初中英语非谓语动词之不定式教案

1、 中小学1对1课外辅导专家龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义 教师： * 学生： * 日期: 2013 年 3 月 31 日 星期： 日 时段： 13点-15点课 题非谓语动词不定式教学目标讲解非谓语动词之一动词不定式，逐渐了解非谓语动词重点、难点不定式的语法功能、不带to的不定式、与疑问词的连用以及不定式的常用句型考点及考试要求不定式在单选和词语正确形式题中的运用教学内容 非谓语动词之不定式一、不定式的语法功能：1、 作主语：如：to finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.= it is very hard to finish the work in

2、ten minutes.十分钟内完成工作很难。 to lose your heart means failure.= it means failure to lose your heart. 失去信心就意味着失败。2、作表语，表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等：如：her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。 he seems to know everything about this matter. 他似乎对这件事什么都知道。3、作宾语： 常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有： want, hope, wish, ask, (would) like, offer,

3、 fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, (would)prefer. 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正不定式（宾语）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。如：he found it important to study english. 他发现学习英语很重要。 i have no choice but to stay here. 除了呆在这儿我没有别的选择。 he did nothing last sunday but to repair his bike.4、作宾语补足语，用以说明宾

4、语的性质、身份、特征和行为等情况： 如下动词常跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语： want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, invite, call on, wait for. 如：i told jeff to give up his bad habits, but he wouldnt listen. 我告诉杰夫让他改掉坏习惯，但他不听。5、作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，与所修饰名词有如下关系：（a）动宾关系：如：i hav

5、e some friends to invite. 我要邀请几个朋友。注意：（1）不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。 如：he found a good house to live in. 他发现一个可以住的好房子。 the child has nothing to worry about. 孩子没有什么可担心的。（2）如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词： 如：he has no place to live. 他没有住的地方。（b）说明所修饰名词的内容：如：we have made a plan to finish the work

6、. 我们有一个完成这项工作的计划。（c）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：如：he is the first to get there. 他是第一个到那的。6、作状语：（a）表目的：如：he worked day and night to get the money. 他日夜工作来赚钱。 to prepare for the coming examination, he studied hard these days 为了准备即将到来的考试，他这些天学习很努力。(b)表结果：如：he arrived late to find the train gone. 他到晚了结果发现火车开走了。 常用only

7、放在不定式前表示强调：如：nell went away only to leave his two children by themselves.内尔走了，结果只留下了两个孩子。(c) 表原因，这种原因状语往往跟在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾”等形容词之后，说明之所以产生这些 情绪的原因。如：they were very sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息他们非常伤心。(d) 表程度：如：its too dark for us to see anything. 天太黑了，我们什么也看不见。 the question is simple for him to answ

8、er. 这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。7、作独立成分：如：to tell you the truth, we dont want to have you. 实话告诉你吧，我们不想和你在一起。8、不定式的并列，第二个不定式可省略to：如：he wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他想学医并成为一名医生。二、不带to的不定式1、使役动词：let (让), make（使）, have（使） 感官动词：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等，跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但改为被

9、动句时，不定式前应加上to。如：they heard her sing in the next room. 他们听见她在隔壁唱歌。 she was heard to sing in the next room. （被动句） help后面的不定式作宾语补足语，可以带to也可能不带to。如：you must help me do the cooking this afternoon. 你今天下午必须帮我做饭。 she helped her parents to clean the house. 她帮助父母打扫房屋。2、不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。如：what he

10、did was lose the game. 他所做的就是输掉了比赛。3、句中含有动词do时，but, except, besides, such as等后面to可省略。如：dont do anything silly, such as marry him. 不要做任何蠢事了，比如说和他结婚。4、句中含有不定式， 后面有rather than, rather than后省略to。如：如：id prefer to stay here rather than go there. 我宁愿呆在这儿也不愿意去那儿。5、why not 后，动词不定式中的to应省略。如：why not play footb

11、all? 怎么不踢足球呢？ id like to, but i have to finish my homework first. 我想去，但我得先将作业做完。三、动词不定式与疑问词的连用 不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where连用，构成不定式短语，在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。1、作主语：如：what to do is a big problem. 做什么是个大问题。 where to begin is what i want to know. 从哪儿开始是我想知道的（问题）。2、作宾语：如：i know how to use th

