874380905当今汽车面临的挑战毕业设计中英文翻译

1、当今汽车面临的挑战自上世纪下半叶，中东石油危机导致世界性油荒，以及石油系不可再生资源，迫使世界上几乎所有著名汽车制造厂商都在加速研制“低油耗、低价格，小排量、小车身”一般发展中国家老百姓都能买得起的轿车。事实上“二低二小”轿车（国人谓之“经济型轿车”）并不是临时应付穷人的权宜之计，而是为了节约能源、减少污染、少占行车空间及停车用地，在有经济效益的同时，社会效益的意义更大。发达国家几十年来一直没有停止过此类车的研发和生产，汽车大国日、英、德、法、意、韩的低排量汽车市场一直占据汽车市场50%左右。波兰、捷克和前南斯拉夫等国的市场比例更高，经济型轿车达到80%以上。早在上世纪的五十年代，日本政府就公

2、布了“轻四轮法”，规定此档车不仅可以享受减税、减保险金、免征过桥、过渡费、简化车照、驾照手续等等。到了本世纪的今天，德国大众汽车公司已推出节能型奥迪a2百公里油耗3l的lupo型轿车。意大利菲亚特汽车公司将在2002年出品的1.2l“punto”轿车，百公里油耗2.9l，售价1.2万马克（约人民币5.2万元）。此外福特的fiesta 、雷诺clio、日产micra等微型轿车都是风靡世界的流行车型。由此可见，价格低廉、油耗低、小排量、轻污染、轻便灵活、用途广泛的经济型轿车已成为全球汽车市场最受欢迎的车型之一，各国政府不仅在用车政策上网开一面，而且在各方面都加以大力鼓励与有力扶持。经济型轿车在汽车

3、分类中可分为a级车和b级车，a 级车的发动机排量通常在1.0l以下，车身总长度一般不超过3.5m，两门，如韩国大宇matiz、日本铃木alto等。b级车的发动机排量通常在1.0-1.5l之间，车长不超过3.75m，四门，性能比也较强，并有更多的车型变化，如雷诺clio、标致206等。目前，西欧所产的a级的b级车总量约在430多万辆，预计到2005年将达到500万辆。在当今亚洲地区a+b级车合计超过了300万辆，预计到2005年合计生产量将达到400万辆。南美地区2005年a+b级车合计将达到200万辆。东欧地区2005年a+b级车合计将达到100万辆左右。北美地区2005年b级车合计将达到20

4、万辆以上。由此可略一斑，在未来石油资源走向枯渴贻尽的岁月中，小型车在世界各地不仅有快速走红之势，而且潜在市场之大，令人刮目相看振奋不已。在世界各国，经济型轿车发展比较成功的无一不是切合本国国情为依据。但在现阶段中国社会的汽车市场，由于受到地方保护主义、官僚主义歧视性车管政策和经济利益驱动的影响，小排量经济型汽车处处受到无理的“管、卡、压、挤、限”，其生存发展状态十分困难。这一逆世界潮流而动的行为在中国不知要横行霸道到哪一天？！“穷阔”二字是中国轿车市场的最好写照，按国人传统的文化理念诠释：四轮轿车=八人抬大轿，有多少人承认轿车也是带步工具？当官的视其为权力权威权利的象征；发不义之财暴发户视其为

5、成功的标致；平头百姓尤其是成千上万的下岗工人视其为可望而不可及的梦想，这也许就是中国的国情所在。当官的没有理由不让他坐高级轿车，否则有失尊严；经商的不坐豪华轿车又如何“摆阔”？为彰显政绩“放卫星”名日提升城市整体形象，地方政府官员当然要在城市中驱逐“丢人现眼”的微型出租车，换型车大上特上大排量的出租车。其实在摆阔的背后是不伤自己一根毫发的“穷阔”，老百姓要的是实惠，而不是华而不实的“摆阔”。我们是否已到了“摆阔”的时候？众所共知，我国人均gdp均为发达国家的百分之几，有许多地区老百姓的温饱问题都尚未解决，下岗或隐性下岗的人员几千万，贫富差距不是在缩小而是在越拉越大,社会地位有着天壤之别，其结果

