综合教程第二册练习答案-unit-6-the-diary-of-the-unknown-soldier

1、Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierText comprehensionI. B.II. 1.T;2. F;3. F;4. T;5. F.III.1. because he felt that all of them had been somewhat fooled. They were totally unprepared for the cruelty of the war and the immensity of its killing power. “They all came herewith an airof confidence and

2、eagerness, ready to win,” but what awaited them was “a one-way ticket to death.”2. He wrote his first entry when his regiment was in London to protect the city from Nazis air raids; his second one when his group of soldiers had journeyed to a small European town untouched by warfare; and the last on

3、e when their secret location was discovered by Nazi troops and he faced approaching death.3. It was his wish to come home alive to see his family. This is mentioned in all the three entries: “I must go on living this nightmare, if not for myself or my country, then for my family back home. I want my

4、 children to have a father.” “wondering yet again if I would ever see my family.9I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes!” “I wish, with all mysoul, that I could be home now I am thinking of my daughters faces I will always remember their faces”4. He would tell them that t

5、hose soldiers died bravely in an effort to save their countries from turmoil and make the children feel that their fathers made a difference.5. He felt disgusted at the cruelty of the war, questioned the judgment of human beings who started the war and felt enraged at killing innocent lives and dest

6、roying whole countries.IV.1. Although my stories about their fathers death might not relieve their sadness, they will enable the children to see the extraordinary significance of their fathers contribution.2. I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “We cant afford to fig

7、ht even one war.”Structural analysis of the textDiary writingfollows the flow of the writers thoughts. Itis usually “structured” by the authors free associations.1. What do the three entries of the diary have in common?Two thematic topics in common, the horrible scenes of the war and the writers str

8、ong love for, and emotional attachment to his family.2. How are the particular situations related to the common thematic topics?Firstly, the writer describes his thought and fear under German air raids, which led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems of his family.Secondly, the writer

9、 describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition in a small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.Thirdly, it was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death. The writers only wish was that someone could retu

10、rn the diary to his family.Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart One. VocabularyI.Phrase1. no more than = only只是，仅仅2. strikes a painful note in my head = makes me feel painful3. more blood has been shed = Further casualties have been caused4. word has it that = it is said that 5. with an air of

11、= appearing full of, radiating带着的样子，带着的神情II.1. running;2. tucked;3. inspected;4. taken precautions;5. with an air of;6. adventurous;7. enraged;8. panicked.III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. The collar of his jacket had beenstiffened(stiff) with an extra layer of

12、 cloth.2. An interpreters job is such a responsible one that he cant afford anyerrors(err).3. Opening my letter was an inexcusableinvasion(invade) of privacy.4. Dont rely on the information she gave youits pureassumption(assume) on her part.5. He protested hisinnocence(innocent) loudly as they dragg

13、ed him off to prison.6. This is a really toughassignment(assign) and I believe youre the only person who can handle it.7. The force of theexplosion(explode) had broken all the windows of the houses in the vicinity of the vehicle.8. The police have issued adescription(describe) of the two men who wer

14、e seen running away from the scene of the crime.1.stiffa.僵直的；生硬的，拘谨的stiffenv.使坚硬stiffnessn.僵硬；硬度e.g.他因为害怕而身体发僵。His body stiffened in fear.2.errv.犯错，做错errorn.错误，误差；过失e.g.她错在对他撒谎。She erred in lying to him.3.invadev.侵略；侵害invadern.侵略者invasionn.侵入，侵略e.g.这个城市涌进了大量的农民。The town was invaded by farmers.入侵者把村镇

15、变为废墟。The invaders laid towns and villages in ruins.4.assumev.假定，设想；承担；认为assumingconj.假定，假如assumptionn.假定，设想e.g.我以为你能讲流利的英语。I assumed you could speak English fluently.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?5.innocenta.清白的，无辜的；天真的，无知的innocencen.无罪；无知，天真无邪innocentlyad.无罪地；纯洁地e.

16、g.他声称自己是无罪的。.He declared that he was innocent.他声称自己无罪。He declared his innocence.6.assignv.分配，指派，指定assignationn.分配，指定；委托，转让assignmentn.分配；作业，任务e.g.所有的职工都分到了合适的工作。.All the staff are assigned to suitable jobs.你不能在两小时内将功课做完。You cant finish the assignment in two hours.7.explodev.爆炸explosionn.爆炸；爆发，激增expl

17、osivea.爆炸（性）的e.g.炸弹选在人最多时爆炸。.The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.某些气体十分易爆。Certain gasses are highly explosive.8.describen.描述descriptionn.描写，描述descriptivea.描述的，叙述的e.g.老师问学生：“你能描述一下这幅画吗？”The teacher asks his student, “Can you describe this picture?”那女孩对这幅画作了一番生动的描述。The girl gave a vivid

18、 description of the picture.IV.1. B;2. D;3. C;4. D;5. C;6. B;7. C;8. A.V. Synonym / Antonym. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. My heart aches every moment because everywhere I look I seepilesof rubble where houses used to stand and lifele