12、e computer. 我知道如何使用计算机。 i didnt find out when to leave. 我不清楚何时出发。3、作宾语补足语：如：liu di asked her when to start. 柳迪问她什么时候开始。 he taught me how to read it. 他教过我如何读它。4、作表语：如：the question is how to get there. 问题是如何到达那儿。 the difficulty was when to start. 困难是何时动身呢。注意：“疑问词+不定式”作宾语和宾语补足语时，常与下列动词连用：know, show, te

13、ach, tell, find out, learn, decide, forget等。有时疑问词前可用介词。如：i have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。四、不定式的常用句型1. its time to do sth.=its time for sth. “是做的时候了”2. theres no (time) to do sth. “没有（时间）做某事”3. it takes sb. some time to do sth. “某人花费多少时间做某事”4. be +形容词 + enough to do sth. “足够做某事”5. be+too+形容

14、词+to do sth. “太不能做某事”6. be ready +to do sth. “准备做某事” “7. its +形容词+for sb./of sb. +to do sth. “对于某人来说做某事（怎么样） ”8. be afraid to do sth “不敢做某事”9. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿也不愿”10. would like to do sth. 与would love to do sth. 常用于口语中，表示“喜欢”11.had better do sth. （不带to的不定式）“最好”12. will/would

15、 you please (not) do sth. “请你（不要）做好吗？”13. had/would rather (than) (不带to的不定式) “宁愿， 宁可”14. why not do sth = why dont you do sth “为什么不做某事”15. prefer to do rather than do “宁愿也不愿”练习一、单项选择：1. _ is difficult to work out the maths problem. a. thisb. thatc. itd. its2. we decided _ at the end of this month. a

16、. travelb. not start outc. to leaved. going3. they have no paper_. a. to writeb. to write withc. write ond .to write on4. let him _ a rest. i think he must be tired after the long walk. a. hasb. havec. to haved. having5. _the computer is a problem. a. how to use b. what to use c. where to used. whic

17、h to use6. the teacher told us _in bed. a. dont readb. read notc. to not readd. not to read7. the old man was _angry _ say a word. a. so, thatb. as, asc. too, tod. very, to8. why _home tomorrow? a. not gob. not goingc. not to god. didnt go9. the tv set is too loud. will you please _? a. turn down it

18、 b. turn it downc. to turn it down d. to turn down it10. its cold outside. you had better _ your coat. a. to put onb. putting onc. puts ond. put on二、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空：1. im going to listen to the radio. please _（not talk）any more.2. ill tell him about it when he _（come）back.3. he _（watch）tv once a week

19、.4.he asked me _（help）him with his english this evening.5. their work is _（clean）the streets.6. did he enjoy _（work）in china.7. we will stay at home if it _（rain）tomorrow.8. _ you _ your homework yet（start）？9. who _（teach）them english last term.10. there _（be）a telephone call for you just now.11. yo

20、u _（have）better _（not eat）the bad food.12. we found it was very difficult _（get）a car.13. mrs. green hates _（travel）by air.14. we are too tired. lets stop _（have）a good rest.15. its very nice of you _（say）so.16. what would you like _（have）for supper？17. its time for class. all the children stopped _

21、（play）football.18. did he catch the bus or _（miss）it last night.19. dont stop _（have）a rest before you finish doing your work.20. give me some water _（drink）.21. he has no house _（live）.22. i went there _（see）him.23. he works hard _（pass）the exam.24. im sorry _（have）kept you waiting.25. he lived _（s

22、ee）his son a great man.26. this is too difficult _（understand）.27. english is not easy _（learn）.28. the picture had better _（not be）put up on the wall.29. the room is large enough for 100 people _（have）a meeting in.30. we _（start）at eight if it _（stop）raining by that time.31. a dog was found _（lie）o

23、n the found.32. a dog was found _（die）on the ground.33. i real led that i _（meet）him somewhere before.34. it took half an hour _(get) to the world park from kittys school.35. it was interesting _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.36. they want _(save) time by using shorter word

24、s and phrases. 37. kittys classmate daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page.38. things _(do) in beijing39. he put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at.40. help him _(put) the photos in the correct order.41. he made the girl _(cry) yesterday.42. its time for class. please stop _(talk).43. i

25、d like _(go) to the temple of heaven.三、根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词： 1. he was so angry that he couldnt say anything. he was too angry _ _ anything. 2. i dont know when we will have the meeting. i dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. he said he would write a letter. he said he would have a letter _ _. 4. he was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） he was strong _ _ _ the stone. 5. they got up early so that they c