6、直接构成了严重的社会性问题。因此,今天无论从何种层面上看,未来十年乃至十五年纵使老百姓富了起来,中国社会需要的仍然是一般老百姓能买得起用得起的经济型轿车。我国虽地大但并不物博。据一九九九年资料显示，我国每年的石油需求量达亿吨左右，其中原油进口量的比例在以上，而在八十年代我国还是石油出口大国。这一角色的转换再一次向国人发出警告：石油这一战略性资源的危机将对国家安全构成威胁。尤其是今年连续不断飚升的油价，虽有时髦说法-与国际水平接轨，但人家老外口袋中有几两银子，我们口袋有几文银子；人家有涨有跌，我们是只涨不跌，这里大家都心知肚明，无须多费笔墨。尽管严酷的事实如此，我们几乎所有微型车生产厂家都感到了

7、生存的压力，微型轿车持续几年呈下滑趋势，今年全年微型轿车产销降幅在10百分点以下已成定局，且无回天之力。鉴于微型车几年来所处的尴尬局面，目前上经济型轿车的无论是“6”字头还是“7”字头生产企业，其产品的性能比与中级轿车相差无几，大多数排量都在1.5l或1.5l以上，以适应城市出租车市场的需要。看来微型轿车要得到正真发展，不仅只有等到“燃油税”开征之日，而且还有等于大批量“官车”没落之时，才能“翻身解放”。我国城市污染在世界的排行榜上也是赫赫有名，其中除烟尘外，大排量汽车尾气排放成为重要的污染源。但在我国的各大城市不仅不限制大排量的轿车，反而鼓励其无节制地发展。与此同时，却毫不留情地挤压淘汰微型

8、车。宣传的目标是治理、减少污染，采取的措施却是加大污染。微型车比其它汽车的污染要轻得多，在汽车发动机转速与技术水平相当的条件下，排量在1.0l以下的微型车的废气量约为1.5l汽车的1/3。目前达到欧洲排放3号标准的微型轿车，对空气所带来的污染几乎是微不足道。微型轿车的体形“三围”较小，无论是处于动态或静态的情况下，所占的空间只接近中高级轿车的一半。不言而喻，微型轿车对缓解城市停车场少、道路面积小的紧张状况有很大的积极作用。目前整个汽车消费外部综合环境、环保要求、实际购买力、生产厂家的产品实际开发能力等诸多因素的影响和制约，家庭汽车消费市场进入成长期的前期，决定着微型轿车真正进入中国百姓家庭仍有

9、一段艰辛的路要走。尽管今天中国汽车市场与世界汽车市场有不合拍的地方很多，但相信在不远的将来，总会平整融入到世界潮流之中，微型化、节能化、环保化、经济化的经济型轿车必定占据主流车型，这也是由中国国情所决定的。the challenge of todays carssince the last half of the century, the middle east oil crisis led to a worldwide shortage of oil and of petroleum series of non-renewable resources, forcing almost all

10、the worlds leading automobile manufacturers are in the accelerated development of low fuel consumption, low cost, small displacement, small car ordinary people in developing countries can afford cars. in fact, two low two small car (people that the economy car) is not a temporary expedient to meet t

11、he poor, but to save energy, reduce pollution, less road space and parking space accounted for in cost-effective the same time, greater social significance. developed countries for decades has not stopped the development and production of such cars, japanese auto major powers, britain, germany, fran

12、ce, italy, south koreas low-emission car market car market has been dominated by about 50%. poland, the czech republic and the former yugoslavia and other countries a higher market share, economic cars more than 80%. back in the fifties of the last century, the japanese government announced the ligh

13、t 4 act, the provisions of this file can not only enjoy the tax vehicle, less insurance, exempt from the bridge, the transition costs, simplify ju zhao, drivers license procedures, etc. and so on. by the century, the german volkswagen has introduced energy-efficient audi a2 3l of lupo 100 km fuel co

