中考英语_第三轮_中考题型聚焦__阅读理解1学习课件

1、第39讲阅读理解 在近3年辽宁各地市的中考试题中，阅读理解大多数地方均为4篇，在 形式上以选择型(4选1)为主要类型，并且大部分地区都会涉及一定量的 图画或表格，以增强试题的趣味性。各地话题涉及广泛，文体以记叙文 和说明文为主，少量涉及议论文，词数均在200左右。 记叙文的话题以故事类为主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等 ，以道德教育为目的，每年至少有2篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有 考查话题的50%。预计2017年仍会涉及该话题。 广告图表类阅读理解的考查约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。这类 话题一方面增加了试题的趣味性，另一方面贴近生活实际，能教会学生 一些英语在生活中的运用。分析近

2、三年辽宁试题可知，广告图表类涉及 较多的是34组不同的小广告或图表组合，也会偶尔涉及某一个海报或 某一则信息，所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活，或是一些奇闻轶事 。预计2017年仍会涉及该形式。 说明文以介绍类为主，包括饮食健康、咨询建议、文化风俗、科普知 识、社会热点、人物介绍、广告信息等，内容涉及广泛，以了解知识为 目的。每年中考试题中至少有1篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查 话题的25%。预计2017年仍会涉及该话题。 中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能 力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必 要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要

3、的分析。 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉 及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分 体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见考查点有主旨大意题 、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览 问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。 其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵 循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直 接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 (一)主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查考生对文

4、章主题思想的领会和理解能力。在解答 此类题目时，不能仅凭文中的只言片语断章取义，涉及文章的标题、结 论等有关问题，都要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理 判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。短文往往回绕主题句展开，主题句 通常出现在短文的第一句或最后一句。各段的主题句通常出现在各段的 首句。 主旨大意题主要的设问方式有： Whats the main idea of this passage? What does the passage mainly tell us? What does the passage mainly discuss? The writer means to te

5、ll us that _ The main idea of the passage is that _ The passage is mainly about _ From the passage we can learn/conclude that _ The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _ Whats the best title for the passage? What would be the best title for the passage? The best title for the passage is _ (二)细节

6、理解题 细节理解题要注意同义不同句。利用题目的关键词(多为人名、地名 、数字及其他专有名词)，寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接 在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的。 细节题在阅读理解中占比重很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点： 首先，阅读时利用这类关键词和词组that is to say，above all， especially，mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外，在问题的选项中 表示绝对意义的词least (最不)，always (总是)，never (永不)，all (所有) ，none (一个也不)，any (任何) 和表示唯一性的词汇only (

7、只有)，just (仅 仅)，往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。 其次，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己 的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。 最后，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是 文章中直接列出的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。 细节理解类题目常见的设问方式有： Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? What does the writer pay the least attention to? Choose the right order of the events give

8、n in the passage. All of the following statements may be true/false except _ Which of the following is not the result of.? Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.? 【例1】(2016，铁岭) It was a summer day，a little leaf was crying sadly.“Whats wrong，little leaf？” the tree asked. “Its

9、the wind，” said the little leaf，“he just told me that he would throw me on the ground to die one day.” “Dont be afraid，baby.” the tree said，“just hold on me，and you wont leave me until you are ready.” So the little leaf stopped crying，and went on singing and dancing.She grew happily all the summer.

10、When autumn came，the little leaf saw all the leaves around her growing very beautiful.Some were yellow，some were brown，and others turned into different colors. Then the little leaf asked the tree what this meant.The tree said，“All these leaves are getting ready to fly away，and they have put on these

11、 colorful clothes to welcome their new lives.” After hearing the words，the little leaf began to prepare to leave like others. However，she saw that the tree had no bright colors.So the little leaf asked ，“Oh，big tree! Why are you grey while we are all beautiful？” “Its the color of our working clothes

12、，” said the tree kindly.“We must wear the clothes because we havent finished our work，but your clothes are for holidays because your task is now over.” Just then a wind came and took the little leaf away.She flew happily in the sky and expected her new trip. 【文章大意】本文是一篇哲理故事。文章通过叶子和大树之间的对话 ，旨在告诉我们奉献的

13、意义。 1The little leaf was told _ would throw her on the ground to die. Athe wind Bthe tree Cthe other leaves Dthe sky 【解析】细节理解题。从第二段首句可知，叶子告诉大树，风会把它 刮到地上，直至死亡。 答案：_A_ 2All the leaves _ when they were getting ready to fly away. Aturned grey Bput on colorful clothes Ccried sadly Dsang and danced happil

