2021年语法复习十三 非谓语动词二动词ING形式

1、语法复习十三 非谓语动词二动词ing形式 语法复习十三：非谓语动词（二）-动词-ing形式 1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词 _ke 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下： 动词 语态 形式 及物动词 _ke 不及物动词go 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 _ being _de going 完成式 having _de having been _de having gone 2、-ing形式的基本用法。 （1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如

2、一见。Talking is easier than doing. -ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here. （2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps. （3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.；作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back t

3、o New York.； do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示做事之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? 作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. -ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：W

4、e found it no good talking like that. Do you think it ne _ssary trying again? （4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the _n standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如

5、果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. （5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 （6）作状语：时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldnt

6、help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因状语：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的

7、动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. 4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours. 5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：Having been shown the lab, w

8、e were taken to see the library. 6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：Your _oking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going there first. 7、-ing形式与动词不

9、定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式，如：Our job is _ steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to play it today. 8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：The girl writing a letter there can speak Engl

10、ish very well./I have three letters to write. 9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：I have told them to e again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the ro

11、om.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。 10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语，如：Not re _iving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 练习、非谓语动词（二） 1. Alien said that his trip was _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of i

12、nterest 2. We cant understand _ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to _ke B. his postponing to _ke C. him to postpone _ D. his postponing _ 3. I couldnt understand _ at the poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing 4. Its no use_ with him. You might as we

13、ll _ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue 5. It is no good _ todays work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 6. The old _ns _ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have 7. Its very kind _ you _ say so. A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, / 8. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _ . A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing 9. Remember _ the book, when you have finis