Lecture-14-15-被动态课件

1、Lecture-14-15-被动态,1,Lecture 14-15 Passive Voice,被动态,Lecture-14-15-被动态,2,Active or passive voice,Generally, passive voice should be used in English academic writing, because the use of passive voice can create an impression of objectivity and to put emphasis on facts rather than on scientists or the

2、writers of academic works.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,3,The active voice appears more direct and concise, and it can make our writing appear more vigorous and confident. The passive voice may sound clumsy, plodding or overly cautious in contrast.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,4,Passive voice can be useful to writers. Fo

3、r example, passive voice is effective when you want to stress what was done rather than who did it, as in the sentence, Darwins The Origin of Species was published in 1859. Passive voice is also useful when you want to avoid accountability - thats why embarrassed politicians report that funds were f

4、ound to be missing rather than I stole the money. Passive voice is also useful for adding variety, softening commands, avoiding embarrassment and slowing the pace of writing and reading.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,5,Passive voice verbs are widely used in scientific writing and that passive voice verbs are ge

5、nerally used appropriately, primarily for presenting objective information.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,6,Rhodes (1997) reveals that the incidence of passive voice verbs was greatest in the most object-oriented field (chemistry/physics), second highest in a somewhat less object-oriented field (botany), and lo

6、west in the least object-oriented field (psychology).,Lecture-14-15-被动态,7,Generally, passive structures are more appropriate for expository purposes (describing procedures and presenting data) and active structures for argumentative purposes (Riley, 1991).,Lecture-14-15-被动态,8,They built the house in

7、 1968. The house was built in 1968. You are to leave the bag here. The bag is to be left here. People proved him wrong. He was proved wrong.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,9,People think that he is coming. It is thought that he is coming. He is thought to be coming. (non-finite passive) People expect that electr

8、icity supply will be adequate next year. It is expected that electricity supply will be adequate next year. Electricity supply is expected to be adequate next year.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,10,I have taken careful note of your remarks. Careful note has been taken of your remarks. Your remarks have been tak

9、en careful note of. We must take full advantage of the excellent situation both at home and abroad. Full advantage must be taken of the excellent situation both at home and abroad. The excellent situation must be taken full advantage of both at home and abroad.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,11,She could see her

10、self in the mirror. He lacks confidence. When will the football match take place? They have four children and a nice apartment. We could hardly see each other in the fog.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,12,Passive Voice,1. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态 英语中有些动词（动词短语）不是表示动作，而是表示某种状态或情况，有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺少、明白”等意思，这类动词不能用于被动语态，常见的有：lack

11、, fit, mean, hold, resemble, have, cost, equal, contain, suit, comprise, become, last, possess, benefit, befall, fail, consist of, look like等。,Lecture-14-15-被动态,13,E.g. The book costs ten dollars. Whats become of her? Jane resembles her mother.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,14,2. 某些动词的进行时也可以表示被动的意义，常见的这类词包括：bak

12、e, owe, brew, cook, print, bind, do等。,Lecture-14-15-被动态,15,E.g. The meat is cooking. The cakes are baking. The tea is brewing. The book is printing. Apples are selling cheaply. The cow was milking. The eggs are frying. Drums and gongs are beating.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,16,3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词 （1）某些感官动词和系动词加形

13、容词可以表示被动的意思，如look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound 等。 E.g. The flowers smells sweet. The cloth feels very soft. The dish tastes delicious.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,17,（2）某些及物动词后面加副词也可以表示被动的意思，如: wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot, split, strike, record, act, clean

14、, draw, iron, keep, photograph等。,Lecture-14-15-被动态,18,E.g. This type of recorder sells well. That kind of shirt washes very well. Ripe apples peel easily. This play wont act. The flat lets for 60 yuan a month. The novel reads well. The door opens with difficulty. The wood wont burn. He does not phot

15、ograph.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,19,The box doesnt lock. The box was not locked. The door opened. The door was opened. The theory proved to be correct. The theory was proved to be correct.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,20,（3）want, deserve, need, require, stand, take, wont bear, worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。 E.g. The b

16、ook is worth reading. This point deserves mentioning. The coat requires mending. The children need looking after. The table wants cleaning. The rule will take some learning. That wont bear thinking of.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,21,（4）某些作表语的形容词后面可以用不定式主动形式表示被动的意思。 E.g. The rock is hard to break. She is easy