14、y 【解析】细节理解题。从第四段“All these leaves are getting ready to fly away，and they have put on these colorful clothes to welcome their new lives.”可知叶子们在要飞走的时候，都穿上了五颜六色的衣服。 答案：_B_ 3When the little leaf was getting ready to leave，she found _ Athe tree became more beautiful Bthe other leaves were crying Cshe her

15、self turned yellow Dthe tree had no bright colors 【解析】细节理解题。从第六段“However，she saw that the tree had no bright colors.”可知，在叶子准备飞走的时候，她发现大树没有鲜艳的 颜色。 答案：_D_ 4At the end of the story，we can know the little leaf _ Awas sad to leave Bwas happy to fly away Cgrew more beautiful Dstill grew on the tree 【解析】细节

16、理解题。从最后一段“Just then a wind came and took the little leaf away.She flew happily in the sky and expected her new trip.”可知， 叶子高兴地在天空中飞翔，并且期待着她的新旅行。 答案：_B_ 5The passage is mainly about _ Aa summer day Ba cruel wind Ca little leaf Da big tree 【解析】主旨大意题。文章通过对叶子前后变化告诉我们奉献的伟大 之处。 答案：_C_ At my primary school

17、，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never studied，but always got perfect scores.I thought I was born clever.At least I believed so.I was also a_prodigy in music according to myself.I could sing better than almost everyone else in my school.I was pretty sure that once I got to sixth grade，everyon

18、e would be surprised by me. But actually，they werent. When I arrived at my new class, I couldnt wait to show everyone what I could do.However，there was always someone else who could do them better.My grades began to suffer.More talented(有天资的) girls often sang solo(独唱)I believed I wasnt smart.I belie

19、ved I wasnt talented.I believed I was a failure. Over the next two years，I had to work very hard.Every prize for the singing competition was given to me for hard work and effort.Grades were still very low but improving little by little.I worked really hard.However，I was never the best at everything.

20、 I havent realized until recently that I really dont have to be the best at everything.I was too hard on myself.In fact，when I did badly in a test，my classmates never laughed at me. No one is perfect.There will probably always be someone better than me at something.Anyway，there are about seven billi

21、on people in this world.I will never be the number one at everything，and thats really okay. 1What does “a prodigy” probably mean in English? AA smart kid. BA crazy fan. CA common child. DA lazy girl. 2When the writer was at the new class._ Ashe lost her interest in music Bshe had difficulty in learn

22、ing Cshe surprised everyone in solos Dshe got separated from friends 3What happened to the writer during the next two years? AShe won many prizes without any effort. BShe found the best way to become perfect. CShe gave up trying because of the low scores. DShe failed to be perfect though she worked

23、hard. 4What has the writer realized recently? AThere is no success without effort. BBeing talented is the key to success. CDont expect too much of yourself. DIts not necessary to care about the result. 5Which would be the best title for this passage? AWhen I wasnt perfect BMy past life as a young gi

24、rl CHard work doesnt work DWhat to do when youre not perfect 15.ABDCD (三)推理判断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和 推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作 目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句， 对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复 比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 推理判断题主要的设问方式有： It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that. Which

25、of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? The writer suggests that. The writer uses the example of.to show that. Whats the writers attitude toward.? Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage? From the passage，we know. The writer probably agrees that. (四)词义猜测题 词义猜测题主要考

26、查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力 。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见 过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下 文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切， 仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 词义猜测题主要的设问方式有： Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese? The underlined word.refers to/probably means. The underlined word.could be replaced by.

27、What is the meaning of.? Which of the following words can take the place of the word.? 【例2】 (2016，营口) Head teacher，teachers，grandparents，parents and classmates，Im very proud that I have been chosen to speak to you all today.Im a bit nervous as Ive never made a speech before to so many people，but Ill

28、 try my best. As we all know，this is the school leavers party，and its time to say goodbye to everyone.Were sorry to leave you at the end of our junior high school education，and we promise that well never forget the happy times we have spent in these buildings with you all. Id like to thank three gro

29、ups of people for the three things Ive learnt while Ive been a pupil at our school.The three things are friendship，love and knowledge. The first group is my friends，and what Ive learnt is the importance of friendship.Weve worked hard together，weve even shared some difficult times together，but weve a

30、lso had a lot of fun.Many of us will go to new schools and we may not see each other so often in the future.Others will go on to senior high school and continue their close friendship.But friends dont have to see each other all the time.Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see

