M5U1Grammar1

1、岳州中学高二年级英语导学案M5U1 Grammar1第1课时编制人新授课学生姓名小组名学习目标掌握不定式的用法重点难点在那些情况下用不带to的不定式学法指导1. 课前30分钟预习学案。找出自己的疑惑和需要讨论的问题，用红笔做好标记。2. 课上25分钟高效讨论展示答案3. 课上10-15分钟答疑解惑。4. 课后20分钟巩固学习学札记导学过程【自主学习】翻译下列句子，并说明不定式在句子中充当什么成分1.T0 do that sort of thing is foolish。(2.1 want to see you this evening(3. All you have to do is to f

2、inish it quickly. (4. We found a house to live in.(5.She came here to study En glish.()6. I warned the p atie nt not to drink cold water after the op erati on.(The tense and voice of the infinitive7态时态主动语态被动语态一般时(no t)to do(not) to be done进行时(not) to be doing无完成时(not) to have done(not) to have bee n

3、 done3_【合作探究】一、不定式做主语1.观察： Lear ning En glish is n ecessary.To go to a good uni versity is my dream.思考动名词和不定式做主语的区别即学即练:took us half an hour(save) money now is(save) money is necessary, butimpo ssible for me.2.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：(1) It is + adj./ n. ( + for sb. / sth.) + to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard,

4、 difficult, po ssible, i mportan t, i mpo ssible, n ecessary,good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 等。例如：It was impossiblethem( compi ete ) the task in such a short time.用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one sduty, one sjob, fun, joy, goodmanners, bad manners 等。例如：It is good mannersthe young( g

5、ive ) their seats to the old.It is our duty(p rotect ) the earth.(2)It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，女口： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite,impo lite, frien dly, foolish, clever 等。例如：It is foolishyou(thi nk )so.(3) It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.该句型意为 做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如:(ride

6、 ) to the tow n by bike.二、不定式作表语主语+系动词+不定式，其主语多为抽象名词(wish, aimeg: My wish is( be ) a scie ntist.三、不定式作宾语1.常接不定式做宾语的动词：lear n; agree; plan; ask; help; decide; want; fail; man age; exp ect; hope; wish; promise; offer; refuse; choose; afford ; would like1. I want to buy a compu ter.2. She hopes to find

7、 a better job.备注：help可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带 to的不定式2.it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语think/ find/ feel/ con sider/ make/ regard it adj/n. to doI finddifficult(learn ) English well.He feelshis duty( help) the poor.四、动词不定式作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )e.g. She asked me to help her.want; wish; exp ect; ask; help;tell; get; ord

8、er; pro mise;warn; cause; would like;备注：ho pe, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。改错： I hope you to have a happy birthday.五、作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：1).目的状语：可放于句首，也可放于句中，此时to=in order to，还可以用so as to代 替，只是 so as to不放于句首eg: He got up very early to catch the first train.备注：有时看到句子后面出现了have to, need等，一般可以判断句首用

9、不定式做目的状语。例如：(compi ete) the task on time, I had to stay up.2).原因状语：主语+系动词+adj.+ to doa. 不定式作原因状语主要用于表示表情与心理状态的动词或表语形容词；表示人对 某事某物的反应如何，有一种直觉感，常译作 因而”的说法。常见的这类表情心态形容词有(be) glad, happy, sorry, sad, worried, pl eased, satisfied,surprised, shocked, terrified, frightened, disappointed , anxious(忧虑),afraid

10、 等。I am happy to be your En glish teacher.b. sb+be动词+描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, imp olite, frien dly, foolish, clever 等，接不定式做原因状语You are silly( make) so many mistakes in the test 3).结果状语：主要用在enough to/too to/onl结构中。eg: The questi on is too difficult to an swer.He is old eno u

11、gh to look after himself.I hurried to the sup ermarket, only(find) it was closed.He hurried to the theatre, only(tell ) the tickets had bee n sold out.备注：下列形容词后常接不定式做结果状语：in teresti ng, difficult, easy, i mportant, po ssible, expen sive, dan gerous, useful.(而且此时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义)(an swer).eg: The que

12、sti on is easy _ He is difficult to teach.六、作定语不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后，不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系，主谓关系和修饰性关系.1) .动宾关系：(若是不及物动词，介词不能省略)I have a lot of work to do.Give me a pi ece of paper to write.I have no one to talk.PI ease find a chair to sit.2) .主谓关系：She is the best person to finish the work.Wom

13、e n and childre n were the first to get into the lifeboat.3) .修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词.ability,chanee, way, ,need, time, attempt, , decision, effort, failure, promise,right, courage, reas on, wish,eg： But she gave up the cha neeThere is no n eed for him_( go ) abroad. (come).He has no time to read the

14、 book.备注：下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one(leave ) the classroom last ni ght?附加：用不带to的不定式的情况：1. 使役动词(let,make, have)let sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth但是如果let与make用于被动语态，此时要接带to的不定式eg. The teacher often lets/makes/ has his stude nts

15、read aloud in class.=His stude nts is ofte n let/ madealoud in class2. 实义动词help可以接不带to的不定式，也可以接带to的不定式I ofte n help my mothersome housework.=I ofte n help my mother some housework.3. 感官动词(hear,see,watch,notice,observe,feel.)4. 在固定结构 had better (not) do ,would rather do,why not do, prefer to do rathe

16、r than do, would rather do than do后You had better get up at once.(变否定句)Why not(go ) swim ming this after noon?5.but翻译为“除了”，如果 but前面是动词do,则不定式不加to 注意，如果but前面不是动词do,则不定式要加toWe had nothi ng to do but( watch )TV.I have no choice but(wait ) here.【课堂检测】单句改错题：1. Is it n ecessary of him to retur n the book immediately?2.1 made him to rep eat what I had told him.3. To an swer correctly is more imp orta nt tha n finish quickly .4.1 saw her p icked up your book.5. She told me that she had decided n