt

8、 have believed it. (= If I hadnt seen it) I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have come. (= If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have come.) 2011高考英语虚拟语气 (4)特殊结构的条件句特殊结构的条件句 If it were not for eg. If it were not for his help, I could never go to college. If it had not been for your help, we shoul

9、d have failed. “如果没有如果没有 ”, 表示同现在事实相反的假设表示同现在事实相反的假设 If it had not been for “如果当时没有如果当时没有”, 与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设 注注 意意 2011高考英语虚拟语气 (5) If only (“要是要是多好呀多好呀”)引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 eg. If only I had taken his advice! 我要是听他的话就好了我要是听他的话就好了! If only I had wings! If only + +主语主语 + + 过去完成（与过去相反）过去完成（与过去相反） 过去式（与现在

10、或将来相反）过去式（与现在或将来相反） 注注 意意 (it would have been better) 2011高考英语虚拟语气 (二）二）wish 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 wish 引导的引导的 宾语从句宾语从句 1.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: :过去式过去式(be(be多用多用were)were) 2.2.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: :had+had+过去分词过去分词 3.3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: :would+ would+动词原形动词原形 eg. I wish everyone were active in the lesson. I wish I ha

11、d done better in the mid-term exam. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 2011高考英语虚拟语气 ( 三三) 几种常用虚拟语气的句型几种常用虚拟语气的句型: 1.1.动词动词+ +宾语从句宾语从句 一个坚持一个坚持: :insist 坚持坚持(应该应该/做做) 两个命令两个命令: :order,command 三个建议三个建议: :suggest,propose,advise 四个要求四个要求: :desire,demand,ask,require 宾语从句中用宾语从句中用 (should)+(should)+动词

12、原形动词原形 2.2.与上述动词相对应的名词如：与上述动词相对应的名词如： suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea, command,request等后接的表语从等后接的表语从 句句/同位语从句。同位语从句。 表语从句表语从句, ,同位语从同位语从 句中用句中用(should)+(should)+动动 词原形词原形 2011高考英语虚拟语气 ( 三三) 几种常用虚拟语气的句型几种常用虚拟语气的句型: 3.It is/was+上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词 (suggested, demanded等等）+ that 主语从句主语从句 主语从句中用主语从句中用

13、 (should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形 主语从句中用主语从句中用 (should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形 4. It is/was+ adj./n.如：如： important, necessary, natural, possible, strange, a pity/a shame, no wonder, desirable 2011高考英语虚拟语气 注意注意: insist作作“坚持认为坚持认为”，“坚持说坚持说”解，解，suggest表表 示示“表明表明”，“暗示暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用 陈述语气。陈述语气。 eg.M

14、ike insisted that he had never stolen anything. We insisted that she (should) go with us. Janes pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. 2011高考英语虚拟语气 (四四)as if / though引导的状语从句引导的状语从句 注：注：as if /though 表示表示“有可能实现的事实有可能实现的事实”时，从句用陈述语时，从句用陈述语 气

15、。气。 eg.It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain. as if / though 引导的状语引导的状语 从句从句 1.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: : 过去式过去式(be(be多用多用were)were) 2.2.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: : had+had+过去分词过去分词 3.3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: :would+ would+动词原形动词原形 2011高考英语虚拟语气 （五）（五）It is time that句式的虚拟语气形式句式的虚拟语气形式 动词过去式（动词过去式（be多用多用were）或）或 should+动词原形动词原形 (不能省不能省) eg.Its time that you should go to school. went 2011高考英语虚拟语气 （七）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用（七）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用 1 1）表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉。）表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉。 It would be b