【语法讲解】高中英语强调句型专题讲解

1、英语强调句一、强调句的基本结构及用法强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感 受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是 ”等字眼。其基本结构是：it+ be 的适当形式+被强调成分+that (who)+其他成分 he bought the book in this shop yesterday.it was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语 he) it was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语 the book) it was in

2、this shop that he bought the book yesterday. ( 强调地点状语 in this shop)【注意】1.在该强调结构中，it 无任何意义但不可以换成 this 或者 that 等。it is (was)that (who)为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句 子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。2. 关于 that 与 who：当被强调部分指人时，可以用 who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时） 或者 whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替 that；当被强调部分指物时通常用 that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用 that 不

3、用 whoit was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about当被强调部分是代词时，用 who 不用 that。当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用 when / where /why 代 that( 尤其 是当这些状语为介词短语时)。where there is a will , there is a way. - 1 -1）it was only when i reread his poems recently _ i began to appreciate their beauty.a

4、. until b. that c. when d. so2）it was in qingdao _ i saw the sea for the first time.a. what b. that c. when d. which3）it was because of bad weather _ the football match had to be put off. a. so b. so that c. why d. that如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。it was from him，his chemistry teacher，that paul learned to w

5、atch carefully in class3.关于 be 的适当形式：在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be 动词一律 用单数 is/was 形式。如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在 完成 /现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等 ) ，就 用 is。it is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.a. one b. that c. what d. it如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去

6、完成时、过去将来时等)，就用 was。例如:it was between 1989 and 1999 _ great changes took place in our hometown.a. when b. that c. which d. because也可以根据需要用 it may/might/must bethat/who; it must havewhere there is a will , there is a way. - 2 -been that/who 如it might be sally that you are thinking of.it might be in th

7、e morning that he broke into the house.it might be his father that you are looking for.it must be john that/who will take part in the contest on behalf our class.it must have been her twin sister that you saw.it_ peter who has let this secret out because i only told him the news. a. can be b. should

8、 be c. might be d. must beit must have been his brother that you met.4. 关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语 或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者 because 引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或 名词充当）、although 引导的让步状语从句、for、since, as 引导的原因状 语从句、if 条件状语等。如：强调主语、宾语。例 1it is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptom

9、s of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (nmet03)a. who b. that c. how d. what例 2it was how the young man had learned five foreign languages _ attracted the audiences interest. (上海 2000 春)a. so that b. that c. what d. in which强调主语从句 how the young man had learned five foreign languages。 例 3

10、it was the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. (nmet2000)a. one b. that c. what d. itwhere there is a will , there is a way. - 3 -强调状语it was at the gate of our school that we gave the visitors a warm welcome. (强调地点状语)it was with great joy that he received the new

11、s that his long lost son would soon return home. (强调程度状语)it is by bus that mary usually goes to school. (强调方式状语)it was three years ago that i came to this school. (强调时间状语)it is when he got back that he knew what had happened. (强调时间状语)it was because he loved my money that he married me. (强调原因状语)注意：a.

12、强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用 that,不能用 when, where, why 或 how。如：it was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (nmet97)a. that b. until c. before d. whenit was because of bad weather_ the football match had to be put off. (2003 上海春季)a. so b. so that c. why d. thatit was whe

13、re there had been a theatre_ they built a new modern school. a. where b. in which c. that d. sob.使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。 比较下面的句子：1) it was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (强调句型)where there is a will , there is a way. - 4 -it was evening when the soldier

14、s arrived at the small mountain village. (when 引导时间状语从句，it 表示时间)2) it was at 3 oclock that they came back. (强调句型)it was 3 oclock when they came back. (when 引导时间状语从句，it 表示时 间)3) it is for three hours that they have been back. (强调句型)it was three hours before they came back. (before 引导时间状语从句，it 表 示时间)i

15、t is three hours since they came back. (since 引导时间状语从句，it 表示时 间)再如：it was raining when they came back.it is true that he once went to canada.it is a surprise that mary should have won the first prize.c.强调部分为介词短语：强调部分为介词短语时，应特别注意能引起 误解的干扰选项。表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别。 1. it was through jack _ mary got to k

16、now bob .a. who b. whom c. how d. that2. it was _c_ great care that they did the job.a. for b. about c. with d. in3. it was on october 1st 1949 _ new china was founded .a. which b. when c. as d. that4. was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?a. that b. in which c. in where d. whichwhere there

17、is a will , there is a way. - 5 -d.特别提示：对“not.until.结构的”强调，要用“it is/was not until.that.” 这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序.it was _ back home after the experiment.湖北04)(a. not until midnight did he gob. until midnight that he didnt goc. not until midnight that he wentd. until midnight when

18、he didnt go5. 关于主谓一致：在强调句型中，被强调部分是原句型的主语时，其形式必须与谓语动词的人称和数保持一致。it is your father that is wrong this time.it is he and his parents that have come to china.6. 人称对照：在强调句型中，如强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时, 应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。it is they who will attend the medical conference.it was her that i saw in the street just now.【误】

19、 it is i who/ that is going to be sent there to help them.【正】 it is i who/ that am going to be sent there to help them.【误】it was her that told me about it.【正】it was she that told me about it.【误】it is i who the teacher has punished.【正】it is me whom the teacher has punished.二、特殊形式的强调句结构1. 强调句的否定、疑问句形式