19、ss bodies that once moved around with the joy of life inside them.Synonym: heaps, stacks2. It is as if I have stared into deaths eyes and seen itshatred, its coldness.Antonym: love, kindness3. I sufferedminorhead injuries, but the rest of my platoon wasnt so fortunate.Synonym: small, lesser4. They a

20、re experiencing tough times too, with the foodshortageproblems and all.Antonym:surplus, abundance, plenty5. War just creates more problems; something everysensibleperson knows.Synonym: reasonable, rational6.My situation isgrimand the odds of winning, or even surviving, seem unlikely.Synonym: terribl

21、e, desperate7. I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes! I am not a man made for war, nor am I anadventurousperson.Synonym: bold, brave8.One night, as I performed myroutinewatch, I passed a young girl of no more than twelve or thirteen, who was walking home.Synonym: regular

22、, usualVI.Prefix/ suffix. Write in each space the meaning of each given word.1. offsetbalance2. outdodefeat3. overtakecatch up and pass4. underlineemphasize5. upholdsupport6. withstandbear7. downplaylessen8. forestallprevent1. Explanation:off-: not on, away frome.g. offload, offshoot2. Explanation:o

23、ut-: greater, better, etc.e.g. outgrow, outlive, outflow3.Explanation:over-: more than usual, too muche.g. overcook, overdo, overdraw, overeat4. Explanation:under-: belowe.g. undercharge, undercut, undergo, underlie5. Explanation:up-: upwardse.g. upsurge, upstart, upturn, upswing6. Explanation:with-

24、: in opposition to, againste.g. withdraw, withhold, within7. Explanation:down-: lower, smaller, etc.e.g. downfall, downsize, download, downshift, downturn8. Explanation:fore-: before, in advancee.g. forecast, foretell, foretaste, foreseeIIGrammar Exercises1.QuestionsIn terms of syntactic structure a

25、nd communicative function, questions (also interrogative sentences) fall into four major types:general question (yes-no question), special question, alternative question and tag question.Special questions, also known as wh-questions, are generally introduced by wh-words such as what,when,where,which

26、,who,whom,whose,why, etc. The wh-word marks the focus of information to be asked about.Special questions may be in normal order or in inverted order. When the wh-word functions as subject or part of the subject, the question is in normal order. If, on the other hand, the wh-word is not used as subje

27、ct, the question is in inverted order.My name isLynne.What is your name?(object)The party ison Tuesday.When is the party?(time)Im fromEngland.Where are you from?(place, location)The red caris mine.Which is your car? (one of many)ImLynne.Who are you?(people)Itsmine.Whose is this web site?(possession)

28、I did itbecause I was angry!Why did you do it? (reason)I like itvery much.How do you like it? (way something is done)Page 110I.How big / Who / What / How often / Why / What.II.1. what did you do on Friday?2. What time did you get up?3. Did you have breakfast?4. Whos Mary?5. Where did you first meet

29、her?6. What does she do?7. Where does she live?8. Whats she like?9. Do you often see her?10. Why did she come to you on Friday morning?2. Object clauseObject clause is mostly used in reported speech after certain verbs to report peoples words, thoughts, questions and statements.When reporting a stat

30、ement, if the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in reported speech; if the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in reported speech and if the sentence containsan expression of time, it must be changed as well.e.g. Susan: “Iworkin an office.” S

31、usansaysthat sheworksin an office.Susan: “Iworkin an officenow.” Susansaidthat sheworkedin an officethen.When reportinga yes-no question, eitheriforwhetheris usedto introduce the clause; when reporting a wh-question, the same wh-word is used to introduce the clause. Note that the usual word order wh

32、en reporting a question is the one that is used in a statement (the subject-verb order). And if the sentence starts in the past, dont forget the backshift of tenses and the change of the expression of time.e.g. Liz wanted to knowwhether / ifwe had any photos of our holiday.We didnt know why the shop

33、 was shut down. (not why was the shop shut down)Page 111III.1. she has gone2. when she will be back3. if she went out aloneIV.1. a. It signals that rain is expected by the speaker.b. It suggests that the speaker does not expect it to rain.2. a. It is more emphatic.b. It is more formal. The speaker i

34、s probably losing patience with the listener.3. a. It is used to express doubt or uncertainty.b. It is used to seek confirmation from the listener and the speaker expects agreement.4. a. The speaker expects that the listener has carried out the action.b. The speaker may be displeased or annoyed that

35、 the action was performed.5. a is more polite than b.6. a is quite friendly while b conveys a bit irritation.7. a. With a rising tone, the tag question is used to verify or check information that we think is true or to check information that we arent sure is true.b. When we are trying to be sarcasti

36、c, or to make a strong point, we use the tag question with a falling tone.8. a. The non-polarized tag question is used for special effect, such as sarcasm, disbelief, shock, anger, concern, etc.b. The polarized tag question is used to verify or check information.Page 113Part Three. Translation exerc