17、to approach. The fish is not fit to eat. He is hard to please. The passage is difficult to read.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,22,4. 被动结构 with) She was killed _ a sword. The house was destroyed _ fire. (with; by) She was seized _ a man. She was seized _ a fever. (by/with),Lecture-14-15-被动态,31,6. 祈使句的被动语态 肯定祈使句的

18、被动语态结构为： let +宾语+be+过去分词; 否定祈使句的结构为： dont let +宾语+be+过去分词 或者：let +宾语+not be done,Lecture-14-15-被动态,32,E.g. Let us do it at once Let it be done at once. Move the table into the corridor. Let the table be moved into the corridor. Dont trust her. Dont let her be trusted./ Let her not be trusted. Dont f

19、orget to water the flower. Let it not be forgotten to water the flower/ Dont let the flower be forgotten to be watered.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,33,7. 疑问代词作主语时，改为被动语态要用“by+特殊疑问词”的结构。 e.g. Who invented the machine? By whom was the machine invented? Which team won the match? By which team was the match won?

20、Who has won the prize? By whom was the prize won?,Lecture-14-15-被动态,34,8. 反意疑问句改为被动语态时，把宾语改为主语。 E.g. John broke the vase, didnt he? The vase was broken by John, wasnt it? They are building a library, arent they? A library is being built by them, isnt it? He can jump over the wall, cant he? The wall

21、can be jumped over by him, cant it?,Lecture-14-15-被动态,35,Proof reading,1. According to sine (正弦) theories derived from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and more pleasant when inhibitions (禁制) overcoming. 2. When overall exports exceed imports, a country says to have a trade surplus.,Lecture

22、-14-15-被动态,36,3. Because radio communication had failed once before, I was afraid the men in the crew on the plant might be lost touch with the platform. 4. There is, it seems, no limit to the satisfaction to find in the pursuit of knowledge.,Lecture-14-15-被动态,37,More exercises,1. Guilin, a city in

23、southern China, _ its beautiful scenery, surpassing that of any other place in the world. A. is well known with B. well known as C. well known with D. is well known for (D),Lecture-14-15-被动态,38,2. The children went there to watch the iron tower_. A erecting B. be erected C. being erected D. to erect

24、 (C),Lecture-14-15-被动态,39,3. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. were objected to having (A),Lecture-14-15-被动态,40,4. _ permission to hold a party at home, Mary started to write a

25、n invitation to her friends. A. Giving B. Having been given C. Having given D. To be given (B),Lecture-14-15-被动态,41,5. The local health organization is reported _ twenty five years ago when Dr. Andon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been se

26、t up (C),Lecture-14-15-被动态,42,6. - So far_. -That is too bad. A. we received nothing from him B. nothing from him has been received C. he sent no message to us D. nothing received (B),Lecture-14-15-被动态,43,7. The rest of the evening _singing and dancing. A. has given up to B. will give up to C. will

27、be given up to D. gives up to (C),Lecture-14-15-被动态,44,8. _that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation (凝聚) of an interstellar (星际) gas cloud (气体云). A. It is believed B. To believe C. It is to be believed D. Believed (A),Lecture-14-15-被动态,45,9. _the financ

28、ial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator. A. He was deprived of B. That he was deprived of C. Deprived of D. Although he was deprived (C),Lecture-14-15-被动态,46,10. Having been asked to speak at the convention,_. A. some notes were p

29、repared for Dr. Smith B. Dr. Smith prepared some notes C. the convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. some notes were prepared by Dr. Smith. (B),Lecture-14-15-被动态,47,11. I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all these old houses _down. A. will have been pulled B. will be pul

30、ling C. will have pulled D. will be pulled (A),Lecture-14-15-被动态,48,12. _ a good chance, he will try all his best to learn more. A. Given B. Having given C. Being given D. To be given (A),Lecture-14-15-被动态,49,13. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the dead line. A. be sent B.

31、must be sent C. were sent D. would be sent (A),Lecture-14-15-被动态,50,14. Although a teenager Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do. A. being told B. telling C. to be told D. to tell (A),Lecture-14-15-被动态,51,15. If he _ in better health, he _ abroad to study. A. werewould have been sent B. wascould be sent C.