直接引语和间接引语总结归纳

1、直接引语和间接引语考点1、人称的变化1）一随主”。直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：He said，I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry.2）“二随宾”。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，女口：“You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me.tMy father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3）“三不变”。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说

2、的，转换成第三人称。女口：She said to her son, shell check his homework tonight. ”t She said to her son that she would check his homework that ni ght.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：He asked me, “ Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon? t He asked me whether I would go to the st

3、ation with him to meet a friend of his that after noon.考点2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 （实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语 t间接引语一般现在时T一般过去时一般过去时T过去完成时现在进行时T过去进行时过去完成时T过去完成时现在完成时T过去完成时过去进行时T过去进行时一般将来时T过去将来时例如：“I am very glad to visit your school” , she said.t She s

4、aid she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, “ We are liste ning to the pop music.”t Tom said that they were liste ning to the pop music.从句时态无须改变的情况_-1）当主句的谓语动词 是一般现在时/将来时的时候，如：He always says, “I am tired out. ”t He always says that he is tired out.He will say, “I ll try my best to help you.”

5、t He will say that he will try his best to help me.3）当直接引语部分带有 具体的过去时间状语时，如：（优化方案p11语法专练2） He said, “I went to college in 1994.”t He told us that he went to college in 1994.4 ）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。5）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，时态不不变。He said,get up at sit every morning. ”t He said he gets up at sit every

6、morning. ”6）当直接引语中有以 when, while , since引导的从句，只改变主句时态，从句时态不变女口：1. He said ,“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.”tHe said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.2. Mr. Green said to them, “ Joetold me all about his story whe n he asked for a job. ” t

7、 Mr. Gree n told them that Joehad told me all about his story whe n he asked for a job.6) 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象 ; 谚语、格言时，如：Our teacher said to us, “ Light travels faster than sound. ”t Our teacher told us that light travels faster tha n sound.He said ，“Practice makes perfect. ” tHe said that practice make

8、s perfect.7) 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might,must, ought to, used to, need 时, 保持不变。例如：The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.”tThe doctor said Id better drink plenty of water.He said, “She must be a teacher. ”t He said that she must be a teacher.He said,

9、 “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”t He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.The teacher said,“You neednt hand in your compositions today.”t The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions.She asked, “Must I take the medicine? ”t She aske

10、d if she had to take the medicine.注：此处用 had to 代替 must 更好考点 4：指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化1)时间状语：直接引语t 间接引语nowt thentomorrow tthe next (following )daytoday t that daynext week tthe next (following )week (month, year )yesterday tthe day beforetwo days ago t two days beforelast week (month, year )t the week (mon

11、th, year )beforethis week t that week (month, year )2) 指示代词： these 变成 those3) 地点状语： here 变成 there4) 动词： come 变成 go，bring 变成 takeShe said, “I wont come here any more. ”tShe said that she wouldnt go there any more.注意：如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon 等均不必改变。如：

12、She said to us, “lIl come here tomorrow.”tShe told us she would come here tomorrow.考点5、语序的变化1 )陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用 told 来代替，注意，可以说 said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说 told that,女口： He said, “ I have been to the Great Wall.He said to us that he hadbeen to th

13、e Great Wall.此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat, whisper, an swer, reply, expla in, announce, declare,think等，又如：He said ,Im late because of the heavy traffic.(根据句意理解改动词)t He expla ined to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果间接引语是 由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。The doctor said,“ You ar

14、e not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”t The doctor said (that) I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.2) 直接引语为一般疑问句，(也称是否疑问句，)间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词 said要改为asked (me/him/us等)，语序是 陈述句的语序。He said, “ Do you have any difficulty with pronun ciati on?”tHe asked (me ) whether

15、/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.3) 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用 whetheror表达，而不用ifor ,也不用 either or如：He asked, “ Do you speak En glish or Fren ch? ”t He asked me whether I spoke En glish or Fren ch.4) 直接引语为特殊疑问句，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask ( sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：He asked ,“ Whats your name? ”t He a

16、sked (me ) what my name was.He asked us, “ How many car factories have bee n built in your coun try? t He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 注意1 :本身特殊疑问代词做主语语序不变。My head teacher said:“who likes reading in the park?t My head teacher asked who liked read ing in the park. 注意

17、2 :1. What the matter (with you)?2. What wrong (with you)?(语序不变)3. What the trouble (with you)?(语序要变)5）直接引语为祈使句时，tell, warn, order, request（由否定祈使句转变）， 的变化。如：改为间接引语，用带to的不疋式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise,等。女口 ask sb. to do ,（由肯疋祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应He said ,“ Be seated, please.t

18、He asked us to be seated.Never come here aga in!said the officer n earby.the teacher said.t The officer ordered the villagers n ever to go there aga in.“ Dont touch anything in the lab without permissi on,tThe teacher warned the students not totouch anything in the lab without permission.6）有些含有“建议”、

19、“劝告”的祈使句，可用 suggest, insist, offer 等动词转述，如： He said, “Lets have a rest. ”t He suggested our having a rest.He said, “Let me help you. ”tHe offered to help me.7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句， 有表示请求，建议意义时，可用 ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：“Would you mind opening the door? ” he asked.tHe asked me to open the door.“Why not going out for a walk? ” he asked us.tHe advised us to go out for a walk. 或 He suggested we go out for a walk.8） 直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what 或 how 引导，也可用 that 引导，如：Sh