公开课名词性从句

1、.1 .2 volunteers .3 The pictures tell us about v_ work. The pictures tell us that we should do some voluntary work. Its our social responsibility. That we should do some voluntary work. “ “It” refers to?It” refers to? Replace “it “! Replace “it “! That we should do some voluntary work is our social

2、responsibility. 宾语宾语 宾语从句宾语从句 充当主语充当主语 subject 主语从句主语从句 Develop itDevelop it Its our social responsibility that we should do some voluntary work . 形式主语形式主语 Our social responsibility is _ we should do some voluntary work. Our social responsibility _ we should do some voluntary work is necessary. that

3、 that 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 oluntary 名词性从句名词性从句 Noun clause .4 名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 主语主语 His job is important. is important. 表语表语 This is his job. This is What he does what he does every day .5 辨别下列名词性从句的类别： 1.How the book will sell depends on its author. 2.John said that he was leaving

4、for London on Wednesday. 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S. 6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting. 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 宾语从句宾语从句

5、 主语从句主语从句 .6 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if 连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why 1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分， 本身也没有词义，本身也没有词义，中可省略中可省略 2。 引导主语从句、引导主语从句、和同位语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。不可省略。 .7 1. T

6、hat he will succeed is certain . 2. Whether he will go there is not known . 3. What he said is not true . 4. Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5. Whoever comes is welcome. Underline the subject .8 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常 放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语itit代替，而本身代替，而本身 放在句

7、子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主 语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. .9 1 That he will succeed is certain 2 Whether he will go there is not known 3 When they will start the p

8、roject has not been decided yet 1 It is certain that he will succeed 2 It is not known whether he will go there 3 It has not been decided yet when they will start the project 改成改成it作形式主语结构作形式主语结构 .10 (1) It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge tha

9、t 是常识是常识 (2) It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是 (3) It 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It occurs to sb that 某人突然想起某人突然想起 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎 (4) It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said tha

10、t 据说据说 .11 4. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句 子成分，如主语宾语表语，而子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。则不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a surprise. 3) What I want to know is this. 4) That he can take good care of himself is quite certain. 注

11、意注意由由What引导的主语从句不能构成引导的主语从句不能构成It iswhat的句式。如的句式。如 It is right what he said. .12 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放 在主句谓语动词在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略), 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语

12、从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作） with one another. .13 3. 作形容词的宾语

13、，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game. 4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正 的宾语的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子 中。中。 例如：例如： We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. .14 5. 否定的转移否定

14、的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语等，其后的宾语 从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句 谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： _我认为这件衣我认为这件衣 服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。 I dont think the dress fits you well .15 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动放在系动 词之后词之后

15、，一般结构是，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可。可 以接表语从句的连系动词有以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另 外，常用的还有外，常用的还有the reason is that ;It is because 和和This is why等结构。例如：等结构。例如： 1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is _ we cant get the support of the people. 3) But t

16、he fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/how why that whythat .16 1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that引导，前面名词通常是引导，前面名词通常是 decision order,fact,news,idea,opinion 例例 如：如：

17、1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别 的词隔开。例如：的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports

18、meeting was put off. .17 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作作 某个成分（主语或宾语）某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的，而同位语从句中的that是连词，是连词， 只起连接主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先 行词加以限定，行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词；同

19、位语从句是名词 性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一（第一 个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤（汤 姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（

20、同位语从句，（同位语从句，that在句中不作在句中不作 任何成分）任何成分） .18 （I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good. 2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. （that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,在从句中不担在从句中不担 当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不

21、可以省略） .19 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句 1.We heard the news that our team had won. 2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money. 3. The news that he told me yesterday was false. 4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 5. The fact is that we have spent all our money. 同位语从句同位语从句 同

22、位语从句同位语从句 定语从句定语从句 同位语从同位语从 句句 表语从句表语从句 .20 翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。 1.What he wants is a book. 2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together. 3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4.This is why he did it. 5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip i

23、n Tibet? 6.That he wants a book is certain. 7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity. 8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well. 10.The problem is whether you can sing it well. 11.The problem whether it is right or wrong

24、has not been decided. 12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 .21 1. 主语从句主语从句 Whether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句，如：表语从句，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. 同位语从句，如：同位语从句，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting

25、 is not decided. 4. 从句作介词的宾语从句作介词的宾语，如：，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. 6. 直接跟不定式连用直接跟不定式连用，如：，如： She hasnt decided whether to go or not. It depends on whether or not we have got enough money. 5.有有or not 紧跟其后的紧跟其后的 .22 用if 或whether 填空 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I don

26、t know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you. whether/if whether whether whether Whether If .23 何时开会还没有决定何时开会还没有决定。 Whe

27、n the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet . 他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般用用 _形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语 从句作主语，谓语动词则用从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由形式。由 两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语 动词用动词用_形式。形式。 总结归总结归 纳：纳： 单数单数 复数复数 has When they will start

28、 and where they will go_(have)still unknown. 何时何地开会还没有决定何时何地开会还没有决定。 When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet . have has 单数单数 .24 名词性从句在句中要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序, ,从句从句 的引导词必须始终置于的引导词必须始终置于_ 1.No one can be sure _ in a million years. what will man look like B. what man will look

29、 like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 陈述陈述总结归总结归 纳纳： 2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 句首句首 .25 2. Our physics teacher once told us that ligh

30、t _ （ travel ） faster than sound. travels 总结总结 归纳：归纳： 3) )主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用从句谓语可根据需要选用各种各种时态时态 1. He said that he will go to the station.(改错）改错） . 3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时态的某种时

31、态 2 2）主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语客观事实，格言，谚语等等 ，从句谓从句谓 语动词语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时 went has been would .26 I suggest that she ( shoul) do her work alone. The commander insisted that troops (should) set off at once. 但但suggest意为意为“表明，暗示表明，暗示”等时；等时；insist 为为“坚持主张，坚持主张， 坚持认为坚持认为”等时，应用陈述语气：等时，应用陈述语气： Hi

32、s expression sgguested that he disagreed with me. The doctor insisted the his treatment was right. 在宾语从句中，在宾语从句中，表建议，命令，坚持，要求表建议，命令，坚持，要求command, order, suggest, advise, insist, desire(请求）请求）, demand, beg, require, request，propose 等动词如果后面加上宾等动词如果后面加上宾 语从句的话语从句的话, 从句谓语部分必须用（从句谓语部分必须用（should） do .27 在

33、主语从句中在主语从句中 it is+ necessary(important,natrural,strange, essentail,etc）+that it is +a pity(a shame, no wonder,etc)+that it is+suggested(requested,proprosed,desired ,ect)+that 如：It is strange that she (should) think so 在同位语从句和表语从句中，名称是表示在同位语从句和表语从句中，名称是表示“建议，建议， 请求，要求，命令请求，要求，命令”等的从句用虚拟语气，如等的从句用虚拟语气，

34、如： His suggestion is that we (should )hold another meeting to discuss the question. His suggestion that we (should )hold another meeting to discuss the question is surpported by us. .28 1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would d

35、evelop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them 4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bu