完成时态知识点全解

1、星火教育一对一辅导教案学生姓名性别年级学科授课教师上课时间教学课题教学目标完成时态的学习教学重点 与难点延续性动词，时态的正确使用，句型转换教学过程 现在完成时1,结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词例句：I have eaten an apple.否定：疑问句：答句：肯定/否定2,使用情况：第一种情况：动作在过去发生，对现在产生影响。I have lost my keys, so I can go home now.过去丢了钥匙，但对现在造成了影响回不了家。又如： He has caught a bad cold.He cago to school.第二种情况，动作从过去开始发生，并一

2、直持续到现在，并且很有可能继续持续下去。常和fo叶时间段/since+过去时间点（词组或从句）连用等时间状语。常用在完成时中的时间状语：recently, already, yet，so far，until now, by now, ever。辨析以下几组词汇：just no w/just, i n the past/i n the past few years,already/yetJust常和完成时连用，just now表刚才，应用一般过去时。例句：I drank a glass of beer just now.I have just drunk a glass of beer.（jus

3、t 般位于 have, has和过去分词之间）In the past在过去的某个时间点，和过去时连用，in the past few years是过去的几年里，是时间段 例句： I was a teacher in the pastI have bee n a teacher in the past few years.already表已经，位置比较灵活：I have eate n the cake already.I have already eate n the cake.yet既可以翻译为已经，也可以翻译为还没 在填空时需要注意辨别两个中文意义：Have you found your k

4、eys（已经）？For+时间段：A I have taught English for 5 years.（时间段）例句 A 若改为 si nee：自从 引导：I have taught En glish since 5 years ago.两句表达的意义相同，使用方式却不一样，si nee和for可以互相转化，只需要将时间段和时间点改 变。Since的用法：Since也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl.这种情况下的时态选择为：（主句现完，从句一般过）再如：James has been a doct

5、or since he graduated from the university.需要注意的是，表达某事持续多长时间：“ it is +段时间+since从句”时态选择为：主句一般现在时，从句一般过去时例: It is two hours since the meeting began.翻译该句子：Lucy离开家已经一个礼拜了。（出去旅游了）句子中有明确一段时间，或暗示是一段时间段时，句子中谓语动词必须使用延续性动词，而不是 非延续性动词。非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。瞬间动词一般的延续性形式完成时的延续性形式leavebe awayhave/has bee n awaybegin/sta

6、rt/put onbe onhave/has bee n onturn off - turn onbe off - be onhave/has bee n offend/finishbe overhave/has bee n overbuyhavehave/has hadborrowkeephave/has keptdiebe deadhave/has bee n deadget to knowknowhave/has knowncome/go+介词be+介 词have/has bee n介词open/closebe ope n/closedhave/has bee n ope n/close

7、djoi n/take part inbe in+组织/be a member of+组织have/has bee n in组织 / have/has bee n a member o组织becomebehave/has bee nget marriedbe marriedhave/has bee n marriedfall asleepbe asleephave/has bee n asleepcatch a coldhave a coldhave/has had a coldget used tobe used tohave/has bee n used to例：I have bought

8、 a book for ten daysXI have had a book for ten days. V练习：翻译下列句子：1, 我已经结婚六年了。2, Lucy的妹妹已经感冒很久了。3, 把电视音量调小，宝宝已经睡着了。【注意】1, 忌处处都用延续性动词。句子中有明显的时间段时，才需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。女口： I have bought a new book.I have had this book for 2 mon ths.2, 不只是完成时态中需要延续性动词，下面这两种也经常考： 我能借这本书多久？How long can I borrow the book?xHow

9、long can I keep the book?/请在我离开的那段时间照顾狗。Please look after my dog whe n I leaveXPlease look after my dog while I am away/3, 短暂性动词的否定形式可以看做是延续性动词例：We have nt met since three years ago.【注意】Have bee n to ,have gone to , have bee n in的区另 have gone to:在去某地的路上，或者已经离开了出发地，或者已经到了目的地，总之已经离开了说话者的位置，还没回来。在上表可知，

10、由于go是短暂性动词，故该词组使用时，不可以和时间段的词组连用。如：James has gone to New York with his family表示James已经出发离开，或者到了纽约，或者在去 纽约的路上，还没回来。如：I have gone to Shanghai for two daysX 这种表达就是错误的。 Have bee n to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来，或者已经去了其他地方，总之已经离开了。强调人的过往经历，常和次数连用。如: I have been to the Great Britain for three times.注意：0次也是次数！例：I have ne

11、verUSA .(been to/gone to/been in)从没去过，隐藏了去了 0次的意义。 have bee n in:还待在句中提到的位置，小地点可用at。通常会和一段时间连用。如：Mr. Smith has been in this school for twenty yearS寺了 20 年，现在还在这个学校。练习：注意，不要学了完成时后，处处都用完成时态。过去时和完成时的区别：1，有明确的过去时间状语，女口 yesterday, last mon th, a few days ag等。观察以下填空题：例：We have to repair the win dow because a strong wi nd(break) it.如改为：We have to repair the win dow today,because a strong wi