37、isesI.1.我所到之处满目疮痍，楼房夷为瓦砾，活人成了死尸，生命的欢乐已然封存在一具具尸体之内，这一切时时刻刻都在刺痛着我的心。2.当然，我也和他们一样，但是自上一个进攻日以后，我的想法改变了。当时我们团的任务是保卫伦敦。3.倘若我能回国，我发誓一定要让这些战士英名长存，我要告诉他们的家人；他们为了保卫祖国，使之免遭劫难，英勇地献出了自己的生命。4.虽说人非圣贤，都有过错，但是滥杀无辜，毁人国土，实在是天理难容！II.1. Our group was assigned to decorate the garden while the others were preparing the fo

38、od in the kitchen.2.那位年轻人在战场上意外地遇到失散已久的兄弟，惊喜不已。（out of the blue）Translation:On the battlefield the young man was delighted to meet a long-lost brother who came out of the blue.3. Who has used up the milk? There is none to put in my coffee.4. Rumor has it that this painting is fake and that the origi

39、nal one was stolen three years ago.5.你单枪匹马也许不能改变什么，但是我们大家一起努力，我们国家的面貌就会大不相同。（make a difference）Translation:One person may not be able to change much, but working together well be able to make great difference to our country.6. Many burglaries took place because the owners failed to take the precauti

40、on of locking their doors and windows.7.为了避免爆发内战，这位部长飞到前线，和暴乱分子谈判。（in an effort to）Translation:The minister flew to the front to negotiate with the rioters in an effort to prevent a civil war.8.我看到你们在晚会上谈话，所以以为你们互相认识。（assume）Translation:I assumed you knew each other because I saw you talking with ea

41、ch other at the party.Page 114IV Exercises for integrated skills1. DictationMy Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four words. / “Only three more days!” / TheForeign Office was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me. / I had to get my passport and official permissi

42、on / to leave on December 5. /There was one other thing to do. / For weeks I had thought over / how to get my diariessafely out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get me hanged. /The morning I got my passport and exi

43、t visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / tofigure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / I again thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. / Suddenly, later that morning, / the solution became clear. / It was risky, / but it was worth a tr

44、y. /2. ClozeThe plane did not frighten Kaz. For (1)onething, Hiroshima had gone almost untouched by the air war. For another, Kaz had been born in California, and although her father had returned to Japan while she was still (2)indiapers, she liked to tell people she was the American in the family.

45、She even felt a kind of distant kinship (3)withthe B-29s that flew regularly overhead, bound north (4)forTokyo and other targets. She waved at the plane. “Hi, angel!” she called.A white spot appeared in the sky, as small and innocent-looking (5)asa scrap of paper. It was falling away (6)fromthe plan

46、e, drifting down toward them. The journey took 43 seconds.The air exploded in blinding light and color, the rays shooting outward as in a childs drawing of the sun, and Kaz was thrown to the ground so violently (7)thather two front teeth broke off; she had sunk (8)intounconsciousness. Kazs father ha

47、d been out back tending the vegetables, in his undershorts. When he came staggering out of the garden, blood was running from his nose and mouth. (9)Bythe next day, the exposed parts of his body would turn a chocolate brown. What had been the finest house (10)inthe neighborhood came crashing down.Pa

48、ge 115VIWriting PracticeParagraph development Cause and effectCause and effect is a natural strategy to develop a paragraph. For much of the time that we spend thinking and trying to understand the world around us, we are exploring for certain causal relationships between things (events, conditions,

49、 situations etc.) present, past, and future. Correspondingly, such a cause-and-effect thinking mode is found everywhere in writing of most types.When we plan a cause-and-effect paragraph, we need to distinguishprimary effectsfrom secondary effects,long-term effectsfromshort-term effects. It is somet

50、imes also necessary to tellimmediate or direct causesapart fromunderlying or indirect causes. In some writing situations, we have to differentiatenecessary causes,sufficient causesandcontributory ones. Between any two causes there may bea causal relationshiptoo, and that is also true between any two

51、 effects of a cause.Sometimes we need to arrange the different causes or effects chronologically; sometimes we may find it more appropriate to sequence them according to their relative importance; and for some other paragraphs, we have to categorize all the causes or effects. It is mostly determined

52、 by the nature of the relationship between them.Most cause-and-effect paragraphs take either the effect paragraph form or the cause paragraph form.The usual form of the cause paragraph:1. begins with a statement of the effect;2. explains the causes of that effect;3. concludes with what has caused th

53、e effect.The usual form of the effect paragraph:1. begins with a statement of the cause;2. discusses the effects of the cause;3. concludes with a statement of the direct relationship between the cause and the effects.Words and expressions that often come up in cause-and-effect paragraphs include:res

54、ult in, result from, as a result, because, due to, lead to, therefore, consequently, thus, above all, primarily, equally important, first, second, last (but not least), undoubtedly, probably, unquestionably,etc.Exercises: Now write two separate paragraphs based on the following two topic sentences w

55、ith the cause-effect strategy.1. The rate of teenage nearsightedness is much higher in China than in most other countries.Ideas for reference:Chinese children are compelled to spend so much more time doing schoolwork than children in other countries.Long-standing Chinese culture favors femininity over masculinity.To most Chinese parents, their kids possible eye problem is not a real health issue.Sample:The rate of teenage nearsightedness is much higher in