大学英语四级冠词练习.doc

1、冠词用法讲练（一）冠词的位置1) 在名词词组中，冠词一般放在最前面。例如：the last few days a really good concert2) 名词词组里如果有all, both, exactly, just, many, quite, rather, such, what等词，这类词可以放在冠词之前。例如：all the timeboth (the) brothersexactly the wrong colourjust the right placequite a nice dayrather a messsuch a funny story3) 和as, howhowev

2、er, so, too连用时, 形容词放在冠词之前。例如：Hes not so big a fool as you think.Shes as clever a girl as youre ever likely to meet.This is too heavy a bag for me to carry.How large an armchair did he have?However tiring a day she may have, she never loses her good humour.（二）不定冠词 (Indefinite Article)1) aan表示“任何一个(类)

3、”，只能用于单数可数名词前。例如：We are having a committee meeting this afternoon.aan不用于不可数名词前。例如：There will be discussion and argument at the meeting.He drinks milk every day.2) 不可数名词用作可数名词时，可用aan。例如：Ive just bought a lovely big Danish cheese.I dont like cheese.She was inspired with a new courage.She showed great

4、courage.3) 用于表示价格、速度、比率等名词前，如five pence a kilo, sixty kilometers an hour, four times a day等。4) 用于下列这样的固定短语中。如a couple, a dozen, half a dozen, a hundred, a lot of, a great many, a great deal of, a large amountquantity of, a good number of 等。Ive done a great deal of work today. (不可数)What a large numbe

5、r of books you have! (可数)Its a good five miles(=at least five miles, perhaps mote) to the station. 5) 以元音开头的单词前不定冠词用an, 如：an apple, an egg, an item, an old man, an umbrella, an hour; 以辅音开头的单词前不定冠词用a university student, a humorous man。EXERCISE lA. Put a or an before each of the following:1. motel (汽车

6、游客旅馆)2. unusual approach3. honest boy4. awkward situation5. exit (出口)6. urgent message7. unique opportunity8. extremely exciting filmBTranslate the following into English：1一座新办公楼2一位旅行社代理人 3一位美国科学家4一天的郊游5一张印度邮票6一次心脏病发作 7一个先进国家8一个有意思的剧本EXERCISE 2Fill in the blanks with a or an where necessary:1. Telep

7、hone is very important means of communication.2. Mothers often tell small children stories before bedtime.3. Ill pay you thousand year. Its not enormous salary but after all you are completely unskilled worker.4. You11 get shock if you touch live wire with that screwdriver(螺丝起子). Why dont you get sc

8、rewdriver with insulated(绝缘的)handle?5. Im not wage-earner; Im self-employed man. I have business of my own.Then youre not worker; Youre capitalist!6. I have hour and half for lunch.I only have half hour barely time for smoke and cup of coffee.7. It travels at just under thousand miles hour.8. I have

9、 never known such hot weather.EXERCISE 3Insert a or an where necessary:A1. I had very bad night; I didnt sleep wink (眨眼；打盹). 2. This man has honesty that we all appreciated.3. Mr. Brown had vision of new and happier Europe.4. Its time you had holiday. You havent had day off for month. 5. There is ho

10、urly service of buses in this route. 6. It is great honour to be invited to such gathering. 7. 1 wouldnt climb mountain for $ 1, 000! I have horror of heights. 8. Children usually learn the difference between right and wrong at early age. 9. I cant tell you definitely yet. Ill have word with my wife

11、 about it and tell you our decision tomorrow. 10. If boy is not making satisfactory progress at school, his parents should seek advice from his teacher.B1. This is big problem, but not too big problem for us to solve. 2. He had square nose, grey hair and brown skin. She had never seen so handsome ma

12、n. 3. However great disaster he suffered, John never gave up. 4. Many shipwrecked sailor has been rescued by our brave coastguards(海岸警卫队). 5. Such urgent need requires prompt action. 6. So urgent need requires prompt action. 7. This is as lovely picture as I have ever seen. 8. I dont think you reali

13、ze what serious crisis this is. 9. You can hardly hope to succeed where many greater man has failed. 10. How serious crime had been committed was not realized until much later.（三）定冠词 (Definite Article)1) 定冠词的基本特性实际上所有名词（专有名词将另行讨论）前都可能用定冠词the。究竟用不用定冠词，主要取决于我们所表达的思想。如果我们要给予某个名词以明确的、限定的、特指的意义，就用the；反之，

14、就不用the。请看下列句子：12I love books.Put the books on the shelf.Butter is not cheap.The butter I bought is not cheap.He went to work by car.He rode to work in the new car.He has gained strength.He has regained the strength he lost.I like music.I like the music composed by the young man.a) 一般用于带有修饰语的名词词组前，但并

15、非所有带修饰语的名词都需要the。例如：Dont you think Georgian houses are absolutely lovely?Stainless steel (不锈钢器皿) has many uses.I cant say I care for modern art.上面三句中斜体部分的名词虽然都有修饰语，因没有明确限定而是泛指一类事物，故不用the。下面三句斜体部分的名词则表示提到过的，特指的事物，要用the：The Georgian houses have been sold.The stainless steel was beautiful, but I though