20、以及感叹句形式。where there is a will , there is a way. - 6 -强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式 以及反意疑问句形式：否定形式：it was not in england that olympic competitions first started. 一般疑问句形式：was/is it + 被强调部分+ that+其他成分？is the girl in red who is your sister?例 1was it during the second world war _ he died?a. that b. whi

21、le c. in which d. then例 2- wasnt it dr. wang who spoke to you just now?- _. (上海 96)a. i didnt know he was b. yes, it wasc. no, he wasnt d. yes, he did解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能：“yes, it was”或“no, it wasnt”，故选 b.特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ was/is it + 被强调部分+ that+ 其他成 分？what is it that you want me to do?who wa

22、s it that told you the news？when was it that he first came to china?where was it that you met her?how was it that he solved the problem?事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是就陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问 变化而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含有特殊疑问词的强调句型 用在宾语从句中的时候，句型应改为特殊疑问词+it was( is) that +陈述 句”，即采用陈述句语序。(1) where was it _ the road accident happened

23、 yesterday?where there is a will , there is a way. - 7 - in front of the market.a. when b. that c. which d. how(2) i really dont know _ you returned the book to me.a. when it was that b. when was itc. when was it that d. when it was强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句 型相同，即：疑问词 + 一般疑问句”例 1. why! i have n

24、othing to confess (承认坦白)。_ you want me to say? a. what is it that b. what it is that c. how is it that d. how it is that解析：此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。 what 引导宾语从 句并且在宾语从句中充当 say 的宾语。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句， 被强调部分是 what。故选 a例 2i have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesnt matter _ i am making to (广东

25、04)a who is it b who it is c it is who d it is whom解析:. who 引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作介词 to 的宾语（应用宾格 whom，但在通常情况下，也可以用 who 代替 whom）。并且，who it is （that）i am making to(此处省略了 that)为强调句型。这是一个强调句型 的特殊疑问句。被强调部分是 who。故选 b感叹句形式：what/how 加上感叹部分+ it was/is+ that+其他成分！ what a wonderful time it was that we had at the part

26、y！how good a student it is that i have！反意疑问句形式：强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部 分的主语和谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致。where there is a will , there is a way. - 8 -it was at eleven last night that i knew the good news, wasnt it? 强调句型的回答也应该使用强调句式。was it you that told him about it? -yes, it was.2. 固定句型： not.until 句型变为强调句型时，如要

27、强调 until 从句时，要把 not 放 到 until 前，一起强调, 主句由否定句改为肯定句。其基本形式为 it is (was) not until+时间状语（短语或者从句）that。比较：。1. he didnt come until six oclock. it was not until six oclock that he came.2. they didnt start until the rain stopped. it was not until the rain stopped that they started.注意 not . until 句型的变化。比较下列三个句

28、子：she didnt remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.it was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor it was because-clause (because of+名词)+thatit was b

29、ecause of his carelessness（because he was careless） that he lost his job. it was +介词+时间名词+thatit was at 7:00 a.m. that the plane took off.where there is a will , there is a way. - 9 -三、强调句型与定语从句以及与主语从句等的辨析强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句等相关句型混淆.引导定语从句的引导词 that 或者 who，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语， 不可以去掉; that 或者 who 引导主语从句时，that

30、 无任何含义也不充当任 何成分但也不可以省略，who 引导主语从句并且在主语从句中充当主语 也不可以省略。并且，that 或者 who 引导的主语从句经常置于句后，而 在主语位置使用形式主语 it。而强调句型中的 it is (was)that (who)为 结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整。这一点 正是区分强调句型和定语从句以及主语从句的关键所在。a.与定语从句的辨析it was in the lab that was set up by mr. smith that they finished the experiment. （划线部分为定语从句）it was he

31、who came from hunan that won the first prize in the contest.（划线部分为定语从句）b.与名词性从句的辨析it is true that he once was a teacher. （划线部分为主语从句）it was _ he said_ disappointed me.a. what; that b. that; that c. what; what d. that; what（what 引导主语从句）c. 与 there be 句型的辨析_is no possibility _ bob can win the first priz

32、e in the match.a. there; that b. it; that c. there; whether d. it; whether a本题为 there be 句型 , 而非强调句型。 that 引导的为同位语从句 ,作 possibility 的同位语。where there is a will , there is a way. - 10 -四、错误判断强调句的两种情况1. 将非强调句判为强调句。易混句型 1：it be+段时间+ since . “自从以来”该句型中的 be 动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态, since 引导的 从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一

33、般过去时，从句则用过去完成 时。例that was really a splendid(灿烂的辉煌的) evening. its years _ i enjoyed myself so much. (安徽 05)a. when b. that c. before d. since易混句型 2：it be+点时间+ when . 当的时候，是 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。be 动词的时态没有明 确限制，点时间前不加介词。例. did jack come back early last night?yes. it was not yet eight oclock _ he ar

34、rived home. (福建 05 )a. before b. when c. that d. until易混句型 3 ：it be+段时间 + before . “ 多久之后才 ” 、 “ 不久 就” 该句型主句中 be 动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时 态主句中的表语多是 long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或 短语。例 - how long do you think it will be _ china sends a manmade spaceship to the moon?- perhaps two or three years.a. when b. until c. that d. before比较：where there is a will , there is a way. - 11 -it was at ten oclock that he came back.i