2021_2022版高中英语Unit3LifeinthefutureLearningaboutLanguage学案新人教版必修5202103061201

1、Unit 3Life in the futureLearning about Language语法精讲探究学习过去分词作状语和定语观察上面对话, 并类比填空: 1. The physician highly thought (think) of by patients graduated from a famous university. 2. Asked (ask)about his address, the boy didnt respond. 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析, 过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性, 可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻

2、辑主语之间存在动宾关系, 表示被动和完成。一、过去分词作状语(一)意义作状语的过去分词具有副词的特性, 一般用于修饰谓语动词, 进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态, 即谓语所表示的动作发生时的背景状况。过去分词作状语时, 多表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。1. 过去分词作时间状语时, 可转换为when, while或after等引导的时间状语从句。*Offered help with his work (=When he was offered help with his work), he left moved and worked harder. 当别人主动提出帮助他工作时, 他感到感动并且更勤

3、奋工作。*When asked for his views about his teaching job, (=When Tom was asked his views about his teaching job), Tom said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 当被问到对教学工作的看法时, 汤姆说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。2. 过去分词作条件状语时, 可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。*Given another hour (=If I am given another hour), I can also

4、work out this problem. 如果再给我一个小时, 我也能把这道题算出来。*Given more attention(=If the little trees are given more attention), the little trees will grow better. 如果给予更多的关注, 这些小树会长得更好。3. 过去分词作原因状语时, 可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句, 这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。*Born in a poor family(=Because she was born in a poor family), Na

5、dia had only two years of schooling. 由于出生在贫寒家庭, 纳迪娅只上过两年学。Scolded (=As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head. 由于被老师批评了, 那个女孩低头坐在那儿。4. 过去分词作让步状语时, 可转换为although, though或even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。*Tired of such a long speech(=Although he was tired of such a long sp

6、eech), he continued listening to it until it was over. 尽管厌倦了这种冗长的演讲, 但是他一直听到演讲结束。*Warned of the danger (=Though he was warned of the danger), he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然被警告危险, 他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。5. 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时, 通常不能转换为状语从句, 但可用并列分句代替。*She walked out of the house, (and she was)followed by her

7、little daughter. 她走出房子, 后面跟着她小女儿。*(She was)Dressed in white, (and)she looked really pretty. 穿着白衣服, 她看起来确实很美。过去分词作时间、条件或让步状语时, 为了明确其意义有时可在过去分词前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although等连词, 即我们通常所说的状语从句的省略。【易混辨析】过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式作状语的区别: 过去分词作状语时, 多表示其动作与句子谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或存在。现在分词的完成被动式则表示其动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前。

8、例如: *Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache. 由于缺乏新鲜空气, 他头疼得厉害。 ( hit与get同时发生)*Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. 由于受到外部噪音的惊吓, 小女孩不敢在她的卧室里睡觉了。(frighten与dare not sleep同时发生)*Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest ha

9、rbour. 听到台风警报, 渔民们驾驶向最近的港口。(warn发生在sail之前)*Having been told many times, he finally understood it. 被告诉了很多次, 他终于明白了。(tell发生在understand之前) 语法填空。(1)(2018北京高考)Ordinary soap, used (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (2)Founded (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company event

10、ually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. (3)Ordered(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. (4)If accepted (accept)by the company, youll be informed soon. (5)Having been attacked(attack) several times, Jack still carried on following his dream. (二)过去分词的独立结构过去分词作状语时

11、, 有时在分词前加上自己的主语, 这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构, 过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语, 可表示时间、原因、条件等。*The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved(because their living conditions were greatly improved). 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高, 他们工作得更起劲了。*He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the black

12、board(and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard). 他上课专心听讲, 眼睛紧盯着黑板。*The task completed(When the task had been completed), he had two months leave. 任务完成以后, 他休了两个月的假。(1)用独立主格改写句子。Because all flights were canceled, they had to come by bus. All flights canceled, they had to come by bus. Since all things

13、 are considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. All things considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. Because her attention was paid to the lonely children, she didnt notice what was going on around her. Her attention paid to the lonely children, she didnt notice what

14、 was going on around her. (2)单句改错。Much time is spent sitting at a desk, some students are suffering from health problems. (去掉are或some前加so)二、过去分词作定语(一)意义作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词, 其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语, 既表被动又表完成; 不及物动词的过去分词作定语, 只表完成。*(2018全国卷) When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen

15、bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low-fat “ice cream”. 当与浆果或其他水果切片相混合时, 冷冻香蕉是一个很好的基础, 用于制作浓稠的、凉爽的水果奶昔和低脂肪的“冰淇淋”。*Have you ever visited the bridge built by that famous architect? 你曾经看过那位著名建筑师建的桥梁吗? (二)与被修饰部分的位置1. 一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。*All

16、 the fallen leaves have been swept away by a strong wind. 所有的落叶被一阵强风刮走了。2. 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语, 即放在被修饰词之后。The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们的朋友举办的音乐会很成功。3. 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。*The house, surrounded by lots of trees, is hardly seen in the distance.

17、 被很多树环绕着, 在远处几乎看不到这座房子。语法填空。(1)(2019天津高考)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally. (2)(2018全国卷) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published(publish) in 2014. (3)Jim has retired, but he still reme

18、mbers the happy time spent (spend)with his students. (4)Google initially used the data collected (collect)from users to target advertising better. (5)(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding(surround) the mountain tops. 课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. The play perf

19、ormed (perform) last night was written by Shakespeare. 2. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden (hide) within the work. 3. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used (use) in daily conversations. 4. The next morning I carried in my hand a small net

20、 used(use) for catching fish. 5. This is very expensive compared with the last one I bought(buy). 6. The computer center, opened (open) in 2015, is intended to help the researchers. 7. Beaten(beat) by the opposite team, we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other. 8. Lost(lose) in the forest, you

21、should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come. 9. Trapped(trap) in the burning building for half an hour, the little boy was finally saved by the local police. 10. Seen(see) from the hill , the city looks beautiful. . 单句改错1. Settling in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an e

22、nd. (SettlingSettled)2. The government decided to rebuild the damaging bridge. (damagingdamaged)3. Seeing from the top of the tower, the city looks more beautiful. (SeeingSeen)4. Most of the guests inviting to my birthday party were my school friends. (invitinginvited)5. The house was built 100 year

23、s ago stood still after the earthquake. (去掉was)6. It rained non-stop for ten days, completely ruined our holiday. (ruinedruining)7. Encouraging by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. (EncouragingEncouraged)8. Founding in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous u

24、niversities in the United States. (Founding Founded)9. Im calling to enquire about the position advertising in China Daily yesterday. (advertisingadvertised)10. Their homework finishing, the children went to play football. (finishingfinished)语篇填空(用所给词的非谓语形式填空)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and well 1. decorated (decorate) hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction. So it was