16、t most of the glass （玻璃器皿） they exhibited was rather unimaginative.They showed a wonderful selection of the impressionists, but the modern art was too limited in its range.b) 也用于有后置修饰语的名词词组前。例如：The old houses which are most worth visiting are in the Imperial City.The steel of the gun barrels has gon

17、e rusty.The art of the eighteenth century has never been surpassed（超过）上面三句中的形容词从句和介词短语明确了是什么样的房子（what houses），什么样的钢（what steel）和什么样的艺术 （what art），故用the。下面三句同样有形容词从句和介词短语修饰名词，但是它们只指这些名词属于某一类事物，并非特指，故不用the。例如：Houses which fail to satisfy these minimum requirements are to be pulled down.Steel of great

18、strength is needed for the manufacture of guns.Art in the eighteenth century probably played a more important part in peoples lives than it does today.EXERCISE 4Fill in the blanks with the where necessary:1. The engineers found that steel was of insufficiently high quality. Steel, I suppose, is the

19、most important single product of the modern industrial world.2. Large forests can have an important influence on climate. Forests have all been cut down.3. Nature was probably his chief source of inspiration （灵感，鼓舞）. Nature of the problem was such as to arouse his interest.4. Education of little chi

20、ldren has been greatly neglected. Public education must be greatly extended.5. The exploration（探索）of space has become one of the chief topics of science fiction（科幻小说）. Space between the table and the wall was just big enough for a small bed.6. I prefer classical music to pop music. Film wasnt very g

21、ood but I liked music.7. My favourite subject at school was history.All students should know something about history of their own country.8. I cannot judge accuracy of your calculations（计算）.In mathematics accuracy is essential.2) 定冠词的主要用法a) 用于单数名词前，表示“某一类人或物”，以区别于其他人或物。例如：The tiger is a fierce（凶猛的）

22、animal. （相当于A tiger is a fierce animal.或Tigers are fierce animals.）In this tribe the woman goes out hunting and the man stays at home to look after the children.下面三句中的斜体部分不能互换：Who invented the radio? （指类别）Who had a radio? （指同类中的任何一个）Who manufactured radios?（指这一类中的所有个体）man 指“人类”时，不用the。例如：Man will co

23、nquer nature.b) 用于指世上独一无二的东西，如 the moon，the sun，the world等。c) 用于表示“乐器”的名词前，但一般不用于表示“体育运动”的名词前。例如：Can you play the guitar?I play football every day.d) 用于某些形容词前，可表示“一类人”。例如：The young are impatient；they want changes.e) 一般不用于表示“疾病”的名词前。例如：Im just recovering from rheumatism（风湿病）.下列病名前一般用aan：I have an ach

24、e in my head (a pain in the neck).He has a colda fever.特指时需要用the。例如：Jim has never really got over the malaria（疟疾）he caught in the East.f) 一般不用于表示“膳食”的名词前，但有形容词修饰时用the。例如：Breakfast is served at eight.The wedding breakfast was held in her fathers house. 如果泛指，用aan。例如：He gave us a good breakfast.g) bed,

25、 church, college, court, hospital, market, prison, school, sea和work等名词用来指有关活动时，一般不用冠词。例如：Its time for children to go to bed. （指to sleep）He goes to church every Sunday. （指to pray）After the crash，seven people were taken to hospital. （指to be cured）He spent six months in prison. （指to be punished）After I

26、 leave school, I want to go to (a) university. （指to study）Ken is a seaman. He spends most of his life at sea. （指to sail）注：在美国英语中，通常用athe hospital，a university。出于其他目的，如去参观、访问这些地方或谈到这些地方时，根据情况用 a 或 the。例如：There is a bed in the room.She was putting clean sheets on the bed.The workmen went to the church

27、 to repair the roof.Tom went to the prison to visit his brother.I would love to live near the sea.home 单独使用时，无冠词；有修饰语时，用 the 或 a。例如：She left home.We went to the brides home.I dont have a home to go to in this city.h) 当cinema, theatre, radio等名词用于表示“看电影、看戏、听无线电”时，一般要用 the。例如：We went to the cinema last

28、 night.Do you often go to the theatre?I heard the news on the radio.television 用于表示“看电视”时不用 the。例如：I watched the news on television.指“电视机”时用the。例如：Can you turn off the television, please?(=the television set)注：许多固定词组中的名词前通常没有冠词，需要熟记，如day after day，husband and wife，father and son，lock and key，heaven

29、and hell等。EXERCISE 5AFill in the blanks with a or the where necessary:1. After lunch, we went for walk by sea.2. Steam-engine was invented before internal combustion engine（内燃机）.3. Bat, they say, judges distances by kind of echo-location.4. He goes to church every Sunday； church he usually goes to h

30、as seats for over thousand.5. This is most useful reference book I have on this subject.6. We have good market in town where we buy our fruit and _ vegetables.7. Prison in this town is grim-looking building.8. Youngest boy has just started going to school； eldest boy is at college.9. Dead no longer