14、nsumption cars. fiat of italy in 2002 produced 1.2l punto car, 100 km fuel consumption of 2.9l, priced at 12,000 marks (about 52 thousand yuan). in addition, ford fiesta, renault clio, nissan micra and other micro-cars are popular in the world of popular models. thus, low cost, low fuel consumption,

15、 low-emission, light pollution, light and flexible, uses a wide range of economic cars has become a global car market one of the most popular models, governments not only in the car on the lenient policy , and in all respects to be strongly encouraged and strong support. economic car in the car cate

16、gory can be divided into a-class and b class, a class 1.0l engine displacement is usually less than the total body length of not more than 3.5m, 2, such as the daewoo matiz, suzuki japan alto and so on. b-class engine displacement is usually between 1.0-1.5l, drivers no more than 3.75m, four-door, p

17、erformance ratio is also stronger and have more models change, such as the renault clio, peugeot 206 and so on. currently, western europe, produced by a-b-class is about more than 430 million total is expected to reach 5 million by 2005. in todays asia, class a + b together more than three million,

18、is expected to total production in 2005 will reach 4 million. south america 2005, class a + b together to reach 2 million. eastern europe in 2005 class a + b combined will reach 100 million units. north american b-class car in 2005 will total 20 million units. this may be slightly evident, the oil r

19、esources in the future try to dry thirsty yi years, the small car is not only fast in popularity around the world trend, and the potential market for large, impressive excited. country in the world, economic cars without exception, the development of more successful suit based on its national condit

20、ions. but at this stage of chinese society car market, due to local protectionism, bureaucracy, discrimination vehicle administration policy and economic benefits of small displacement cars everywhere by economic unreasonable pipe, card, pressure, squeezing, limited the survival and development of s

21、tate very difficult. the behavior of moving against the world trend in china, i do not know to ride roughshod to the day? ! poor w word is the best reflection of chinas car market, according to chinese traditional culture concept interpretation: four cars carrying taijiao = eight, how many people re

22、cognize the car is also a tool with a step? government officials view them as a symbol of the power authority of the rights; made ill-gotten gains upstart view them as successful peugeot; the common people especially the tens of thousands of laid-off workers view them as elusive dream, this may wher

23、e is chinas national conditions. government officials have no reason to not let him sit limousine, or humiliating; doing business do not take the luxury car, how ostentatious? to highlight achievements satellite - name date enhance the overall image of the city, local government officials in the cit

24、y, the expulsion of course, disgraceful the mini-cab, for the model congress, especially on the large displacement of the taxi. in fact, the ostentatious do not hurt themselves behind a scratching of poor kuo, people want is affordable, not flashy ostentatious. we have to ostentatious in time? known

25、 to everyone, chinas per capita gdp are percentage of developed countries, there are people in many parts of the food and clothing remain to be resolved, the laid-off or hidden hundreds of millions of laid-off workers, the wealth gap is not narrowing but widening larger, fundamentally different soci

26、al status, the results of direct form of serious social problems. therefore, today no matter what level, the next decades or even fifteen years even if the rich people up, the chinese society is still in need ordinary people can afford to buy a car with affordable economy. chinas large but it does n

27、ot matter though to bo. according to 1999 statistics, chinas annual oil demand of 1.5 million tons, of which the proportion of crude oil imports more than 20%, while in the eighties or the oil-exporting countries in china. the role of the conversion again issued a warning to the people: the oil cris

28、is of the strategic resources would pose a threat to national security. in particular the continuous soaring of oil prices this year, although the stylish way - into line with international standards, but pockets of a few people foreigner two silver, our pocket money several culture; people up and d

29、own, we are only up not down here we all know, is no more pen and ink costs. despite the grim fact that, we almost all the micro-car manufacturers are feeling the pressure of survival, micro car continued downward trend in recent years, mini-car sales this year fell 10 percent less a foregone conclusion, and no huitianzhili . mini cars for several years in view of the embarrassing situation in which, at present, on both economic cars 6 prefix or 7 prefix production enterprises, the performance of their products is almost the same compared with th