31、 less often.A life without old friends is like a day without sunshine.Well always stay in touch. The second group is our parents and grandparents.We thank you for the love you have shown us during our years at junior high school，for making a home where we feel both safe and relaxed，and where we can

32、prepare ourselves for our school days.We also thank you for your help with our homework. And finally，the third group is our teachers.We can never pay you back for your kindness，your patience，and the gift of knowledge which you have offered us；sometimes youve made us work very hard.But you have alway

33、s been fair and youll always be our role models. Theres a saying from lreland which is a favorite of mine: Strangers are only friends you havent met yet.I couldnt say it better myself.So from the bottom of my heart，I thank you all and wish you success in the future. 【文章大意】本文是一篇演讲稿。作者主要介绍了自己在校期间的三 样收

34、获：友谊、爱和知识，流露出作者对学校生活的不舍之情。 1_ made the speech. AA teacher BA student CA parent DA manager 【解析】细节理解题。从文章首句可推知，本文是一个学生的演讲稿 。 答案：_B_ 2The speaker says thanks to many people except _ Aparents Bfriends Cteachers Dastronauts 【解析】细节理解题。从文章四五六段首句可推知，作者在这篇演讲 稿里分别表达了对朋友、父母和祖父母及老师的感恩之情。 答案：_D_ 3The underlined

35、word “treasure” means _ in Chinese according to the passage. A财富 B珍藏 C珍惜 D宝藏 【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第四段第五、六句“But friends dont have to see each other all the time.Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see less often.”可知朋友并不用一直待在一起。有时候 你最珍惜的朋友(反而)是你见的次数较少的。 答案：_C_ 4Where do you think this

36、 speech is made? AIn a school. BIn a hospital. CIn a factory. DAt home. 【解析】推理判断题。这篇文章是一位学生写的，因此最有可能是在 学校完成的。 答案：_A_ 5What can we know according to the speech? AIf friends dont see each other all the time，they will be strangers. BParents cant help us with our homework. CWe can pay teachers back one

37、day. DStudents can learn friendship，love and knowledge at school. 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段第五、六句“But friends dont have to see each other all the time.Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see less often.”可知A项表述错误；根据文章第五段最后一句“We also thank you for your help with our homework.”可知B项表述错误；根

38、据文章倒数第二段第二句 “We can never pay you back for your kindness.”可知C项表述错误；根据文章第 三段最后一句“The three things are friendship，love and knowledge.”可知D项表 述正确。 答案：_D_ (2016，朝阳) Every time when I felt upset or sick，I liked to go to a special place where I could relax myself.It is the club.I joined the club 3 years ag

39、o.My sister recommended this place to me.They told me that I could find lots of fun there.Its near my house and our hospital.I usually stayed there for 2 or 3 hours and went home.I loved the club because I felt comfortable there! The club only allowed women to be members.I didnt worry about my priva

40、cy.The club was the biggest womens club in my country where there was a lot of space to do the different activities.You could see a beautiful warm water pool.You could find many big rooms behind the pool.There was a cold room，an exercise room，an MTV center，a massage center，and two restaurants. Every

41、one knew working in the hospital had many stresses.I needed to find a way to relax myself.Its the best choice for me.I often took a shower first and then swam for 20 minutes to relax myself.When I finished the exercise，I liked to watch a video and take a short sleep. Although it costs a lot of money

42、 to be a club member，I hope I can join the club again after I come back to my country. 1The underlined word means “_” in Chinese. A购买 B推荐 C宣传 D说明 2The writer wanted to _ when she went to the club. Amake friends Blearn singing Crelax herself Dbe a volunteer 3Whats the correct order to the writers act

43、ivities? watch a videotake a showertake a short sleep swim in the warm pool A B C D 4What cant you do in the club? ADo exercise. BGet a message service. CBuy clothes. DSwim in the pool. 5Which of the following is NOT true? AYou can eat meals in the club if you are hungry. BThe writer usually stayed

44、in the club for a whole day. CThe writer worked in a hospital. DIf you are a man，you cant join the club. 15.BCDCB 【文章大意】本文是一篇哲理故事。文章通过叶子和大树之间的对话 ，旨在告诉我们奉献的意义。 1The little leaf was told _ would throw her on the ground to die. Athe wind Bthe tree Cthe other leaves Dthe sky 【解析】细节理解题。从第二段首句可知，叶子告诉大树，风会把它 刮到地上，直至死亡。 答案：_A_ 4At the end of the story，we can know the litt