31、need help. We must concern ourselves with living.10. John became manager and secretary of the company same time.BInsert a or the where necessary:1. Horse is noble animal and faithful servant of man.2. Chess is game which requires great skill and patience.3. The stranger went to school to complain ab

32、out behaviour（行为）of one of pupils.4. Dinner was good, but I did not enjoy speeches that came after it.5. An important aspect in developing motivation（动力，促动因素）is setting of goals.6. He got bronchitis（支气管炎） and was taken to hospital. I expect theyll send him home at end of week.Have you rung hospital

33、to ask how he is?7. Didnt you hear that news over radio this morning?8. Flute（长笛） is my favourite instrument.9. We have very good train service from here to city center and most people go to work by train. You can go by bus, too, of course, but you cant get season ticket on bus.10. Everywhere man ha

34、s cut down forests in order to cultivate ground, or to use wood as fuel or as building material.3) 专用名词前定冠词的主要用法a) 一般不用于单数人名前，但特指或强调时需用the。例如：Hes the Mr. Smith I saw yesterday. 也可说：A Mr. Smith has come here. (=A man called Smith has come here.)复数人名前需用the，如the Johnsons, the Coopers。b) 不用于“头衔+人名”前，但有头

35、衔无人名时需用the，以表示特指。例如：I saw Queen Elizabeth when l was in London。I saw the Queen when I was in London.c) 不用于国家、省市等名词前，但由短语组成的国名，或以s结尾的国名前需要用the。例如：the Philippinesthe Netherlandsthe United Statesthe United Kingdom注：the Ukraine, the Congo, the Sudan, the Hague为例外。d) 用于表示国籍、民族的名词前。例如：the Britishthe Chine

36、sethe Dutchthe English下列名词常用复数形式：(the) Russians(the) Italians(the) Arabs(the) Scotsc) 用于表示地区的名词前。例如：the Middle Eastthe Far Eastthe north of England (但是：northern England)f) 不用于街道、建筑等名词前，但有 of 介词短语修饰时，需用the。例如：BroadwayRed Squarethe Tower of Londonthe Great Wall of ChinaSam lives on l2th Street. They c

37、hanged the name of Sixth Avenue to the Avenue of Americas.g) 用于河流、海洋、群岛、山脉、海峡、海湾名词前。例如：the Mississippithe Atlanticthe Philippine Islandsthe Andesthe English Channelthe Persian Gulf但不用于单个岛屿、山峰前。例如：Sicily(Mount)Etnah) 不用于大学名称前，但有 of 介词短语修饰时，需用the。例如：Yale UniversityOxford Universitythe University of No

38、rth Carolinai) 不用于杂志名词前，但用于报纸名词前。例如：NewsweekNatural Historythe Daily Newsthe Washington PostEXERCISE 6AFill in the blanks with the where necessary:1. Thames, Seine and Rhine are famous rivers.2. Samuel Johnson who was a professor of Columbia University was not Samuel Johnson who was a famous English

39、 writer.3. Andes are in South America, and Alps are in Europe.4. Wool of which this suit is made comes from Australian sheep.5. Wool is one of chief exports from Australia.6. He remembers London of past and says it was gayer than London of today.7. Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea are really part of

40、 Atlantic Ocean.8. Macys (商店名) is on 34th Street between Broadway and Seventh Avenue.9. Mr Jenkins reads Daily Telegraph but his wife reads Times.10. Frank is a student at Liverpool University.BTranslate the following into English:1大英博物馆2苏伊士运河3这两个词的区别4威尔逊一家5在第一排61949年 7在1935年秋天EXERCISE 7Cross out ar

41、ticles that are unnecessary in the following passage:The people everywhere in the world might say, “When the strangers do not understand the customs that we follow, they are confused and do not understand what is happening.” The good manners are different in the different parts of the world. In many

42、 places, for example, accepting the gifts or anything important with the left hand shows the bad manners and even the rudeness. People with the good manners accept the important things with the both hands or at least with the right hand. Using the left hand to accept the important things shows not o

43、nly the discourtesy （无礼，失礼） but also shows that the person who is accepting thinks the thing being given is worthless. In the Europe and the North America, however, the people do not follow this custom and give and receive with either hand without thinking about the meaning of what they are doing.冠词

44、用法讲练EXERCISE 1A. 1. a2. an3. an 4. an5. an 6. an7. a8. anB. 1. a new office building2. travel agent3. an American scientist4. a days outing5. an Indian stamp6. a heart attack7. an advanced country8. an interesting playEXERCISE 21. A (telephone); a2.x; x; x3. a; a; an; a4.a; a; a; an5. a; a; a; a; a6.an; a; x; an; x; a; a7. a; an8.xEXERCISE 3A.1. a (very bad night); a (wink)2. an (honesty)3. a (vision of a new and happier Europe)4. a (holiday); a (day off); a (month)5. an (hourly service)6. a (great honour); a (gathering)7. a (mountain); a (horror)8. an (early age)9. a (word)10.a (boy)B.1